1
|
Mastella P, Todaro B, Luin S. Nanogels: Recent Advances in Synthesis and Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1300. [PMID: 39120405 PMCID: PMC11314474 DOI: 10.3390/nano14151300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
In the context of advanced nanomaterials research, nanogels (NGs) have recently gained broad attention for their versatility and promising biomedical applications. To date, a significant number of NGs have been developed to meet the growing demands in various fields of biomedical research. Summarizing preparation methods, physicochemical and biological properties, and recent applications of NGs may be useful to help explore new directions for their development. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the latest NG synthesis methodologies, highlighting advances in formulation with different types of hydrophilic or amphiphilic polymers. It also underlines recent biomedical applications of NGs in drug delivery and imaging, with a short section dedicated to biosafety considerations of these innovative nanomaterials. In conclusion, this article summarizes recent innovations in NG synthesis and their numerous applications, highlighting their considerable potential in the biomedical field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Mastella
- NEST Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, Via Ferruccio Giovannini 13, 56017 San Giuliano Terme, PI, Italy
| | - Biagio Todaro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Stefano Luin
- NEST Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- NEST Laboratory, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Altinbasak I, Alp Y, Sanyal R, Sanyal A. Theranostic nanogels: multifunctional agents for simultaneous therapeutic delivery and diagnostic imaging. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:14033-14056. [PMID: 38990143 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01423e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in multifunctional theranostic agents capable of delivering therapeutic payloads while facilitating simultaneous diagnostic imaging of diseased sites. This approach offers a comprehensive strategy particularly valuable in dynamically evolving diseases like cancer, where combining therapy and diagnostics provides crucial insights for treatment planning. Nanoscale platforms, specifically nanogels, have emerged as promising candidates due to their stability, tunability, and multifunctionality as carriers. As a well-studied subgroup of soft polymeric nanoparticles, nanogels exhibit inherent advantages due to their size and chemical compositions, allowing for passive and active targeting of diseased tissues. Moreover, nanogels loaded with therapeutic and diagnostic agents can be designed to respond to specific stimuli at the disease site, enhancing their efficacy and specificity. This capability enables fine-tuning of theranostic platforms, garnering significant clinical interest as they can be tailored for personalized treatments. The ability to monitor tumor progression in response to treatment facilitates the adaptation of therapies according to individual patient responses, highlighting the importance of designing theranostic platforms to guide clinicians in making informed treatment decisions. Consequently, the integration of therapy and diagnostics using theranostic platforms continues to advance, offering intelligent solutions to address the challenges of complex diseases such as cancer. In this context, nanogels capable of delivering therapeutic payloads and simultaneously armed with diagnostic modalities have emerged as an attractive theranostic platform. This review focuses on advances made toward the fabrication and utilization of theranostic nanogels by highlighting examples from recent literature where their performances through a combination of therapeutic agents and imaging methods have been evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Altinbasak
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye.
| | - Yasin Alp
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye.
| | - Rana Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye.
- Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye.
- Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kuznetsov AA, Novak EV, Pyanzina ES, Kantorovich SS. Multicore-based ferrofluids in zero field: initial magnetic susceptibility and self-assembly mechanisms. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:4549-4561. [PMID: 37306482 PMCID: PMC10282899 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00440f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The necessity to improve magnetic building blocks in magnetic nano-structured soft materials stems from a fascinating potential these materials have in bio-medical applications and nanofluidics. Along with practical reasons, the interplay of magnetic and steric interactions on one hand, and entropy, on the other, makes magnetic soft matter fundamentally challenging. Recently, in order to tailor magnetic response of the magnetic particle suspensions, the idea arose to replace standard single-core nanoparticles with nano-sized clusters of single-domain nanoparticles (grains) rigidly bound together by solid polymer matrix - multicore magnetic nanoparticles (MMNPs). To pursue this idea, a profound understanding of the MMNP interactions and self-assembly is required. In this work we present a computational study of the MMNP suspensions and elucidate their self-assembly and magnetic susceptibility. We show that depending on the magnetic moment of individual grains the suspensions exhibit qualitatively distinct regimes. Firstly, if the grains are moderately interacting, they contribute to a significant decrease of the remanent magnetisation of MMNPs and as such to a decrease of the magnetic susceptibility, this way confirming previous findings. If the grains are strongly interacting, instead, they serve as anchor points and support formation of grain clusters that span through several MMNPs, leading to MMNP cluster formation and a drastic increase of the initial magnetic response. Both the topology of the clusters and their size distribution in MMNP suspensions is found to be notably different from those formed in conventional magnetic fluids or magnetorheological suspensions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Kuznetsov
- Computational and Soft Matter Physics, University of Vienna, Kollingasse 14-16, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ekaterina V Novak
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Lenin av. 51, 620000, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Elena S Pyanzina
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Lenin av. 51, 620000, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Sofia S Kantorovich
- Computational and Soft Matter Physics, University of Vienna, Kollingasse 14-16, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Research Platform MMM Mathematics-Magnetism-Material, University of Vienna, Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Macchione MA, Bedoya DA, Rivero-Buceta E, Botella P, Strumia MC. Mesoporous Silica and Oligo (Ethylene Glycol) Methacrylates-Based Dual-Responsive Hybrid Nanogels. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3835. [PMID: 36364611 PMCID: PMC9657937 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric-inorganic hybrid nanomaterials have emerged as novel multifunctional platforms because they combine the intrinsic characteristics of both materials with unexpected properties that arise from synergistic effects. In this work, hybrid nanogels based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles, oligo (ethylene glycol) methacrylates, and acidic moieties were developed employing ultrasound-assisted free radical precipitation/dispersion polymerization. Chemical structure was characterized by infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. Hydrodynamic diameters at different temperatures were determined by dynamic light scattering, and cloud point temperatures were determined by turbidimetry. Cell viability in fibroblast (NIH 3T3) and human prostate cancer (LNCaP) cell lines were studied by a standard colorimetric assay. The synthetic approach allows covalent bonding between the organic and inorganic components. The composition of the polymeric structure of hybrid nanogels was optimized to incorporate high percentages of acidic co-monomer, maintaining homogeneous nanosized distribution, achieving appropriate volume phase transition temperature values for biomedical applications, and remarkable pH response. The cytotoxicity assays show that cell viability was above 80% even at the highest nanogel concentration. Finally, we demonstrated the successful cell inhibition when they were treated with camptothecin-loaded hybrid nanogels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Micaela A. Macchione
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Villa María (CIT Villa María), CONICET-UNVM, Arturo Jauretche 1555, Villa María, Córdoba X5900LQC, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Haya de la Torre esq. Av. Medina Allende, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
- CONICET, Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada (IPQA), Av. Velez Sárfield 1611, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Dariana Aristizábal Bedoya
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Haya de la Torre esq. Av. Medina Allende, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
- CONICET, Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada (IPQA), Av. Velez Sárfield 1611, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Eva Rivero-Buceta
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. Los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Botella
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. Los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Miriam C. Strumia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Haya de la Torre esq. Av. Medina Allende, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
- CONICET, Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada (IPQA), Av. Velez Sárfield 1611, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kuznetsov AA, Novak EV, Pyanzina ES, Kantorovich SS. Structural and magnetic equilibrium properties of a semi-dilute suspension of magnetic multicore nanoparticles. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
6
|
Glitscher EA, Bergueiro J, Calderón M. Synthesis and anisotropic growth of glycerol-based thermoresponsive NIR plasmonic nanogels. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
7
|
|
8
|
Biglione C, Neumann‐Tran TMP, Kanwal S, Klinger D. Amphiphilic micro‐ and nanogels: Combining properties from internal hydrogel networks, solid particles, and micellar aggregates. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Biglione
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutical Chemistry) Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | | | - Sidra Kanwal
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutical Chemistry) Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Daniel Klinger
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutical Chemistry) Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Designing magnetic nanoparticles for in vivo applications and understanding their fate inside human body. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
10
|
Biglione C, Glitscher EA, Arora S, Klemke B, Giulbudagian M, Laux P, Luch A, Bergueiro J, Calderón M. Galvanic Replacement as a Synthetic Tool for the Construction of Anisotropic Magnetoplasmonic Nanocomposites with Synergistic Phototransducing and Magnetic Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:56839-56849. [PMID: 33290035 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoplasmonic nanomaterials, which combine light and magnetic field responsiveness in an advantageous manner, are attractive candidates for bio-nanoapplications. However, the synthetic access to such hybrid particles has been limited by the incompatibility of the iron- and gold-based lattices. In this work, we provide the first insights into a new synthetic strategy for developing magnetoplasmonic anisotropic nanocomposites with prominent phototransducing properties. In our approach, magnetic nanocubes based on an alloy of iron oxide, zinc, and silver were constructed. In a key second stage, the galvanic replacement of silver with gold atoms yielded satellite-like magnetoplasmonic anisotropic structures. Superior magnetic and photoconverting properties were observed for the novel magnetoplasmonic nanocomposites when compared with the pure parent structures. Moreover, the synergy between the magnetic and optical stimuli was examined, showing shape-dependent contributions in the magnetization experiments. More importantly, an excellent cell ablation capability upon laser irradiation was observed for the magnetoplasmonic nanocomposites compared to the pure magnetic or plasmonic controls. Further demonstration of these novel theragnostic agents as MRI contrast agents is also reported even during the light-irradiation event. Thus, the described particles showed promising properties for bioapplications emerging from the novel synthetic methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Biglione
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Emanuel A Glitscher
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Smriti Arora
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bastian Klemke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meiter Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Giulbudagian
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Laux
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Bergueiro
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marcelo Calderón
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- POLYMAT, Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| |
Collapse
|