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Li S, Li NN, Dong XY, Zang SQ, Mak TCW. Chemical Flexibility of Atomically Precise Metal Clusters. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7262-7378. [PMID: 38696258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Ligand-protected metal clusters possess hybrid properties that seamlessly combine an inorganic core with an organic ligand shell, imparting them exceptional chemical flexibility and unlocking remarkable application potential in diverse fields. Leveraging chemical flexibility to expand the library of available materials and stimulate the development of new functionalities is becoming an increasingly pressing requirement. This Review focuses on the origin of chemical flexibility from the structural analysis, including intra-cluster bonding, inter-cluster interactions, cluster-environments interactions, metal-to-ligand ratios, and thermodynamic effects. In the introduction, we briefly outline the development of metal clusters and explain the differences and commonalities of M(I)/M(I/0) coinage metal clusters. Additionally, we distinguish the bonding characteristics of metal atoms in the inorganic core, which give rise to their distinct chemical flexibility. Section 2 delves into the structural analysis, bonding categories, and thermodynamic theories related to metal clusters. In the following sections 3 to 7, we primarily elucidate the mechanisms that trigger chemical flexibility, the dynamic processes in transformation, the resultant alterations in structure, and the ensuing modifications in physical-chemical properties. Section 8 presents the notable applications that have emerged from utilizing metal clusters and their assemblies. Finally, in section 9, we discuss future challenges and opportunities within this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Na-Na Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Xi-Yan Dong
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Thomas C W Mak
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
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2
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Tang S, Wang E, Wu Y, Song T, Zhou M, Cai X, Gao Y, Ding W, Zhu Y. Diachronic evolvement from tetra-icosahedral to quasi-hexagonal close-packed bimetal clusters. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8372-8379. [PMID: 38846395 PMCID: PMC11151839 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00942h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Here we report a diachronic evolvement from tetra-icosahedral Au30Ag12(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CR)24 to quasi-hcp (hexagonal close-packed) Au47Ag19(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CR)32 via a one-step reduction, in which the size/structure conversion of the two clusters is not a typical Oswald growth process, but involves interface shrinking followed by core rearrangement and surface polymerization. Au30Ag12(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CR)24 has an aesthetic Au18Ag8 kernel that is composed of four interpenetrating Au10Ag3 icosahedra, while Au47Ag19(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CR)32 has a twisted Au19 core capped by a Au12Ag19 shell that are stacked in a layer-by-layer manner with a quasi-hcp pattern. The discovery of the two clusters not only provides further evidence for icosahedral clusters with longer excited-state lifetime compared to hcp-like clusters, but also discloses a double increase in catalytic reactivity for electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol over quasi-hcp clusters in comparison with icosahedral clusters. This work provides the rationale for reversing the bottom-up growth process to remake bimetal clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shisi Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Endong Wang
- Phonon Science Research Center for Carbon Dioxide, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Yanzhen Wu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Tongxin Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Xiao Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Yi Gao
- Phonon Science Research Center for Carbon Dioxide, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Weiping Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Yan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
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3
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Wang Z, Wang Y, Xu TY, Li L, Aikens CM, Gao ZY, Azam M, Tung CH, Sun D. Temperature-Controlled Selective Formation of Silver Nanoclusters and Their Transformation to the Same Product. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403464. [PMID: 38581155 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Herein, two atomically precise silver nanoclusters, Ag54 and Ag33, directed by inner anion templates (CrO4 2- and/or Cl-), are initially isolated as a mixed phase from identical reactants across a wide temperature range (20-80 °C). Interestingly, fine-tuning the reaction temperature can realize pure phase synthesis of the two nanoclusters; that is, a metastable Ag54 is kinetically formed at a low temperature (20 °C), whereas such a system is steered towards a thermodynamically stable Ag33 at a relatively high temperature (80 °C). Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry illustrates that the stability of Ag33 is superior to that of Ag54, which is further supported by density functional theory calculations. Importantly, the difference in structural stability can influence the pathway of 1,4-bis(pyrid-4-yl)benzene induced transformation reaction starting from Ag54 and Ag33. The former undergoes a dramatic breakage-reorganization process to form an Ag31 dimer (Ag31), while the same product can be also achieved from the latter following a noninvasive ligand exchange process. Both the Ag54 and Ag33 have the potential for further remote laser ignition applications. This work not only demonstrates how temperature controls the isolation of a specific phase, but also sheds light on the structural transformation pathway of nanoclusters with different stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 66506, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Tian-Yang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China
| | - Christine M Aikens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 66506, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Zhi-Yong Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, 453007, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohammad Azam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO BOX 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China
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4
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Jiang K, Ma A, Li Y, Wang J, Yin Z, Wang S. Understanding the decomposition process of the Pt 1Ag 24(SPhCl 2) 18 nanocluster at the atomic level. RSC Adv 2024; 14:10574-10579. [PMID: 38567326 PMCID: PMC10985538 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01274g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
We report the decomposition of the Pt1Ag24(SPhCl2)18 nanocluster into a crown-like Pt1Ag4(SR)8 (SR = 2,4-SPhCl2 and 4-SPhBr) complex. UV-vis spectra and single crystal X-ray diffraction were used to track the structure-conversion process. Based on the total structure, the differences in ligand exchange rates at different sites and the effects on the stability were mapped out. This work can not only help us understand the ligand exchange behavior of the clusters, but also provide experimental support for the design of stable metal clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefan Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Along Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Yuansheng Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Zhengmao Yin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Shuxin Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
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5
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Cui M, Shi Y, Ma X, Li Q, Chen L, Zhang L, Wu J, Yu H, Zhu M. The Pivotal Radical Intermediate [Au 21(SR) 15] + in the Ligand-Exchange-Induced Size-Reduction of [Au 23(SR) 16] - to Au 16(SR) 12. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6591-6599. [PMID: 38305198 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The atomic precision of sub-nanometer-sized metal nanoclusters makes it possible to elucidate the kinetics of metal nanomaterials from the molecular level. Herein, the size reduction of an atomically precise [Au23(CHT)16]- (HCHT = cyclohexanethiol) cluster upon ligand exchange with HSAdm (1-adamantanethiol) has been reported. During the 16 h conversion of [Au23(CHT)16]- to Au16(SR)12, the neutral 6e Au21(SR)15, and its 1e-reduction state, i.e. the 5e, cationic radical, [Au21(SR)15]+, are active intermediates to account for the formation of thermodynamically stable Au16 products. The combination of spectroscopic monitoring (with UV-vis and ESI-MS) and DFT calculations indicates the preferential size-reduction on the corner Au atoms on the core surface and the terminal Au atoms on longer AunSn+1 staples. This study provides a reassessment on the electronic state of the Au21 structure and highlights the single electron transfer processes in cluster systems and thus the importance of the EPR analysis on the mechanistic issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Yanan Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xiangyu Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Qingliang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Lichao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Junfei Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Haizhu Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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6
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Aminfar P, Ferguson T, Steele E, MacNeil EM, Matus MF, Malola S, Häkkinen H, Duchesne PN, Loock HP, Stamplecoskie KG. Accelerated size-focusing light activated synthesis of atomically precise fluorescent Au 22(Lys-Cys-Lys) 16 clusters. NANOSCALE 2023; 16:205-211. [PMID: 38051125 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04793h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Atomically precise metal nanoclusters are promising candidates for various biomedical applications, including their use as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, typical synthetic routes of clusters often result in complex mixtures, where isolating and characterizing pure samples becomes challenging. In this work, a new Au22(Lys-Cys-Lys)16 cluster is synthesized using photochemistry, followed by a new type of light activated, accelerated size-focusing. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy (EEM) and parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis have been applied to track the formation of fluorescent species, and to assess optical purity of the final product. Furthermore, excited state reactivity of Au22(Lys-Cys-Lys)16 clusters is studied, and formation of type-I reactive oxygen species (ROS) from the excited state of the clusters is observed. The proposed size-focusing procedure in this work can be easily adapted to conventional cluster synthetic methods, such as borohydride reduction, to provide atomically precise clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parimah Aminfar
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Travis Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Emily Steele
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Emerson M MacNeil
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - María Francisca Matus
- Departments of Physics and Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sami Malola
- Departments of Physics and Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Hannu Häkkinen
- Departments of Physics and Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Paul N Duchesne
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Hans-Peter Loock
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8N 5C2, Canada
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7
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Zou X, Kang X, Zhu M. Recent developments in the investigation of driving forces for transforming coinage metal nanoclusters. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5892-5967. [PMID: 37577838 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00876a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters serve as an emerging class of modular nanomaterials. The transformation of metal nanoclusters has been fully reflected in their studies from every aspect, including the structural evolution analysis, physicochemical property regulation, and practical application promotion. In this review, we highlight the driving forces for transforming atomically precise metal nanoclusters and summarize the related transforming principles and fundamentals. Several driving forces for transforming nanoclusters are meticulously reviewed herein: ligand-exchange-induced transformations, metal-exchange-induced transformations, intercluster reactions, photochemical transformations, oxidation/reduction-induced transformations, and other factors (intrinsic instability, pH, temperature, and metal salts) triggering transformations. The exploitation of transforming principles to customize the preparations, structures, physicochemical properties, and practical applications of metal nanoclusters is also disclosed. At the end of this review, we provide our perspectives and highlight the challenges remaining for future research on the transformation of metal nanoclusters. Our intended audience is the broader scientific community interested in metal nanoclusters, and we believe that this review will provide researchers with a comprehensive synthetic toolbox and insights on the research fundamentals needed to realize more cluster-based nanomaterials with customized compositions, structures, and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Zou
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
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8
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Ali M, Lin IN. Developing tiny-sized particles, different modification behaviors of gold atoms, and nucleating distorted particles. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:3871-3878. [PMID: 37496626 PMCID: PMC10367953 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00346a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The study of tiny-sized particles is beneficial in many ways. This has been the subject of many studies. The development of a tiny-sized particle depends on the attained dynamics of the atoms. In the development process of a tiny-sized particle, gold atoms must deal with different modification behaviors. Photons traveling along the air-solution interface also alter the characteristics of a developing tiny-sized particle. The electronic structures, modification behaviors, and attained dynamics of the atoms mainly contribute toward the development of tiny-sized particles. Energy under the supplied source and the local resulting forces collectively bind gold atoms. Both internally and externally driven dynamics influence the development process of different tiny-sized particles. Atoms in such developed tiny-sized particles do not experience the collective oscillations upon photons traveling along the air-solution interface. In the study of binding atoms, it is essential to consider the roles of both energy and force. Here, the development of tiny particles having different sizes presents a convincing discussion. Nucleating a distorted particle from the non-uniform amalgamation of tiny-sized particles is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubarak Ali
- Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad Islamabad Campus, Park Road 45550 Pakistan
| | - I-Nan Lin
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University Tamsui District New Taipei City 25137 Taiwan
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9
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Li Q, Tan Y, Huang B, Yang S, Chai J, Wang X, Pei Y, Zhu M. Mechanistic Study of the Hydride Migration-Induced Reversible Isomerization in Au 22(SR) 15H Isomers. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37438248 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Unraveling the evolution mechanism of metal nanoclusters is of great importance in understanding the formation and evolution of metallic condensed matters. In this work, the specific evolution process between a pair of gold nanocluster (Au NC) isomers is completely revealed by introducing hydride ligands to simplify the research system. A hydride-containing Au NC, Au22(SR)15H, was synthesized by kinetic control, and the positions of the hydrides were then confirmed by combining X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, and DFT calculations. Importantly, a reversible structural isomerization was found to occur on this Au22(SR)15H. By combining the crystal structures and theoretical calculations, the focus was placed on the hydride-binding site, and a [Au-H] migration mechanism of this isomerization process is clearly shown. Furthermore, this [Au-H] migration mechanism is confirmed by the subsequent capture and structural determination of theoretically predicted intermediates. This work provides insight into the dynamic behavior of hydride ligands in nanoclusters and a strategy to study the evolution mechanism of nanoclusters by taking the hydride ligand as the breakthrough point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinzhen Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Yesen Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Baoyu Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of MOE, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis & Waste Recycling, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
| | - Sha Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Jinsong Chai
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Neutron Scattering Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Yong Pei
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of MOE, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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10
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Wang S, Tan Y, Li T, Zhou Q, Li P, Yang S, Yu H, Zhu M. Insight into the Role of Copper in the Transformation of a [Ag 25(2,5-DMBT) 16(DPPF) 3] + Nanocluster: Doping or Oxidation. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:18450-18457. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Yesen Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Tianrong Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Sha Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Haizhu Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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11
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Han W, Wang E, Xu WW. New structural insights into the stability of Au 22(SR) 16 nanocluster under ring model guidance. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:15920-15924. [PMID: 35758327 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00421f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study presents thorough structural insights into the stability of crystallized Au22(SAdm)16 (HSAdm = 1-adamantanethiol) nanocluster. With the recently developed Ring Model for describing the interaction between inner gold cores and outer protecting ligands in thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters, the experimental spontaneous transformation from the crystallized Au22(SAdm)16 to Au21(SAdm)15 could be well understood as structurally unfavorable for the current Au22(SAdm)16 and could also be attributed to the weaker aurophilic interaction between the inner Au4 core and the surrounding rings in Au22(SAdm)16 over that in Au21(SAdm)15. Furthermore, with the Ring Model and the grand unified model, two new Au22(SCH3)16 isomers with evident lower energies, higher HOMO-LUMO gaps as well as distinct optical properties over the available crystallized isomer were obtained. This study deepens the current knowledge on the structure of the Au22(SR)16 cluster from a new structural point of view and also confirms the validity as well as practicability of the Ring Model in understanding and predicting the stable structures of thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Han
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Endong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wen Wu Xu
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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12
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Zhen Y, Jin S, Kang X, Xu C, Fang C, Hu D, Zhu M. [Pt 1Ag 37(SAdm) 21(Dppp) 3Cl 6] 2+: intercluster transformation and photochemical properties. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi01082h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel [Pt1Ag37(SAdm)21(Dppp)3Cl6]2+ nanocluster is reported, and the reaction with PPh3 triggers an intercluster transformation into [Pt1Ag28(SAdm)18(PPh3)4]2+. Using chiral Bdpp, the enantiomeric Pt1Ag37(SAdm)21(R/S-Bdpp)3Cl6 can be prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Zhen
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Shan Jin
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Cao Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Daqiao Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
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13
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Su ZQ, Yin MM, Yang ZQ, Hu AH, Hu YJ. Interactions between Two Kinds of Gold Nanoclusters and Calf Thymus Deoxyribonucleic Acid: Directions for Preparations to Applications. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4738-4747. [PMID: 34605641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) have shown promising applications in biotherapy owing to their ultrasmall size and unique molecular-like properties. In order to better guide the preparations and applications of AuNCs, dihydrolipoic acid-protected AuNCs (DHLA-AuNCs) and glutathione-protected AuNCs (GSH-AuNCs) were selected as models and the interactions between them and calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) were studied in detail. The results showed that there was a small difference in the binding mechanisms and forces between both AuNCs and ctDNA. The quenching mechanisms of both AuNCs to (ctDNA-HO) were completely different. The binding constants indicated that the binding strength between DHLA-AuNCs and ctDNA was greater than those of GSH-AuNCs. The conformation investigations showed that GSH-AuNCs had a greater impact on the conformation of ctDNA, and both AuNCs were more inclined to interact with the A-T base pairs of ctDNA. These results indicate that the surface ligand had a significant effect on the interactions between AuNCs and DNA and might also further affect the applications of AuNCs, and these results could guide the preparations of AuNCs. For DHLA-AuNCs, their good biocompatibility made them a potential candidate for application in imaging, drug treatment, sensing, and so on. The resulting base accumulation of ctDNA and weak interactions made GSH-AuNCs have great potential for application in gene therapy, which was consistent with the current reports on the applications of these two AuNCs. This work has pointed out the directions for the preparations and applications of AuNCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Qi Su
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, P. R. China
| | - Miao-Miao Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Qing Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, P. R. China
| | - Ao-Hong Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Jun Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, P. R. China
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14
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Li Q, Zeman CJ, Schatz GC, Gu XW. Source of Bright Near-Infrared Luminescence in Gold Nanoclusters. ACS NANO 2021; 15:16095-16105. [PMID: 34613697 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoclusters with near-infrared (NIR) photoluminescence (PL) have great potential as sensing and imaging materials in biomedical and bioimaging applications. In this work, Au21(S-Adm)15 and Au38S2(S-Adm)20 are used to unravel the underlying mechanisms for the improved quantum yields (QY), large Stokes shifts, and long PL lifetimes in gold nanoclusters. Both nanoclusters show decent PL QY. In particular, the Au38S2(S-Adm)20 nanocluster shows a bright NIR PL at 900 nm with QY up to 15% in normal solvents (such as toluene) at ambient conditions. The relatively lower QY for Au21(S-Adm)15 (4%) compared to that of Au38S2(S-Adm)20 is attributed to the lowest-lying excited state being symmetry-disallowed, as evidenced by the pressure-dependent antispectral shift of the absorption spectra compared to PL, yet Au21(S-Adm)15 maintains some emissive properties due to a nearby symmetry-allowed excited state. Furthermore, our results show that suppression of nonradiative decay due to the surface "lock rings", which encircle the Au kernel and the surface "lock atoms" which bridge the fundamental Au kernel units (e.g., tetrahedra, icosahedra, etc.), is the key to obtaining high QYs in gold nanoclusters. The complicated excited-state processes and the small absorption coefficient of the band-edge transition lead to the large Stokes shifts and the long PL lifetimes that are widely observed in gold nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Charles J Zeman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - X Wendy Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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15
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Xu L, Li Q, Li T, Chai J, Yang S, Zhu M. Construction of a new Au 27Cd 1(SAdm) 14(DPPF)Cl nanocluster by surface engineering and insight into its structure–property correlation. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi01015h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Surface engineering with a functional DPPF ligand and Cd atom is employed on a Au38 nanocluster to obtain a Au–Cd alloy nanocluster, that is, Au27Cd1. The difference in properties between Au38 and Au27Cd1 indicates the importance of the surface structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Xu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Qinzhen Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Tianrong Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Jinsong Chai
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Sha Yang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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16
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Zhu C, Duan T, Li H, Wei X, Kang X, Pei Y, Zhu M. Structural determination of a metastable Ag 27 nanocluster and its transformations into Ag 8 and Ag 29 nanoclusters. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi00684c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The atomically precise structure of a metastable nanocluster, Ag27H11(SPhMe2)12(DPPM)6, was determined, and its transformations into size-reduction Ag8 and size-growth Ag29 nanoclusters have been mapped out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Tengfei Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Yong Pei
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
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