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Roberts NM, Sharp JS. Piezoelectric excitation and acoustic detection of thin film polymer membrane vibrations. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:014802. [PMID: 38366513 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.014802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
A simple method of measuring the vibrational response of a thin film membrane was developed. Piezoelectric excitation and acoustic detection (using a microphone) allowed the vibrational spectra of thin membranes to be measured in the kHz range. Vibrational frequencies were used to determine Young's modulus in thin (µm) solvent tensioned films of polydimethylsiloxane and to measure tension in ultrathin polystyrene films. Simulations of membrane motion generated vibrational spectra that agreed with the results of experiments for different membrane shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel M Roberts
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - James S Sharp
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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Yu H, Shang Y, Hu Y, Pei L, Zhang G. Transport Property of Wrinkled Graphene Nanoribbon Tuned by Spin-Polarized Gate Made of Vanadium-Benzene Nanowire. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2270. [PMID: 37570586 PMCID: PMC10421401 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
A series of four-terminal V7(Bz)8-WGNR devices were established with wrinkled graphene nanoribbon (WGNR) and vanadium-benzene nanowire (V7(Bz)8). The spin-polarized V7(Bz)8 as the gate channel was placed crossing the plane, the concave (endo-positioned) and the convex (endo-positioned) surface of WGNR with different curvatures via Van der Waals interaction. The density functional theory (DFT) and nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) methods were adopted to calculate the transport properties of these devices at various bias voltages (VS) and gate voltages (VG), such as the conductance, spin-polarized currents, transmission spectra (TS), local density of states (LDOS), and scattering states. The results indicate that the position of V7(Bz)8 and the bending curvature of WGNR play important roles in tuning the transport properties of these four-terminal devices. A spin-polarized transport property is induced for these four-terminal devices by the spin-polarized nature of V7(Bz)8. Particularly, the down-spin channel disturbs strongly on the source-to-drain conductance of WGNR when V7(Bz)8 is endo-positioned crossing the WGNR. Our findings on the novel property of four-terminal V7(Bz)8-WGNR devices provide useful guidelines for achieving flexible graphene-based electronic nanodevices by attaching other similar multidecker metal-arene nanowires.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Shang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China; (H.Y.); (Y.H.); (L.P.)
| | | | | | - Guiling Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China; (H.Y.); (Y.H.); (L.P.)
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Rhee D, Lee YAL, Odom TW. Area-Specific, Hierarchical Nanowrinkling of Two-Dimensional Materials. ACS NANO 2023; 17:6781-6788. [PMID: 36989457 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes an approach to generate hierarchical wrinkles in two-dimensional (2D) electronic materials with spatial control over adjacent wavelengths. A rigid fluoropolymer mold was used to pattern a sacrificial polymer skin layer on monolayer graphene, molybdenum disulfide, and hexagonal boron nitride on prestrained thermoplastic sheets. Strain relief and removal of the polymer layer resulted in 2D-material wrinkles whose wavelengths scaled linearly with the local skin thickness. A second generation of wrinkles could be created on top of the first generation by applying a subsequent cycle of polymer skin coating, strain relief, and polymer removal. This area-specific hierarchical wrinkling is general and will facilitate the engineering of the local properties of various 2D materials and their heterostructures.
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Liu N, Sun Q, Yang Z, Shan L, Wang Z, Li H. Wrinkled Interfaces: Taking Advantage of Anisotropic Wrinkling to Periodically Pattern Polymer Surfaces. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207210. [PMID: 36775851 PMCID: PMC10131883 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Periodically patterned surfaces can cause special surface properties and are employed as functional building blocks in many devices, yet remaining challenges in fabrication. Advancements in fabricating structured polymer surfaces for obtaining periodic patterns are accomplished by adopting "top-down" strategies based on self-assembly or physico-chemical growth of atoms, molecules, or particles or "bottom-up" strategies ranging from traditional micromolding (embossing) or micro/nanoimprinting to novel laser-induced periodic surface structure, soft lithography, or direct laser interference patterning among others. Thus, technological advances directly promote higher resolution capabilities. Contrasted with the above techniques requiring highly sophisticated tools, surface instabilities taking advantage of the intrinsic properties of polymers induce surface wrinkling in order to fabricate periodically oriented wrinkled patterns. Such abundant and elaborate patterns are obtained as a result of self-organizing processes that are rather difficult if not impossible to fabricate through conventional patterning techniques. Focusing on oriented wrinkles, this review thoroughly describes the formation mechanisms and fabrication approaches for oriented wrinkles, as well as their fine-tuning in the wavelength, amplitude, and orientation control. Finally, the major applications in which oriented wrinkled interfaces are already in use or may be prospective in the near future are overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation of Chemical Process Integration and Resources UtilizationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of TechnologyTianjin300130China
| | - Qichao Sun
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation of Chemical Process Integration and Resources UtilizationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of TechnologyTianjin300130China
| | - Zhensheng Yang
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation of Chemical Process Integration and Resources UtilizationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of TechnologyTianjin300130China
| | - Linna Shan
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation of Chemical Process Integration and Resources UtilizationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of TechnologyTianjin300130China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation of Chemical Process Integration and Resources UtilizationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of TechnologyTianjin300130China
| | - Hao Li
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation of Chemical Process Integration and Resources UtilizationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of TechnologyTianjin300130China
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Thami T, Ramonda M, Ferez L, Flaud V, Petit E, Cot D, Rebière B, Ameduri B. Growth-Induced Wrinkles and Dotlike Patterns of a Swollen Fluoroalkylated Thin Film by the Reaction of Surface-Attached Polymethylhydrosiloxane. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:14140-14152. [PMID: 36350015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The design of hydrophobic surfaces requires a material which has a low solid surface tension and a simple fabrication process for anchoring and controlling the surface morphology. A generic method for the spontaneous formation of robust instability patterns is proposed through the hydrosilylation of a fluoroalkene bearing dangling chains, Rf = C6F13(CH2)3-, with a soft polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) spin-coated gel polymer (0.8 μm thick) using Karstedt catalyst. These patterns were easily formed by an irreversible swelling reaction due to the attachment of a layer to various substrates. The buckling instability was created by two different approaches for a gel layer bound to a rigid silicon wafer substrate (A) and to a soft nonswelling silicone elastomer foundation (B). The observations of grafted Rf-PMHS films in the swollen state by microscopy revealed two distinct permanent patterns on various substrates: dotlike of wavelength λ = 0.4-0.7 μm (A) or wrinkle of wavelength λ = 4-7 μm (B). The elastic moduli ratios of film/substrate were determined using PeakForce quantitative nanomechanical mapping. The characteristic wavelengths (λ) of the patterns for systems A and B were quantitatively estimated in relation to the thickness of the top layer. A diversity of wrinkle morphologies can be achieved by grafting different side chains on pristine PMHS films. The water contact angle (WCA) hysteresis of fluorinated chain (Rf) was enhanced upon roughening the surfaces, giving highly hydrophobic surface properties for water with static/hysteresis WCAs of 136°/74° in the resulting wrinkle (B) and 119°/41° in the dotlike of lower roughness (A). The hydrophobic properties of grafted films on A with various mixtures of hexyl/fluoroalkyl chains were characterized by static CA: WCA 104-119°, ethylene glycol CA 80-96°, and n-hexadecane CA 17-61°. A very low surface energy of 15 mN/m for Rf-PMHS was found on the smoother dotlike pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Thami
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, Université Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France34095
| | - Michel Ramonda
- Centre de Technologie de Montpellier, CTM, Université Montpellier, Bât. 5, cc007 Campus Saint Priest, Montpellier, France34095
| | - Lynda Ferez
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, Université Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France34095
| | - Valérie Flaud
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier, ICGM, Université Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France34095
| | - Eddy Petit
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, Université Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France34095
| | - Didier Cot
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, Université Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France34095
| | - Bertrand Rebière
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier, ICGM, Université Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France34095
| | - Bruno Ameduri
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier, ICGM, Université Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France34095
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Xue C, Zhang Y, Li L, Hu Y, Chen C, Song Y, You H, Li R, Li J, Wu D, Chu J. 3D Multiscale Micro-/Nanofolds by Femtosecond Laser Intermittent Ablation and Constrained Heating on a Shape Memory Polymer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:23210-23219. [PMID: 33960197 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous wrinkling of films with a thickness gradient offers a new opportunity for constructing various 3D hierarchical surface morphologies. Unfortunately, accurately and facilely controlling the gradient film thickness to yield multiscale and 3D hierarchical micro-/nanostructures is still difficult. Here, a rapid, facile, and highly controllable fabricating strategy for realizing 3D multiscale hierarchical micro-/nanofolds on a shape memory polymer (SMP) surface is reported. First, the nanoparticle film with gradient thickness is rapidly (100 ms to 4 s) and facilely obtained by laser intermittent ablation on the SMP, termed as laser ablation-induced gradient thickness film. Following one-time constrained heating, the 3D micropillars grow out of the substrate based on the "self-growing effect," and the nanoparticle gradient film on its top shrinks into multiscale micro-/nanofolds simultaneously. Significantly, the evolution process and the underlying mechanism of the 3D micro-/nanofolds are systematically investigated. Fundamental basis enables us to accurately regulate the gradient thickness of nanoparticle films and feature size of folds by varying laser scanning times and scanning path. Finally, desirable patterns on micro-/nanofolds can be readily realized by programmable laser cleaning technology, and the tunable adhesion of the water droplet on the multiscale structured surface is demonstrated, which is promising for microdroplet manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yachao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Longfu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yanlei Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Chao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yuegan Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Hongshu You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Rui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Dong Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Jiaru Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
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