1
|
Ji LJ, Yang TY, Feng GQ, Li S, Li W, Bu XH. Liquid-Phase Exfoliation of 3D Metal-Organic Frameworks into Nanosheets. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2404756. [PMID: 39119851 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Traditionally, the acquisition of 2D materials involved the exfoliation of layered crystals. However, the anisotropic bonding arrangements within 3D crystals indicate they are mechanically reminiscent of 2D counterparts and could also be exfoliated into nanosheets. This report delineates the preparation of 2D nanosheets from six representative 3D metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) through liquid-phase exfoliation. Notably, the cleavage planes of exfoliated nanosheets align perpendicular to the direction of the minimum elastic modulus (Emin) within the pristine 3D frameworks. The findings suggest that the in-plane and out-of-plane bonding forces of the exfoliated nanosheets can be correlated with the maximum elastic modulus (Emax) and Emin of the 3D frameworks, respectively. Emax influences the ease of cleaving adjacent layers, while Emin governs the ability to resist cracking of layers. Hence, a combination of large Emax and small Emin indicates an efficient exfoliation process, and vice versa. The ratio of Emax/Emin, denoted as Amax/min, is adopted as a universal index to quantify the ease of mechanical exfoliation for 3D MOFs. This ratio, readily accessible through mechanical experiments and computation, serves as a valuable metric for selecting appropriate exfoliation methods to produce surfactant-free 2D nanosheets from various 3D materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Ji
- Department of Physics and Mechanical and Electrical Engineering & Expert Workstation for Terahertz Technology and Advanced Energy Materials and Devices, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tian-Yi Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University & TKL of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Feng
- Department of Physics and Mechanical and Electrical Engineering & Expert Workstation for Terahertz Technology and Advanced Energy Materials and Devices, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Physics and Mechanical and Electrical Engineering & Expert Workstation for Terahertz Technology and Advanced Energy Materials and Devices, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University & TKL of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xian-He Bu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University & TKL of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Tianjin, 300350, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chung JY, Yuan Y, Mishra TP, Joseph C, Canepa P, Ranjan P, Sadki EHS, Gradečak S, Garaj S. Structure and exfoliation mechanism of two-dimensional boron nanosheets. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6122. [PMID: 39033164 PMCID: PMC11271264 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49974-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Exfoliation of two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets from three-dimensional (3D) non-layered, non-van der Waals crystals represents an emerging strategy for materials engineering that could significantly increase the library of 2D materials. Yet, the exfoliation mechanism in which nanosheets are derived from crystals that are not intrinsically layered remains unclear. Here, we show that planar defects in the starting 3D boron material promote the exfoliation of 2D boron sheets-by combining liquid-phase exfoliation, aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations. We demonstrate that 2D boron nanosheets consist of a planar arrangement of icosahedral sub-units cleaved along the {001} planes of β-rhombohedral boron. Correspondingly, intrinsic stacking faults in 3D boron form parallel layers of faulted planes in the same orientation as the exfoliated nanosheets, reducing the {001} cleavage energy. Planar defects represent a potential engineerable pathway for exfoliating 2D sheets from 3D boron and, more broadly, the other covalently bonded materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yang Chung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Applied Materials - NUS Advanced Materials Corporate Lab, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yanwen Yuan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Applied Materials - NUS Advanced Materials Corporate Lab, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tara P Mishra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chithralekha Joseph
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pieremanuele Canepa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pranay Ranjan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - El Hadi S Sadki
- Department of Physics, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Silvija Gradečak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Applied Materials - NUS Advanced Materials Corporate Lab, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Slaven Garaj
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Physics, Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Barnowsky T, Curtarolo S, Krasheninnikov AV, Heine T, Friedrich R. Magnetic State Control of Non-van der Waals 2D Materials by Hydrogenation. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3874-3881. [PMID: 38446590 PMCID: PMC10996018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the magnetic state of two-dimensional (2D) materials is crucial for spintronics. By employing data-mining and autonomous density functional theory calculations, we demonstrate the switching of magnetic properties of 2D non-van der Waals materials upon hydrogen passivation. The magnetic configurations are tuned to states with flipped and enhanced moments. For 2D CdTiO3─a diamagnetic compound in the pristine case─we observe an onset of ferromagnetism upon hydrogenation. Further investigation of the magnetization density of the pristine and passivated systems provides a detailed analysis of modified local spin symmetries and the emergence of ferromagnetism. Our results indicate that selective surface passivation is a powerful tool for tailoring magnetic properties of nanomaterials, such as non-vdW 2D compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Barnowsky
- Theoretical
Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
- Institute
of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Stefano Curtarolo
- Center
for Extreme Materials, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Materials
Science, Electrical Engineering, and Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Arkady V. Krasheninnikov
- Institute
of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Thomas Heine
- Theoretical
Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
- Center
for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Görlitz 02826, Germany
| | - Rico Friedrich
- Theoretical
Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
- Institute
of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
- Center
for Extreme Materials, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kaur H, Coleman JN. Liquid-Phase Exfoliation of Nonlayered Non-Van-Der-Waals Crystals into Nanoplatelets. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202164. [PMID: 35470487 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
For nearly 15 years, researchers have been using liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) to produce 2D nanosheets from layered crystals. This has yielded multiple 2D materials in a solution-processable form whose utility has been demonstrated in multiple applications. It was believed that the exfoliation of such materials is enabled by the very large bonding anisotropy of layered materials where the strength of intralayer chemical bonds is very much larger than that of interlayer van der Waals bonds. However, over the last five years, a number of papers have raised questions about our understanding of exfoliation by describing the LPE of nonlayered materials. These results are extremely surprising because, as no van der Waals gap is present to provide an easily cleaved direction, the exfoliation of such compounds requires the breaking of only chemical bonds. Here the progress in this unexpected new research area is examined. The structure and properties of nanoplatelets produced by LPE of nonlayered materials are reviewed. A number of unexplained trends are found, not least the preponderance of isotropic materials that have been exfoliated to give high-aspect-ratio nanoplatelets. Finally, the applications potential of this new class of 2D materials are considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harneet Kaur
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Jonathan N Coleman
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Friedrich R, Ghorbani-Asl M, Curtarolo S, Krasheninnikov AV. Data-Driven Quest for Two-Dimensional Non-van der Waals Materials. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:989-997. [PMID: 35051335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials are frequently associated with the sheets forming bulk layered compounds bonded by van der Waals (vdW) forces. The anisotropy and weak interaction between the sheets have also been the main criteria in the computational search for new 2D systems, predicting ∼2000 exfoliable compounds. However, some representatives of a new type of non-vdW 2D systems, without layered 3D analogues, were recently manufactured. For this novel materials class, data-driven design principles are still missing. Here, we outline a set of 8 binary and 20 ternary candidates by filtering the AFLOW-ICSD database according to structural prototypes. The oxidation state of the surface cations regulates the exfoliation energy with low oxidation numbers leading to weak bonding─a useful descriptor to obtain novel 2D materials also providing clear guidelines for experiments. A vast range of appealing electronic, optical, and magnetic properties make the candidates attractive for various applications and particularly spintronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rico Friedrich
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Autonomous Materials Design, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Mahdi Ghorbani-Asl
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefano Curtarolo
- Center for Autonomous Materials Design, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Materials Science, Electrical Engineering, and Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Arkady V Krasheninnikov
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Aalto 00076, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li S, Gunda H, Ray KG, Wong CS, Xiao P, Friddle RW, Liu YS, Kang S, Dun C, Sugar JD, Kolasinski RD, Wan LF, Baker AA, Lee JRI, Urban JJ, Jasuja K, Allendorf MD, Stavila V, Wood BC. Spontaneous dynamical disordering of borophenes in MgB 2 and related metal borides. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6268. [PMID: 34725350 PMCID: PMC8560812 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26512-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Layered boron compounds have attracted significant interest in applications from energy storage to electronic materials to device applications, owing in part to a diversity of surface properties tied to specific arrangements of boron atoms. Here we report the energy landscape for surface atomic configurations of MgB2 by combining first-principles calculations, global optimization, material synthesis and characterization. We demonstrate that contrary to previous assumptions, multiple disordered reconstructions are thermodynamically preferred and kinetically accessible within exposed B surfaces in MgB2 and other layered metal diborides at low boron chemical potentials. Such a dynamic environment and intrinsic disordering of the B surface atoms present new opportunities to realize a diverse set of 2D boron structures. We validated the predicted surface disorder by characterizing exfoliated boron-terminated MgB2 nanosheets. We further discuss application-relevant implications, with a particular view towards understanding the impact of boron surface heterogeneity on hydrogen storage performance. Layered boron compounds attract enormous interest in applications. This work reports first-principles calculations coupled with global optimization to show that the outer boron surface in MgB2 nanosheets undergo disordering and clustering, which is experimentally confirmed in synthesized MgB2 nanosheets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sichi Li
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA.
| | - Harini Gunda
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Keith G Ray
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | | | - Penghao Xiao
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | | | - Yi-Sheng Liu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - ShinYoung Kang
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Chaochao Dun
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | | | | | - Liwen F Wan
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Alexander A Baker
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Jonathan R I Lee
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Urban
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Kabeer Jasuja
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | | | | | - Brandon C Wood
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao LH, Liao Y, Jia LC, Wang Z, Huang XL, Ning WJ, Zhang ZX, Ren JW. Ultra-Robust Thermoconductive Films Made from Aramid Nanofiber and Boron Nitride Nanosheet for Thermal Management Application. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2028. [PMID: 34206158 PMCID: PMC8271841 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of highly thermally conductive composites with excellent electrical insulation has attracted extensive attention, which is of great significance to solve the increasingly severe heat concentration issue of electronic equipment. Herein, we report a new strategy to prepare boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) via an ion-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation method. Then, silver nanoparticle (AgNP) modified BNNS (BNNS@Ag) was obtained by in situ reduction properties. The exfoliation yield of BNNS was approximately 50% via the ion-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation method. Subsequently, aramid nanofiber (ANF)/BNNS@Ag composites were prepared by vacuum filtration. Owing to the "brick-and-mortar" structure formed inside the composite and the adhesion of AgNP, the interfacial thermal resistance was effectively reduced. Therefore, the in-plane thermal conductivity of ANF/BNNS@Ag composites was as high as 11.51 W m-1 K-1, which was 233.27% higher than that of pure ANF (3.45 W m-1 K-1). The addition of BNNS@Ag maintained tensile properties (tensile strength of 129.14 MPa). Moreover, the ANF/BNNS@Ag films also had good dielectric properties and the dielectric constant was below 2.5 (103 Hz). Hence, the ANF/BNNS@Ag composite shows excellent thermal management performance, and the electrical insulation and mechanical properties of the matrix are retained, indicating its potential application prospects in high pressure and high temperature application environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Zhao
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (L.-H.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.-C.J.); (Z.W.); (X.-L.H.); (W.-J.N.)
| | - Yun Liao
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (L.-H.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.-C.J.); (Z.W.); (X.-L.H.); (W.-J.N.)
| | - Li-Chuan Jia
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (L.-H.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.-C.J.); (Z.W.); (X.-L.H.); (W.-J.N.)
| | - Zhong Wang
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (L.-H.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.-C.J.); (Z.W.); (X.-L.H.); (W.-J.N.)
| | - Xiao-Long Huang
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (L.-H.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.-C.J.); (Z.W.); (X.-L.H.); (W.-J.N.)
| | - Wen-Jun Ning
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (L.-H.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.-C.J.); (Z.W.); (X.-L.H.); (W.-J.N.)
| | - Zong-Xi Zhang
- State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid of China, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Jun-Wen Ren
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (L.-H.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.-C.J.); (Z.W.); (X.-L.H.); (W.-J.N.)
| |
Collapse
|