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Fischer JC, Steentjes R, Chen DH, Richards BS, Zojer E, Wöll C, Howard IA. Determining Structures of Layer-by-Layer Spin-Coated Zinc Dicarboxylate-Based Metal-Organic Thin Films. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400565. [PMID: 38642002 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Thin films of crystalline solids with substantial free volume built from organic chromophores and metal secondary building units (SBUs) are promising for engineering new optoelectronic properties through control of interchromophore coupling. Zn-based SBUs are especially relevant in this case because they avoid quenching the chromophore's luminescence. We find that layer-by-layer spin-coating using Zn acetate dihydrate and benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid (H2BDC) and biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid (H2BPDC) linkers readily produces crystalline thin films. However, analysis of the grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) data reveals the structures of these films vary significantly with the linker, and with the metal-to-linker molar ratio used for fabrication. Under equimolar conditions, H2BPDC creates a type of structure like that proposed for SURMOF-2, whereas H2BDC generates a different metal-hydroxide-organic framework. Large excess of Zn2+ ions causes the growth of layered zinc hydroxides, irrespective of the linker used. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations provide structural models with minimum total energy that are consistent with the experimentally observed diffractograms. In the broader sense, this work illustrates the importance in this field of careful structure determination, e. g., by utilizing GIWAXS and DFT simulations to determine the structure of the obtained crystalline metal-organic thin films, such that properties can be rationally engineered and explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan C Fischer
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Robbin Steentjes
- Institute for Solid-State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Dong-Hui Chen
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Bryce S Richards
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Egbert Zojer
- Institute for Solid-State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ian A Howard
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Liu Z, Haque MA, Savory CN, Liu T, Matsuishi S, Fenwick O, Scanlon DO, Zwijnenburg MA, Baran D, Schroeder BC. Controlling the thermoelectric properties of organo-metallic coordination polymers through backbone geometry. Faraday Discuss 2024; 250:377-389. [PMID: 37965928 PMCID: PMC10926974 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00139c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Poly(nickel-benzene-1,2,4,5-tetrakis(thiolate)) (Ni-btt), an organometallic coordination polymer (OMCP) characterized by the coordination between benzene-1,2,4,5-tetrakis(thiolate) (btt) and Ni2+ ions, has been recognized as a promising p-type thermoelectric material. In this study, we employed a constitutional isomer based on benzene-1,2,3,4-tetrakis(thiolate) (ibtt) to generate the corresponding isomeric polymer, poly(nickel-benzene-1,2,3,4-tetrakis(thiolate)) (Ni-ibtt). Comparative analysis of Ni-ibtt and Ni-btt reveals several common infrared (IR) and Raman features attributed to their similar square-planar nickel-sulfur (Ni-S) coordination. Nevertheless, these two polymer isomers exhibit substantially different backbone geometries. Ni-btt possesses a linear backbone, whereas Ni-ibtt exhibits a more undulating, zig-zag-like structure. Consequently, Ni-ibtt demonstrates slightly higher solubility and an increased bandgap in comparison to Ni-btt. The most noteworthy dissimilarity, however, manifests in their thermoelectric properties. While Ni-btt exhibits p-type behavior, Ni-ibtt demonstrates n-type carrier characteristics. This intriguing divergence prompted further investigation into the influence of OMCP backbone geometry on the electronic structure and, particularly, the thermoelectric properties of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Md Azimul Haque
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Chris N Savory
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
- Thomas Young Centre, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Tianjun Liu
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Satoru Matsuishi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Materials Research Center for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Oliver Fenwick
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - David O Scanlon
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
- Thomas Young Centre, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Martijn A Zwijnenburg
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
- Thomas Young Centre, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Derya Baran
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bob C Schroeder
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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Tan CM, Fukui N, Takada K, Maeda H, Selezneva E, Bourgès C, Masunaga H, Sasaki S, Tsukagoshi K, Mori T, Sirringhaus H, Nishihara H. Lateral Heterometal Junction Rectifier Fabricated by Sequential Transmetallation of Coordination Nanosheet. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318181. [PMID: 38179847 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Heterostructures of two-dimensional materials realise novel and enhanced physical phenomena, making them attractive research targets. Compared to inorganic materials, coordination nanosheets have virtually infinite combinations, leading to tunability of physical properties and are promising candidates for heterostructure fabrication. Although stacking of coordination materials into vertical heterostructures is widely reported, reports of lateral coordination material heterostructures are few. Here we show the successful fabrication of a seamless lateral heterojunction showing diode behaviour, by sequential and spatially limited immersion of a new metalladithiolene coordination nanosheet, Zn3 BHT, into aqueous Cu(II) and Fe(II) solutions. Upon immersion, the Zn centres in insulating Zn3 BHT are replaced by Cu or Fe ions, resulting in conductivity. The transmetallation is spatially confined, occurring only within the immersed area. We anticipate that our results will be a starting point towards exploring transmetallation of various two-dimensional materials to produce lateral heterojunctions, by providing a new and facile synthetic route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon Meng Tan
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278 8510, Japan
| | - Naoya Fukui
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278 8510, Japan
| | - Kenji Takada
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278 8510, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Maeda
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278 8510, Japan
| | - Ekaterina Selezneva
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278 8510, Japan
- WPI International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Cédric Bourgès
- International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Masunaga
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, (Japan)
| | - Sono Sasaki
- Faculty of Fiber Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, 1 Matsugasaki Hashikami-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tsukagoshi
- WPI International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takao Mori
- WPI International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278 8510, Japan
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Maeda H, Takada K, Fukui N, Nagashima S, Nishihara H. Conductive coordination nanosheets: Sailing to electronics, energy storage, and catalysis. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Wang Y, Chiang C, Chang C, Maeda H, Fukui N, Wang I, Wen C, Lu K, Huang S, Jian W, Chen C, Tsukagoshi K, Nishihara H. Two-Dimensional Bis(dithiolene)iron(II) Self-Powered UV Photodetectors with Ultrahigh Air Stability. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2100564. [PMID: 34306985 PMCID: PMC8292878 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Organometallic two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets with tailorable components have recently fascinated the optoelectronic communities due to their solution-processable nature. However, the poor stability of organic molecules may hinder their practical application in photovoltaic devices. Instead of conventional organometallic 2D nanosheets with low weatherability, an air-stable π-conjugated 2D bis(dithiolene)iron(II) (FeBHT) coordination nanosheet (CONASH) is synthesized via bottom-up liquid/liquid interfacial polymerization using benzenehexathiol (BHT) and iron(II) ammonium sulfate [Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2] as precursors. The uncoordinated thiol groups in FeBHT are easily oxidized, but the Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 dissociation rate is slow, which facilitates the protection of sulfur groups by iron(II) ions. The density functional theory calculates that the resultant FeBHT network gains the oxygen-repelling function for oxidation suppression. In air, the FeBHT CONASH exhibits self-powered photoresponses with short response times (<40 ms) and a spectral responsivity of 6.57 mA W-1, a specific detectivity of 3.13 × 1011 Jones and an external quantum efficiency of 2.23% under 365 nm illumination. Interestingly, the FeBHT self-powered photodetector reveals extremely high long-term air stability, maintaining over 94% of its initial photocurrent after aging for 60 days without encapsulation. These results open the prospect of using organometallic 2D materials in commercialized optoelectronic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying‐Chiao Wang
- International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS) and WPI International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI‐MANA)National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)TsukubaIbaraki305‐0044Japan
| | - Chun‐Hao Chiang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Chi‐Ming Chang
- Department of ElectrophysicsNational Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Hiroaki Maeda
- Department of ChemistrySchool of ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyo113‐0033Japan
- Research Center for Science and TechnologyTokyo University of ScienceChiba278‐8510Japan
| | - Naoya Fukui
- Department of ChemistrySchool of ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyo113‐0033Japan
- Research Center for Science and TechnologyTokyo University of ScienceChiba278‐8510Japan
| | - I‐Ta Wang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Cheng‐Yen Wen
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Kuan‐Cheng Lu
- Department of ElectrophysicsNational Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Shao‐Ku Huang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Wen‐Bin Jian
- Department of ElectrophysicsNational Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Chun‐Wei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials (AI‐MAT)National Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Kazuhito Tsukagoshi
- International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS) and WPI International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI‐MANA)National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)TsukubaIbaraki305‐0044Japan
- Department of ElectrophysicsNational Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Department of ChemistrySchool of ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyo113‐0033Japan
- Research Center for Science and TechnologyTokyo University of ScienceChiba278‐8510Japan
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Wang M, Dong R, Feng X. Two-dimensional conjugated metal–organic frameworks (2D c-MOFs): chemistry and function for MOFtronics. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:2764-2793. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01160f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional conjugated MOFs are emerging for multifunctional electronic devices that brings us “MOFtronics”, such as (opto)electronics, spintronics, energy devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Wang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Renhao Dong
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
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