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Lei Z, Zhao P, Guan ZJ, Nan ZA, Ehara M, Wang QM. 'Passivated Precursor' Approach to All-Alkynyl-Protected Gold Nanoclusters and Total Structure Determination of Au 130. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401094. [PMID: 38797717 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
A 'passivated precursor' approach is developed for the efficient synthesis and isolation of all-alkynyl-protected gold nanoclusters. Direct reduction of dpa-passivated precursor Au-dpa (Hdpa=2,2'-dipyridylamine) in one-pot under ambient conditions gives a series of clusters including Au22(C≡CR)18 (R=-C6H4-2-F), Au36(C≡CR)24, Au44(C≡CR)28, Au130(C≡CR)50, and Au144(C≡CR)60. These clusters can be well separated via column chromatography. The overall isolation yield of this series of clusters is 40 % (based on gold), which is much improved in comparison with previous approaches. It is notable that the molecular structure of the giant cluster Au130(C≡CR)50 is revealed, which presents important information for understanding the structure of the mysterious Au130 nanoclusters. Theoretical calculations indicated Au130(C≡CR)50 has a smaller HOMO-LUMO gap than Au130(S-C6H4-4-CH3)50. This facile and reliable synthetic approach will greatly accelerate further studies on all-alkynyl-protected gold nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Lei
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Inorganic Oxygenated Materials, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 350108, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Pei Zhao
- Research Center for Computational Science, Institute for Molecular Science, 444-8585, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Zong-Jie Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Ang Nan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Masahiro Ehara
- Research Center for Computational Science, Institute for Molecular Science, 444-8585, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
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2
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Shen Q, Cong X, Chen L, Wang L, Liu Y, Wang L, Tang Z. Synthesis, structure anatomy, and catalytic properties of Ag 14Cu 2 nanoclusters co-protected by alkynyl and phosphine ligands. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16812-16818. [PMID: 37905669 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02838k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis, structure anatomy, and catalytic properties of Ag14Cu2(CCArF)14(PPh3)4 (CCArF: 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetylene) nanoclusters, denoted as Ag14Cu2. Ag14Cu2 has a robust electronic structure with two free valence electrons, and it has a distinctive absorbance feature. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) disclosed that Ag14Cu2 possesses an octahedral Ag6 metal kernel capped by two Ag4Cu1(CCArF)7(PPh3)2 metal-ligand units. Remarkably, it exhibits excellent bifunctional catalytic performance for 4-nitrophenol reduction and the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR). In 4-nitrophenol reduction, it adopts first-order reaction kinetics with a rate constant of 0.137 min-1, while in the eCO2RR, it shows a CO faradaic efficiency (FECO) of 83.71% and a high current density of 92.65 mA cm-2 at -1.6 V vs. RHE. Moreover, Ag14Cu2 showed robust long-term stability with no significant decay in current density and FECO over 10 h of continuous operation in the eCO2RR. This study not only enriches the potpourri of alkynyl-protected bimetallic AgCu nanoclusters, but also demonstrates the great potential of employing metal nanoclusters for bifunctional catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanli Shen
- New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xuzi Cong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, China.
| | - Leyi Chen
- New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yonggang Liu
- New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Likai Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, China.
| | - Zhenghua Tang
- New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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3
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Guan ZJ, Li JJ, Hu F, Wang QM. Structural Engineering toward Gold Nanocluster Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209725. [PMID: 36169269 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atomically precise gold nanoclusters provide great opportunities to explore the relationship between the structure and properties of nanogold catalysts. A nanocluster consists of a metal core and a surface ligand shell, and both the core and shell have significant effects on the catalytic properties. Thanks to their precise structures, the active metal site of the clusters can be readily identified and the effects of ligands on catalysis can be disclosed. In this Minireview, we summarize recent advances in catalytic research of gold nanoclusters, emphasizing four strategies for constructing open metal sites, including by post-treatment, the bulky ligands strategy, the surface geometric mismatch method, and heteroatom doping procedures. We also discuss the effects of ligands on the catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability of gold cluster catalysts. Finally, we present future challenges relating to gold cluster catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Jie Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China.,Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
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4
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Hu F, Luyang HW, He RL, Guan ZJ, Yuan SF, Wang QM. Face-Centered Cubic Silver Nanoclusters Consolidated with Tetradentate Formamidinate Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19365-19371. [PMID: 36227067 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Growing attention has been paid to nanoclusters with face-centered cubic (fcc) metal kernels, due to its structural similarity to bulk metals. We demonstrate that the use of tetradentate formamidinate ligands facilitate the construction of two fcc silver nanoclusters: [Ag52(5-F-dpf)16Cl4](SbF6)2 (Ag52, 5-F-Hdpf = N,N'-di(5-fluoro-2-pyridinyl)formamidine) and [Ag53(5-Me-dpf)18](NO3)5 (Ag53, 5-Me-Hdpf = N,N'-di(5-methyl-2-pyridinyl)formamidine). Single-crystal X-ray structural analysis revealed that the silver atoms in both clusters are in a layer-by-layer arrangement, which can be viewed as a portion of the fcc packing of silver. The nitrogen donors of amidinate ligands selectively passivate the {111} facets. All silver atoms are involved in the fcc packing, that is, no staple motifs are observed due to the linear arrangement of the four N donors of the dpf ligands. The characteristic optical absorption bands of Ag52 and Ag53 have been studied with a time-dependent density functional theory. This work provides a facile access to assembling atomically precise fcc-type nanoclusters and shows the prospect of amidinates as protecting ligands in synthesizing metal nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Heng-Wang Luyang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Lin He
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Jie Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Shang-Fu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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Qasrawi AF, Baniowdah TS, Abu Samen LO. Au Nanosheets‐Assisted Structural Phase Transitions, In Situ Monitoring of the Enhanced Crystallinity, and Their Effect on the Optical and Dielectric Properties of CuSe/Au/CuSe Thin Films. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.202100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. F. Qasrawi
- Department of Physics Arab American University Jenin 11181, Palestine
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Istinye University Istanbul 34010 Turkey
| | | | - Lara O. Abu Samen
- Department of Physics Arab American University Jenin 11181, Palestine
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Li JJ, Liu Z, Guan ZJ, Han XS, Shi WQ, Wang QM. A 59-Electron Non-Magic-Number Gold Nanocluster Au 99(C≡CR) 40 Showing Unexpectedly High Stability. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:690-694. [PMID: 34994558 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An atomically resolved gold nanocluster Au99(C≡CC6H3-2,4-F2)40 (Au99) with an unusual 59 valence electrons has been synthesized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that its Au79 kernel is a Au49 Marks decahedron capped by two Au15 units. The surface structure of Au99 consists of 20 linear Au(C≡CR)2 staples. Intercluster interactions are observed between these D5 symmetric clusters. The existence of an unpaired electron is verified by magnetic measurement. Interestingly, this open-shell gold cluster Au99 stays intact in toluene solution at 80 °C for more than a week, and it has good charging-discharging capability under electrochemical conditions. The compact ligand shell protection around the symmetric core accounts for the high stability. This work suggests that geometric factors may play a crucial role in determining the stability of a metal nanocluster, even though the cluster has an open-shell electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhikun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liangxiang Campus, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Jie Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Shuang Han
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Wan-Qi Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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7
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Shi WQ, Guan ZJ, Li JJ, Han XS, Wang QM. Site-Specified Doping of Silver Atoms into Au25 Nanocluster as Directed by Ligand Binding Preference. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5148-5154. [PMID: 35655555 PMCID: PMC9093122 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00012a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time site-specific doping of silver into a spherical Au25 nanocluster has been achieved in [Au19Ag6(MeOPhS)17(PPh3)6] (BF4)2 (Au19Ag6) through a dual-ligand coordination strategy. Single crystal X-ray structural analysis shows that the cluster has a distorted centered icosahedral Au@Au6Ag6 core of D3 symmetry, in contrast to the Ih Au@Au12 kernel in the well-known [Au25(SR)18]− (R = CH2CH2Ph). An interesting feature is the coexistence of [Au2(SPhOMe)3] dimeric staples and [P–Au–SPhOMe] semi-staples in the title cluster, due to the incorporation of PPh3. The observation of only one double-charged peak in ESI-TOF-MS confirms the ordered doping of silver atoms. Au19Ag6 is a 6e system showing a distinct absorption spectrum from [Au25(SR)18]−, that is, the HOMO–LUMO transition of Au19Ag6 is optically forbidden due to the P character of the superatomic frontier orbitals. For the first time site-specific doping of silver into a spherical Au25 nanocluster has been achieved in [Au19Ag6(MeOPhS)17(PPh3)6] (BF4)2. It is a 6e system showing quite a different absorption spectrum from [Au25(SR)18]−.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Qi Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 PR China
| | - Zong-Jie Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 PR China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 PR China
| | - Xu-Shuang Han
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 PR China
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 PR China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 PR China
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8
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Ma H, Wang J, Zhang XD. Near-infrared II emissive metal clusters: From atom physics to biomedicine. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Ito S, Koyasu K, Takano S, Tsukuda T. Critical Role of CF 3 Groups in the Electronic Stabilization of [PdAu 24(C≡CC 6H 3(CF 3) 2) 18] 2- as Revealed by Gas-Phase Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:10417-10421. [PMID: 34672585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The role of alkynyl ligands with electron-withdrawing nature in the stability of metal clusters was investigated by gas-phase anion photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) on heteroleptic cluster anions [PdAu24(C≡CArF)18-x(C≡CPh)x]2- (ArF = 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3). Gas-phase PES on the cluster anions with specific x (= 0-6) revealed that electron binding energies decreased linearly with x, indicating that the electron-withdrawing CF3 substituents on the alkynyl ligand played a critical role in the electronic stabilization of [PdAu24(C≡CArF)18]2-. Density functional theory calculations reproduced the decrease of electron binding energies and rationally explained the ligand effect by a mechanism similar to the modulation of the work function of gold films by organic monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Ito
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kiichirou Koyasu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Takano
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
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10
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Hu F, Guan ZJ, Yang G, Wang JQ, Li JJ, Yuan SF, Liang GJ, Wang QM. Molecular Gold Nanocluster Au 156 Showing Metallic Electron Dynamics. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17059-17067. [PMID: 34609874 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The boundary between molecular and metallic gold nanoclusters is of special interest. The difficulty in obtaining atomically precise nanoclusters larger than 2 nm limits the determination of such a boundary. The synthesis and total structural determination of the largest all-alkynyl-protected gold nanocluster (Ph4P)6[Au156(C≡CR)60] (R = 4-CF3C6H4-) (Au156) are reported. It presents an ideal platform for studying the relationship between the structure and the metallic nature. Au156 has a rod shape with the length and width of the kernel being 2.38 and 2.04 nm, respectively. The cluster contains a concentric Au126 core structure (Au46@Au50@Au30) protected by 30 linear RC≡C-Au-C≡CR staple motifs. It is interesting that Au156 displays multiple excitonic peaks in the steady-state absorption spectrum (molecular) and pump-power-dependent excited-state dynamics as revealed in the transient absorption spectrum (metallic), which indicates that Au156 is a critical crossover cluster for the transition from molecular to metallic state. Au156 is the smallest-sized gold nanocluster showing metal-like electron dynamics, and it is recognized that the cluster shape is one of the important factors determining the molecular or metallic nature of a gold nanocluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Zong-Jie Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Gaoyuan Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Shang-Fu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Jie Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, P.R. China
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
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11
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Pandeya P, Senanayake RD, Aikens CM. Nonradiative relaxation dynamics in the [Au 25-nAg n(SH) 18] -1 (n = 1, 12, 25) thiolate-protected nanoclusters. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:184303. [PMID: 34241036 DOI: 10.1063/5.0045590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of the electron-nuclear dynamics and relaxation mechanisms of gold and silver nanoclusters and their alloys is important for future photocatalytic, light harvesting, and photoluminescence applications of these systems. In this work, the effect of silver doping on the nonradiative excited state relaxation dynamics of the atomically precise thiolate-protected gold nanocluster [Au25-nAgn(SH)18]-1 (n = 1, 12, 25) is studied theoretically. Time-dependent density functional theory is used to study excited states lying in the energy range 0.0-2.5 eV. The fewest switches surface hopping method with decoherence correction was used to investigate the dynamics of these states. The HOMO-LUMO gap increases significantly upon doping of 12 silver atoms but decreases for the pure silver nanocluster. Doped clusters show a different response for ground state population increase lifetimes and excited state population decay times in comparison to the undoped system. The ground state recovery times of the S1-S6 states in the first excited peak were found to be longer for [Au13Ag12(SH)18]-1 than the corresponding recovery times of other studied nanoclusters, suggesting that this partially doped nanocluster is best for preserving electrons in an excited state. The decay time constants were in the range of 2.0-20 ps for the six lowest energy excited states. Among the higher excited states, S7 has the slowest decay time constant although it occurs more quickly than S1 decay. Overall, these clusters follow common decay time constant trends and relaxation mechanisms due to the similarities in their electronic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Pandeya
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | | | - Christine M Aikens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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12
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Li JJ, Guan ZJ, Yuan SF, Hu F, Wang QM. Enriching Structural Diversity of Alkynyl-Protected Gold Nanoclusters with Chlorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6699-6703. [PMID: 33336534 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and isolation of alkynyl/chloride-protected gold nanoclusters is described. Silica gel column chromatography is effective in isolating gold nanoclusters from the as-synthesized cluster mixture to give the clusters Na[Au25 L18 ] (Au25 ), [HNEt3 ]3 [Au67 L32 Cl4 ] (Au67 ), [HNEt3 ]4 [Au106 L40 Cl12 ] (Au106 ), L=3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-phenylacetylide. Au67 and Au106 are new clusters; the structures were determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Au67 contains a distorted Au18 Marks decahedron shelled by an irregular Au32 and further protected with two V-shaped Au2 L3 , 13 linear AuL2 staples and 4 chlorides. Au67 is the first structurally determined 34e superatomic gold nanocluster. Au106 is composed of 106 Au atoms co-protected by alkynyls and chlorides. It has a Au79 kernel, like in Au102 (p-MBA)44 . The surface structure of Au106 includes 20 linear Au-alkynyl staples, 5 Cl-Au-Cl and 2 Cl-Au motifs. These three gold nanoclusters show size-dependent electrochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Jie Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Shang-Fu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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13
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Li J, Guan Z, Yuan S, Hu F, Wang Q. Enriching Structural Diversity of Alkynyl‐Protected Gold Nanoclusters with Chlorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao‐Jiao Li
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Zong‐Jie Guan
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Shang‐Fu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Quan‐Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
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14
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Ma X, Tang Y, Ma G, Qin L, Tang Z. Controllable synthesis and formation mechanism study of homoleptic alkynyl-protected Au nanoclusters: recent advances, grand challenges, and great opportunities. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:602-614. [PMID: 33410856 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07499c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, atomically precise coinage metal nanoclusters have been a subject of major interest in nanoscience and nanotechnology because of their determined compositions and well-defined molecular structures, which are beneficial for establishing structure-property relationships. Recently ligand engineering has been extended to alkynyl molecules. Homoleptic alkynyl-protected Au nanoclusters (Au NCs) have emerged as a hotspot of research interest, mainly due to their unique optical properties, molecular configuration, and catalytic functionalities, and more importantly, they are used as a counterpart object for fundamental study to compare with the well-established thiolate Au NCs. In this review, we first summarize the recently reported various controllable synthetic strategies for atomically precise homoleptic-alkynyl-protected Au NCs, with particular emphasis on the ligand exchange method, direct reduction of the precursor, one-pot synthesis, and the synchronous nucleation and passivation strategy. After that, we switch our focus to the formation mechanism and structure evolution process of homoleptic alkynyl-protected Au NCs, where Au144(PA)60 and Au36(PA)24 (PA = phenylacetylide) are given as examples, along with the prediction of the possible formation mechanism of some other cluster molecules. In the end of this review, the outlook and perspective of this rapidly developing field including grand challenges and great opportunities are discussed. This review can stimulate more research efforts towards developing new synthetic strategies to enrich the limited examples and unravel the formation/growth mechanism of homoleptic alkynyl-protected Au NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Ma
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Surface Chemistry of Energy Materials and New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Yun Tang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Surface Chemistry of Energy Materials and New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Guanyu Ma
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Surface Chemistry of Energy Materials and New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Lubing Qin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Surface Chemistry of Energy Materials and New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Zhenghua Tang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Surface Chemistry of Energy Materials and New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China. and Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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15
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Qin Z, Sharma S, Wan C, Malola S, Xu W, Häkkinen H, Li G. A Homoleptic Alkynyl‐Ligated [Au
13
Ag
16
L
24
]
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Cluster as a Catalytically Active Eight‐Electron Superatom. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxian Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices Department of Chemistry Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Sachil Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Chong‐qing Wan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices Department of Chemistry Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Sami Malola
- Departments of Physics and Chemistry, Nanoscience Center University of Jyväskylä 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Wen‐wu Xu
- Department of Physics School of Physical Science and Technology Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Hannu Häkkinen
- Departments of Physics and Chemistry, Nanoscience Center University of Jyväskylä 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Gao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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16
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Qin Z, Sharma S, Wan C, Malola S, Xu W, Häkkinen H, Li G. A Homoleptic Alkynyl‐Ligated [Au
13
Ag
16
L
24
]
3−
Cluster as a Catalytically Active Eight‐Electron Superatom. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:970-975. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxian Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices Department of Chemistry Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Sachil Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Chong‐qing Wan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices Department of Chemistry Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Sami Malola
- Departments of Physics and Chemistry, Nanoscience Center University of Jyväskylä 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Wen‐wu Xu
- Department of Physics School of Physical Science and Technology Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Hannu Häkkinen
- Departments of Physics and Chemistry, Nanoscience Center University of Jyväskylä 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Gao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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17
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Li Y, Cowan MJ, Zhou M, Luo TY, Song Y, Wang H, Rosi NL, Mpourmpakis G, Jin R. Atom-by-Atom Evolution of the Same Ligand-Protected Au 21, Au 22, Au 22Cd 1, and Au 24 Nanocluster Series. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20426-20433. [PMID: 33170677 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atom-by-atom manipulation on metal nanoclusters (NCs) has long been desired, as the resulting series of NCs can provide insightful understanding of how a single atom affects the structure and properties as well as the evolution with size. Here, we report crystallizations of Au22(SAdm)16 and Au22Cd1(SAdm)16 (SAdm = adamantanethiolate) which link up with Au21(SAdm)15 and Au24(SAdm)16 NCs and form an atom-by-atom evolving series protected by the same ligand. Structurally, Au22(SAdm)16 has an Au3(SAdm)4 surface motif which is longer than the Au2(SAdm)3 on Au21(SAdm)15, whereas Au22Cd1(SAdm)16 lacks one staple Au atom compared to Au24(SAdm)16 and thus the surface structure is reconstructed. A single Cd atom triggers the structural transition from Au22 with a 10-atom bioctahedral kernel to Au22Cd1 with a 13-atom cuboctahedral kernel, and correspondingly, the optical properties are dramatically changed. The photoexcited carrier lifetime demonstrates that the optical properties and excited state relaxation are highly sensitive at the single atom level. By contrast, little change in both ionization potential and electron affinity is found in this series of NCs by theoretical calculations, indicating the electronic properties are independent of adding a single atom in this series. The work provides a paradigm that the NCs with continuous metal atom numbers are accessible and crystallizable when meticulously designed, and the optical properties are more affected at the single atom level than the electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael J Cowan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Tian-Yi Luo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Yongbo Song
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - He Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Nathaniel L Rosi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Giannis Mpourmpakis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Ma X, Ma G, Qin L, Chen G, Chen S, Tang Z. A synchronous nucleation and passivation strategy for controllable synthesis of Au36(PA)24: unveiling the formation process and the role of Au22(PA)18 intermediate. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9819-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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