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Chen Z, Zhou X, Mo M, Hu X, Liu J, Chen L. Systematic review of the osteogenic effect of rare earth nanomaterials and the underlying mechanisms. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:185. [PMID: 38627717 PMCID: PMC11020458 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Rare earth nanomaterials (RE NMs), which are based on rare earth elements, have emerged as remarkable biomaterials for use in bone regeneration. The effects of RE NMs on osteogenesis, such as promoting the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, have been investigated. However, the contributions of the properties of RE NMs to bone regeneration and their interactions with various cell types during osteogenesis have not been reviewed. Here, we review the crucial roles of the physicochemical and biological properties of RE NMs and focus on their osteogenic mechanisms. RE NMs directly promote the proliferation, adhesion, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. They also increase collagen secretion and mineralization to accelerate osteogenesis. Furthermore, RE NMs inhibit osteoclast formation and regulate the immune environment by modulating macrophages and promote angiogenesis by inducing hypoxia in endothelial cells. These effects create a microenvironment that is conducive to bone formation. This review will help researchers overcome current limitations to take full advantage of the osteogenic benefits of RE NMs and will suggest a potential approach for further osteogenesis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohe Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minhua Mo
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Liangjiao Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Wu L, Yang F, Xue Y, Gu R, Liu H, Xia D, Liu Y. The biological functions of europium-containing biomaterials: A systematic review. Mater Today Bio 2023; 19:100595. [PMID: 36910271 PMCID: PMC9996443 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological functions of rare-earth elements (REEs) have become a focus of intense research. Recent studies have demonstrated that ion doping or alloying of some REEs can optimize the properties of traditional biomaterials. Europium (Eu), which is an REE with low toxicity and good biocompatibility, has promising applications in biomedicine. This article systematically reviews the osteogenic, angiogenic, neuritogenic, antibacterial, and anti-tumor properties of Eu-containing biomaterials, thereby paving the way for biomedical applications of Eu. Data collection for this review was completed in October 2022, and 30 relevant articles were finally included. Most articles indicated that doping of Eu ions or Eu-compound nanoparticles in biomaterials can improve their osteogenic, angiogenic, neuritogenic, antibacterial, and anti-tumor properties. The angiogenic, antibacterial, and potential neuritogenic effects of Eu(OH)3 nanoparticles have also been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likun Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yijia Xue
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ranli Gu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Dandan Xia
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, China
- Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Corresponding author. Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yunsong Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, China
- Corresponding author. Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
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De Lama-Odría MDC, del Valle LJ, Puiggalí J. Lanthanides-Substituted Hydroxyapatite for Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3446. [PMID: 36834858 PMCID: PMC9965831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lately, there has been an increasing demand for materials that could improve tissue regenerative therapies and provide antimicrobial effects. Similarly, there is a growing need to develop or modify biomaterials for the diagnosis and treatment of different pathologies. In this scenario, hydroxyapatite (HAp) appears as a bioceramic with extended functionalities. Nevertheless, there are certain disadvantages related to the mechanical properties and lack of antimicrobial capacity. To circumvent them, the doping of HAp with a variety of cationic ions is emerging as a good alterative due to the different biological roles of each ion. Among many elements, lanthanides are understudied despite their great potential in the biomedical field. For this reason, the present review focuses on the biological benefits of lanthanides and how their incorporation into HAp can alter its morphology and physical properties. A comprehensive section of the applications of lanthanides-substituted HAp nanoparticles (HAp NPs) is presented to unveil the potential biomedical uses of these systems. Finally, the need to study the tolerable and non-toxic percentages of substitution with these elements is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Carmen De Lama-Odría
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany 10–14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis J. del Valle
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany 10–14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10–14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Puiggalí
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany 10–14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10–14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer Baldiri i Reixac 11–15, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Qiu E, Gong Y, Yao J, Lai J, Liu Z, Yang DP, Shen L, Chen X. A dual aperture (mesoporous and macroporous) system loaded with cell-free fat extract to optimize bone regeneration microenvironment. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:826-836. [PMID: 36601875 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01980a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Injured bone regeneration requires a systemically and carefully orchestrated series of events involving inflammation, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis. Thus, we designed a multifunctional cell-supporting and drug-retarding dual-pore system: cell-free fat extract (Ceffe)-mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN)@poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) (Ceffe-MSN@PLGA) to mimic the developmental spatial structure, the microenvironment of bone regeneration and integration during injured bone regeneration. In this system, a macroporous scaffold (pore size 200-250 μm) of PLGA is combined with mesoporous MSN (pore size 2-50 nm), aiming at realizing the slow release of Ceffe. Besides, PLGA and MSN are used to recruit the temporary support of cells that are able to degrade simultaneously with bone regeneration and provide space for bone tissue regeneration. And the Ceffe isolated from fresh human adipose tissue has a therapeutic effect in regulating the important functions of early inflammatory cell transformation, neovascularization and eventual osteogenic differentiation. Our results suggest that the mesoporous and macroporous Ceffe-MSN@PLGA system represents a promising strategy to better fit the regeneration of injured bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enhui Qiu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian 362000, China.
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Jieran Yao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian 362000, China.
| | - Jinqing Lai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian 362000, China.
| | - Zhihua Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian 362000, China.
| | - Da-Peng Yang
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, P. R. China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Xiangrong Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian 362000, China.
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Guler S, Eichholz K, Chariyev-Prinz F, Pitacco P, Aydin HM, Kelly DJ, Vargel İ. Biofabrication of Poly(glycerol sebacate) Scaffolds Functionalized with a Decellularized Bone Extracellular Matrix for Bone Tissue Engineering. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:bioengineering10010030. [PMID: 36671602 PMCID: PMC9854839 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The microarchitecture of bone tissue engineering (BTE) scaffolds has been shown to have a direct effect on the osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and bone tissue regeneration. Poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) is a promising polymer that can be tailored to have specific mechanical properties, as well as be used to create microenvironments that are relevant in the context of BTE applications. In this study, we utilized PGS elastomer for the fabrication of a biocompatible and bioactive scaffold for BTE, with tissue-specific cues and a suitable microstructure for the osteogenic lineage commitment of MSCs. In order to achieve this, the PGS was functionalized with a decellularized bone (deB) extracellular matrix (ECM) (14% and 28% by weight) to enhance its osteoinductive potential. Two different pore sizes were fabricated (small: 100-150 μm and large: 250-355 μm) to determine a preferred pore size for in vitro osteogenesis. The decellularized bone ECM functionalization of the PGS not only improved initial cell attachment and osteogenesis but also enhanced the mechanical strength of the scaffold by up to 165 kPa. Furthermore, the constructs were also successfully tailored with an enhanced degradation rate/pH change and wettability. The highest bone-inserted small-pore scaffold had a 12% endpoint weight loss, and the pH was measured at around 7.14. The in vitro osteogenic differentiation of the MSCs in the PGS-deB blends revealed a better lineage commitment of the small-pore-sized and 28% (w/w) bone-inserted scaffolds, as evidenced by calcium quantification, ALP expression, and alizarin red staining. This study demonstrates a suitable pore size and amount of decellularized bone ECM for osteoinduction via precisely tailored PGS elastomer BTE scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selcan Guler
- Bioengineering Division, Institute of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kian Eichholz
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Farhad Chariyev-Prinz
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pierluca Pitacco
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Halil Murat Aydin
- Bioengineering Division, Institute of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Daniel J. Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, D02 F6N2 Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - İbrahim Vargel
- Bioengineering Division, Institute of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hacettepe University Hospitals, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
- Correspondence:
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Chen M, Chen Y, Wei C. Nanoparticles based composite coatings with tunable vascular endothelial growth factor and bone morphogenetic protein-2 release for bone regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 111:1044-1053. [PMID: 36565172 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bone healing is a complex cascade involving precisely coordinated spatiotemporal presentation of multiple growth factors (GFs), including osteogenic and angiogenic GFs, and each stage of bone healing requires varying types and content of GFs. In this study, we fabricated a composite nanocoating with tunable vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) that was coated on the surface of a polydopamine (PDA)-decorated tertiary calcium phosphate (TCP) scaffold using VEGF-loaded chitosan/bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (CS/BSA-NPs) and BMP-2-loaded poly-L-lysine/oxidized alginate nanoparticles (PLL/OALG-NPs). It was found that VEGF could be efficiently released to promote vascularization in early bone repair stages due to the rapid biodegradation of CS/BSA-NPs, while bone formation can be promoted by a sustained release of BMP-2 from the slowly degrading PLL/OALG-NPs. The composite coating and TCP scaffold can be conjugated due to the excellent adhesive property of PDA. The composite coating can achieve the rapid release of VEGF and sustained release of BMP-2, which can activate GFs for accelerating bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Surgery, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Cheng Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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7
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Kee CC, Ng K, Ang BC, Metselaar HSC. Synthesis, characterization and in-vitro biocompatibility of electrophoretic deposited europium-doped calcium silicate on titanium substrate. Ann Ital Chir 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Physicochemical Characterization of Europium-Doped Hydroxyapatite Thin Films with Antifungal Activity. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12030306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Owing to its unique biological and physicochemical properties, hydroxyapatite (HAp) represents one of the most extensively studied biomaterials for biomedical applications. It is well known that Candida is currently one of the fungi frequently involved in the onset and development of post-implant infections and, owing to the appearance of antifungal resistance, it is quite difficult to treat despite all the tremendous efforts made in this regard by the scientific world. Therefore, in this context, we report for the first time in this paper, the development and characterization of europium-doped thin films (5EuHAp, xEu = 0.05) on a Si substrate by a spin-coating method. The results of ultrasound (US), zeta (ζ) potential, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies are presented. The XRD studies conducted on 5EuHAp suspension revealed the nanometric dimensions of the particles and sample purity. In addition, a moderate stability of the 5EuHAp suspension was observed. XPS measurements revealed the presence of Eu 3d in the 5EuHAp thin films. In the SEM micrographs, the surface uniformity and the absence of the surface defects could be observed. Moreover, the results of the FTIR studies showed the presence of the vibrational bands specific to the HAp structure in the studied sample. The antifungal activity of the HAp and 5EuHAp suspensions and coatings was evaluated using the Candida albicans ATCC 10231 (C. albicans) fungal strain. The qualitative assays of the antifungal properties of HAp and 5EuHAp coatings were also visualized by SEM and CLSM. The antifungal studies revealed that both 5EuHAp suspensions and coatings exhibited noticeable antifungal activity against C. albicans cells.
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Crystallographic analysis of biphasic hydroxyapatite synthesized by different methods: an appraisal between new and existing models. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01949-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Litowczenko J, Woźniak-Budych MJ, Staszak K, Wieszczycka K, Jurga S, Tylkowski B. Milestones and current achievements in development of multifunctional bioscaffolds for medical application. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2412-2438. [PMID: 33553825 PMCID: PMC7847813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) is a rapidly growing interdisciplinary field, which aims to restore or improve lost tissue function. Despite that TE was introduced more than 20 years ago, innovative and more sophisticated trends and technologies point to new challenges and development. Current challenges involve the demand for multifunctional bioscaffolds which can stimulate tissue regrowth by biochemical curves, biomimetic patterns, active agents and proper cell types. For those purposes especially promising are carefully chosen primary cells or stem cells due to its high proliferative and differentiation potential. This review summarized a variety of recently reported advanced bioscaffolds which present new functions by combining polymers, nanomaterials, bioactive agents and cells depending on its desired application. In particular necessity of study biomaterial-cell interactions with in vitro cell culture models, and studies using animals with in vivo systems were discuss to permit the analysis of full material biocompatibility. Although these bioscaffolds have shown a significant therapeutic effect in nervous, cardiovascular and muscle, tissue engineering, there are still many remaining unsolved challenges for scaffolds improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Litowczenko
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta J. Woźniak-Budych
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Staszak
- Institute of Technology and Chemical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Berdychowo 4, Poznan, Poland
| | - Karolina Wieszczycka
- Institute of Technology and Chemical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Berdychowo 4, Poznan, Poland
| | - Stefan Jurga
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, Poznan, Poland
| | - Bartosz Tylkowski
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Chemical Technologies Unit, Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
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Improvement of Drug-Loading Properties of Hydroxyapatite Particles Using Triethylamine as a Capping Agent: A Novel Approach. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11060703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Particles that modify delivery characteristics are a focus of drug-loading research. Hydroxyapatite particles (HAPs) have excellent biocompatibility, shape controllability, and high adsorption, making them a potential candidate for drug-delivery carriers. However, there are still some defects in the current methods used to prepare HAPs. In order to avoid agglomeration and improve the drug-loading properties of HAPs, the present study provides a novel triethylamine (TEA)-capped coprecipitation template method to prepare HAPs at room temperature. In addition, pure water and anhydrous ethanol were used as solvents to investigate the capping effect of the small-molecule capping agent TEA during the synthesis of HAPs. The results showed that the HAPs prepared in the TEA ethanol system had a smaller particle size (150–250 nm), better dispersion and higher crystallinity. The results were significantly different from those of the conventional preparation methods without TEA. However, the hydroxyapatite crystal would agglomerate to a certain extent after being stored for a period of time, forming micro/nano-sized agglomerates of nanocrystals. FITR analysis and SEM observation showed that the capping effect of TEA promoted the formation of a smaller template and dispersed HAPs were quickly formed by dissolution and reprecipitation processes. The drug-loading experiments showed that the HAPs prepared in the TEA ethanol system had high drug-loading capacity (239.8 ± 13.4 mg·g−1) as well as an improved drug-release profile demonstrated in the drug-release experiment. The larger specific surface area associated with the smaller particle size was beneficial to the adsorption of drugs. After drying at 60 °C, TEA was evaporated from the HAPs which agglomerated into larger micron particles with more drug encapsulated. Thus, the effect of a sustained release was achieved. In the present research, a novel approach was developed by using triethylamine as the capping agent to prepare micro/nano-sized agglomerates of HAP nanocrystals with improved drug loading, which is predicted to have potential application in drug delivery.
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