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Mazarei E, Saalfrank P. Tuning Properties of Layered Materials Based on Hexagonal Boron Nitride by Methylation: A Density Functional Theory Study. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300882. [PMID: 38517940 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
In this work, the rational design of optoelectronic properties of two-dimensional materials based on hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) by functionalization by methyl (CH3) groups is proposed. Using density functional theory, we examine the functionalization of single- or double-layer systems with either CH3 radicals alone or with both CH3 (cations) and chlorine (anions), i. e., under conditions of homolytic or heterolytic splitting of CH3Cl precursor molecules, respectively. Different degrees of methylation (coverages) are considered. The methylation of pure h-BN leads to a reduction of the band gap, while in h-BN/G heterostructures (with methylated graphene layer), methylation increases the band gap. As a consequence, h-BN/G heterostructures offer a high tunability of their optoelectronic properties. To guide possible experiments, vibrational properties and spectra of methylated h-BN and methylated h-BN/G are determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Mazarei
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Chemie, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Peter Saalfrank
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Chemie, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Garrido M, Naranjo A, Pérez EM. Characterization of emerging 2D materials after chemical functionalization. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3428-3445. [PMID: 38455011 PMCID: PMC10915849 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05365b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The chemical modification of 2D materials has proven a powerful tool to fine tune their properties. With this motivation, the development of new reactions has moved extremely fast. The need for speed, together with the intrinsic heterogeneity of the samples, has sometimes led to permissiveness in the purification and characterization protocols. In this review, we present the main tools available for the chemical characterization of functionalized 2D materials, and the information that can be derived from each of them. We then describe examples of chemical modification of 2D materials other than graphene, focusing on the chemical description of the products. We have intentionally selected examples where an above-average characterization effort has been carried out, yet we find some cases where further information would have been welcome. Our aim is to bring together the toolbox of techniques and practical examples on how to use them, to serve as guidelines for the full characterization of covalently modified 2D materials.
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Martínez-Jiménez C, Chow A, Smith McWilliams AD, Martí AA. Hexagonal boron nitride exfoliation and dispersion. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:16836-16873. [PMID: 37850487 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03941b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Research on hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) 2-dimensional nanostructures has gained traction due to their unique chemical, thermal, and electronic properties. However, to make use of these exceptional properties and fabricate macroscopic materials, hBN often needs to be exfoliated and dispersed in a solvent. In this review, we provide an overview of the many different methods that have been used for dispersing hBN. The approaches that will be covered in this review include solvents, covalent functionalization, acids and bases, surfactants and polymers, biomolecules, intercalating agents, and thermal expansion. The properties of the exfoliated sheets obtained and the dispersions are discussed, and an overview of the work in the field throughout the years is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alina Chow
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
| | | | - Angel A Martí
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Smalley-Curl Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
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Density Functional Theory Study of Low-Dimensional (2D, 1D, 0D) Boron Nitride Nanomaterials Catalyzing Acetylene Acetate Reaction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179997. [PMID: 36077397 PMCID: PMC9456482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, density functional theory (DFT) was used to study the possibility of low-dimensional (2D, 1D, 0D) boron nitride nanomaterials to catalyze acetylene acetate reaction, and further explore the possible source of this catalytic activity. It is found that the catalytic activity of boron nitride nanomaterials for acetylene acetate reaction will change with the change of the geometric structure (dimension) and reaction site of the catalyst. From the geometric structure, the reaction components and the zero-dimensional BN catalyst can form chemical bonds and form complexes, while only physical adsorption occurs on the surface of the one-dimensional and two-dimensional BN catalysts. From the reaction site, the properties of different C sites on the B12N12NC-C2H2 complexes are different. Namely, a C atom connected with a B atom is more likely to have an electrophilic reaction with H+, and a C atom connected with an N atom is more likely to have a nucleophilic reaction with CH3COO−. Through the study of three kinds of BN nanomaterials with low dimensions, we found that the zero-dimensional B12N12 nanocage broke the inherent reaction inertia of BN materials and showed good catalytic activity in an acetylene acetate reaction, which is very likely to be a non-metallic catalyst for the acetylene gas-phase preparation of vinyl acetate.
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Gautam C, Chelliah S. Methods of hexagonal boron nitride exfoliation and its functionalization: covalent and non-covalent approaches. RSC Adv 2021; 11:31284-31327. [PMID: 35496870 PMCID: PMC9041435 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05727h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The exfoliation of two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (h-BNNSs) from bulk hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) materials has received intense interest owing to their fascinating physical, chemical, and biological properties. Numerous exfoliation techniques offer scalable approaches for harvesting single-layer or few-layer h-BNNSs. Their structure is very comparable to graphite, and they have numerous significant applications owing to their superb thermal, electrical, optical, and mechanical performance. Exfoliation from bulk stacked h-BN is the most cost-effective way to obtain large quantities of few layer h-BN. Herein, numerous methods have been discussed to achieve the exfoliation of h-BN, each with advantages and disadvantages. Herein, we describe the existing exfoliation methods used to fabricate single-layer materials. Besides exfoliation methods, various functionalization methods, such as covalent, non-covalent, and Lewis acid-base approaches, including physical and chemical methods, are extensively described for the preparation of several h-BNNS derivatives. Moreover, the unique and potent characteristics of functionalized h-BNNSs, like enhanced solubility in water, improved thermal conductivity, stability, and excellent biocompatibility, lead to certain extensive applications in the areas of biomedical science, electronics, novel polymeric composites, and UV photodetectors, and these are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandkiram Gautam
- Advanced Glass and Glass Ceramics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Lucknow Lucknow 226007 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Selvam Chelliah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Southern University Houston USA
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Zhao LH, Liao Y, Jia LC, Wang Z, Huang XL, Ning WJ, Zhang ZX, Ren JW. Ultra-Robust Thermoconductive Films Made from Aramid Nanofiber and Boron Nitride Nanosheet for Thermal Management Application. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2028. [PMID: 34206158 PMCID: PMC8271841 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of highly thermally conductive composites with excellent electrical insulation has attracted extensive attention, which is of great significance to solve the increasingly severe heat concentration issue of electronic equipment. Herein, we report a new strategy to prepare boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) via an ion-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation method. Then, silver nanoparticle (AgNP) modified BNNS (BNNS@Ag) was obtained by in situ reduction properties. The exfoliation yield of BNNS was approximately 50% via the ion-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation method. Subsequently, aramid nanofiber (ANF)/BNNS@Ag composites were prepared by vacuum filtration. Owing to the "brick-and-mortar" structure formed inside the composite and the adhesion of AgNP, the interfacial thermal resistance was effectively reduced. Therefore, the in-plane thermal conductivity of ANF/BNNS@Ag composites was as high as 11.51 W m-1 K-1, which was 233.27% higher than that of pure ANF (3.45 W m-1 K-1). The addition of BNNS@Ag maintained tensile properties (tensile strength of 129.14 MPa). Moreover, the ANF/BNNS@Ag films also had good dielectric properties and the dielectric constant was below 2.5 (103 Hz). Hence, the ANF/BNNS@Ag composite shows excellent thermal management performance, and the electrical insulation and mechanical properties of the matrix are retained, indicating its potential application prospects in high pressure and high temperature application environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Zhao
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (L.-H.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.-C.J.); (Z.W.); (X.-L.H.); (W.-J.N.)
| | - Yun Liao
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (L.-H.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.-C.J.); (Z.W.); (X.-L.H.); (W.-J.N.)
| | - Li-Chuan Jia
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (L.-H.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.-C.J.); (Z.W.); (X.-L.H.); (W.-J.N.)
| | - Zhong Wang
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (L.-H.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.-C.J.); (Z.W.); (X.-L.H.); (W.-J.N.)
| | - Xiao-Long Huang
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (L.-H.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.-C.J.); (Z.W.); (X.-L.H.); (W.-J.N.)
| | - Wen-Jun Ning
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (L.-H.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.-C.J.); (Z.W.); (X.-L.H.); (W.-J.N.)
| | - Zong-Xi Zhang
- State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid of China, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Jun-Wen Ren
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (L.-H.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.-C.J.); (Z.W.); (X.-L.H.); (W.-J.N.)
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Zhang H, Zhang X, Zheng K, Tian X. Preparation of poly glycidyl methacrylate (PGMA) chain-grafted boron nitride/epoxy composites and their thermal conductivity properties. RSC Adv 2021; 11:22343-22351. [PMID: 35480823 PMCID: PMC9034223 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00976a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface modification of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) has the problem of reducing the interfacial thermal resistance, which has hindered its application in thermal conductive composites. Herein, poly glycidyl methacrylate (PGMA) chains were grafted onto the h-BN surface by simple radical polymerization; the thermal conductivity of epoxy (EP) composites was improved by adding the as-grafted h-BN-PGMA to EP resin. When the filling volume of h-BN-PGMA was 4, 10 or 16 vol%, the thermal conductivity of EP composite increased by 160%, 298% or 599%, respectively. Moreover, the h-BN surface modification was beneficial to enhance the compatibility between the filler and the EP matrix. Compared to EP/h-BN, the EP/h-BN-PGMA had higher thermal conductivity (1.197 W m-1 K-1) under the same filling amount (16 vol%). Moreover, excellent dielectric properties and thermal stability indicated that EP/h-BN-PGMA composites were excellent thermal interface materials (TIMs) and could be applied in the field of thermal management. The preparation process is environmentally friendly, easy to operate, and suitable for large-scale practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibao Zhang
- Institute of Solid Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei People's Republic of China .,Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Institute of Solid Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei People's Republic of China .,Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China
| | - Kang Zheng
- Institute of Solid Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei People's Republic of China .,Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China
| | - Xingyou Tian
- Institute of Solid Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei People's Republic of China .,Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China
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