1
|
Lasseter J, Gellerup S, Ghosh S, Yun SJ, Vasudevan R, Unocic RR, Olunloyo O, Retterer ST, Xiao K, Randolph SJ, Rack PD. Selected Area Manipulation of MoS 2 via Focused Electron Beam-Induced Etching for Nanoscale Device Editing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:9144-9154. [PMID: 38346142 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate direct-write patterning of single and multilayer MoS2 via a focused electron beam-induced etching (FEBIE) process mediated with the XeF2 precursor. MoS2 etching is performed at various currents, areal doses, on different substrates, and characterized using scanning electron and atomic force microscopies as well as Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies. Scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals a sub-40 nm etching resolution and the progression of point defects and lateral etching of the consequent unsaturated bonds. The results confirm that the electron beam-induced etching process is minimally invasive to the underlying material in comparison to ion beam techniques, which damage the subsurface material. Single-layer MoS2 field-effect transistors are fabricated, and device characteristics are compared for channels that are edited via the selected area etching process. The source-drain current at constant gate and source-drain voltage scale linearly with the edited channel width. Moreover, the mobility of the narrowest channel width decreases, suggesting that backscattered and secondary electrons collaterally affect the periphery of the removed area. Focused electron beam doses on single-layer transistors below the etching threshold were also explored as a means to modify/thin the channel layer. The FEBIE exposures showed demonstrative effects via the transistor transfer characteristics, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. While strategies to minimize backscattered and secondary electron interactions outside of the scanned regions require further investigation, here, we show that FEBIE is a viable approach for selective nanoscale editing of MoS2 devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Lasseter
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Spencer Gellerup
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Seok Joon Yun
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Rama Vasudevan
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Raymond R Unocic
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Olugbenga Olunloyo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Scott T Retterer
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Kai Xiao
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Steven J Randolph
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Philip D Rack
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alves WA, King GM, Guha S. Looking into a crystal ball: printing and patterning self-assembled peptide nanostructures. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:15607-15616. [PMID: 36268821 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03750e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The solution processability of organic semiconductors and conjugated polymers along with the advent of nanomaterials as conducting inks have revolutionized next-generation flexible consumer electronics. Another equally important class of nanomaterials, self-assembled peptides, heralded as next-generation materials for bioelectronics, have a lot of potential in printed technology. In this minireview, we address the self-assembly process in dipeptides, their application in electronics, and recent progress in three-dimensional printing. The prospect of a generalizable path for nanopatterning self-assembled peptides using ice lithography and its challenges are further discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendel A Alves
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, 09219-580 Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gavin M King
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
- Joint with Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Suchismita Guha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yao G, Zhao D, Hong Y, Zheng R, Qiu M. Ice-assisted electron-beam lithography for MoS 2 transistors with extremely low-energy electrons. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:2479-2483. [PMID: 36134129 PMCID: PMC9417924 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00159d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ice-assisted electron-beam lithography (iEBL) by patterning ice with a focused electron-beam has emerged as a green nanofabrication technique for building nanostructures on diverse substrates. However, materials like atomically thin molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), can be easily damaged by electron irradiation. To ensure the performance of devices based on sensitive materials, it is critical to control electron-beam induced radiolysis in iEBL processes. In this paper, we demonstrate that electron-beam patterning with extremely low-energy electrons followed by a heating process can significantly reduce the damage to substrate materials. A thin film of water ice not only acts as a sacrificial layer for patterning but also becomes a protecting layer for the underlying materials. As a result, MoS2 field effect transistors with back-gate configuration and ohmic contacts have been successfully fabricated. Moreover, the presence or absence of such a protecting layer can lead to the retention or destruction of the underlying MoS2, which provides a flexible method for creating electrical insulation or connection on 2D materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangnan Yao
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University Hangzhou 310024 China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Ding Zhao
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University Hangzhou 310024 China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Yu Hong
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University Hangzhou 310024 China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Min Qiu
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University Hangzhou 310024 China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study Hangzhou 310024 China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu X, Chen X, Yang R, Zhan J, Ren Y, Li K. Recent Advances on Tuning the Interlayer Coupling and Properties in van der Waals Heterostructures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105877. [PMID: 35044721 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
2D van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures are receiving increasing research attention due to the theoretically amazing properties and unprecedented application potential. However, the as-synthesized heterostructures are generally underperforming due to the weak interlayer coupling, which inspires the researchers to find ways to modulate the interlayer coupling and properties, realizing the tailored performance for actual applications. There have been a lot of publications regarding the controllable regulation of the structures and properties of 2D vdW heterostructures in the past few years, while a review work summarizing the current advances is not yet available, though it is significant. This paper conducts a state-of-the-art review regarding the current research progress of performance modulation of vdW heterostructures by different techniques. First, the general synthesis methods of vdW heterostructures are summarized. Then, different performance modulation techniques, that is, mechanical-based, external fields-assisted, and particle beam irradiation-based methods, are discussed and compared in detail. Some of the newly proposed concepts are described. Thereafter, applications of vdW heterostructures with tailored properties are reviewed for the application prospects of the topic around this area. Moreover, the future research challenges and prospects are discussed, aiming at triggering more research interest and device applications around this topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519082, China
| | - Xiyue Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519082, China
| | - Ruxue Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519082, China
| | - Jianbin Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yingzhi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Metal Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing), Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Haque RI, Waafi AK, Jaemin K, Briand D, Han A. 80 K cryogenic stage for ice lithography. MICRO AND NANO ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mne.2021.100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
6
|
Jia L, Wu J, Zhang Y, Qu Y, Jia B, Chen Z, Moss DJ. Fabrication Technologies for the On-Chip Integration of 2D Materials. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2101435. [PMID: 34994111 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With compact footprint, low energy consumption, high scalability, and mass producibility, chip-scale integrated devices are an indispensable part of modern technological change and development. Recent advances in 2D layered materials with their unique structures and distinctive properties have motivated their on-chip integration, yielding a variety of functional devices with superior performance and new features. To realize integrated devices incorporating 2D materials, it requires a diverse range of device fabrication techniques, which are of fundamental importance to achieve good performance and high reproducibility. This paper reviews the state-of-art fabrication techniques for the on-chip integration of 2D materials. First, an overview of the material properties and on-chip applications of 2D materials is provided. Second, different approaches used for integrating 2D materials on chips are comprehensively reviewed, which are categorized into material synthesis, on-chip transfer, film patterning, and property tuning/modification. Third, the methods for integrating 2D van der Waals heterostructures are also discussed and summarized. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linnan Jia
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Jiayang Wu
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Yang Qu
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Baohua Jia
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Zhigang Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA
| | - David J Moss
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ta HQ, Mendes RG, Liu Y, Yang X, Luo J, Bachmatiuk A, Gemming T, Zeng M, Fu L, Liu L, Rümmeli MH. In Situ Fabrication of Freestanding Single-Atom-Thick 2D Metal/Metallene and 2D Metal/ Metallene Oxide Membranes: Recent Developments. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100619. [PMID: 34459155 PMCID: PMC8529443 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted a lot of research interest as they exhibit several fascinating properties. However, outside of 2D materials derived from van der Waals layered bulk materials only a few other such materials are realized, and it remains difficult to confirm their 2D freestanding structure. Despite that, many metals are predicted to exist as 2D systems. In this review, the authors summarize the recent progress made in the synthesis and characterization of these 2D metals, so called metallenes, and their oxide forms, metallene oxides as free standing 2D structures formed in situ through the use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning TEM (STEM) to synthesize these materials. Two primary approaches for forming freestanding monoatomic metallic membranes are identified. In the first, graphene pores as a means to suspend the metallene or metallene oxide and in the second, electron-beam sputtering for the selective etching of metal alloys or thick complex initial materials is employed to obtain freestanding single-atom-thick 2D metal. The data show a growing number of 2D metals/metallenes and 2D metal/ metallene oxides having been confirmed and point to a bright future for further discoveries of these 2D materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huy Q. Ta
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationsCollege of EnergyCollaborative Innovation Center of SuzhouNano Science and TechnologyKey Laboratory of Advanced Carbon MaterialsWearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu ProvinceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
- Institute for Complex MaterialsIFW DresdenP.O. Box D‐01171DresdenGermany
| | - Rafael G. Mendes
- Institute for Complex MaterialsIFW DresdenP.O. Box D‐01171DresdenGermany
| | - Yu Liu
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationsCollege of EnergyCollaborative Innovation Center of SuzhouNano Science and TechnologyKey Laboratory of Advanced Carbon MaterialsWearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu ProvinceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
| | - Xiaoqin Yang
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationsCollege of EnergyCollaborative Innovation Center of SuzhouNano Science and TechnologyKey Laboratory of Advanced Carbon MaterialsWearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu ProvinceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
- School of Energy and Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityNo. 28, Xianning West RoadXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Jingping Luo
- School of Energy and Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityNo. 28, Xianning West RoadXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Alicja Bachmatiuk
- Material Science & Engineering CenterŁukasiewicz Research Network – PORT Polish Center for Technology DevelopmentUl. Stabłowicka 147Wrocław54‐066Poland
| | - Thomas Gemming
- Institute for Complex MaterialsIFW DresdenP.O. Box D‐01171DresdenGermany
| | - Mengqi Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular ScienceWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Lei Fu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular ScienceWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Lijun Liu
- School of Energy and Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityNo. 28, Xianning West RoadXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Mark H. Rümmeli
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationsCollege of EnergyCollaborative Innovation Center of SuzhouNano Science and TechnologyKey Laboratory of Advanced Carbon MaterialsWearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu ProvinceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
- Institute for Complex MaterialsIFW DresdenP.O. Box D‐01171DresdenGermany
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon MaterialsPolish Academy of SciencesM. Curie‐Sklodowskiej 34Zabrze41‐819Poland
- Center for Energy and Environmental TechnologiesVSB‐Technical University of Ostrava17. Listopadu 15Ostrava708 33Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen X, Kohring M, Assebban M, Tywoniuk B, Bartlam C, Moses Badlyan N, Maultzsch J, Duesberg GS, Weber HB, Knirsch KC, Hirsch A. Covalent Patterning of 2D MoS 2. Chemistry 2021; 27:13117-13122. [PMID: 34357651 PMCID: PMC8518675 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of an efficient method to patterning 2D MoS2 into a desired topographic structure is of particular importance to bridge the way towards the ultimate device. Herein, we demonstrate a patterning strategy by combining the electron beam lithography with the surface covalent functionalization. This strategy allows us to generate delicate MoS2 ribbon patterns with a minimum feature size of 2 μm in a high throughput rate. The patterned monolayer MoS2 domain consists of a spatially well‐defined heterophase homojunction and alternately distributed surface characteristics, which holds great interest for further exploration of MoS2 based devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Malte Kohring
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstr.7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M'hamed Assebban
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bartłomiej Tywoniuk
- Institute of Physics, EIT 2, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Universität der Bundeswehr, 85579, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Cian Bartlam
- Institute of Physics, EIT 2, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Universität der Bundeswehr, 85579, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Narine Moses Badlyan
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstr.7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Janina Maultzsch
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstr.7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg S Duesberg
- Institute of Physics, EIT 2, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Universität der Bundeswehr, 85579, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Heiko B Weber
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstr.7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kathrin C Knirsch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|