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Kobayashi Y, Fukuda D, Okayasu Y, Nagai Y. Relaxation dynamics of higher excited states of perylene-substituted perylene bisimide derivatives. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:034308. [PMID: 39017426 DOI: 10.1063/5.0205882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Stepwise two-photon absorption processes have received considerable attention, especially in photocatalysis, due to their relatively lower power threshold, characteristic spatial selectivity, amplification of chemical reactions, and so on. Meanwhile, studies on the relaxation dynamics of higher excited states in condensed systems have been limited for several molecular systems due to the short-lived nature of these states. In this study, we synthesized perylene-substituted perylene bisimide (PBI) and its derivate as model compounds and investigated their excited-state dynamics, including higher excited states, using pump-repump-probe spectroscopy. We revealed that these molecules form charge-transfer (CT) states instantaneously after the excitation, regardless of whether it is the perylene moiety or the PBI moiety that is excited. The lifetime of the CT state was shorter when the distance between the donor (perylene) and the acceptor (PBI) was shorter. Moreover, we also revealed that a higher-lying CT state generated by the stepwise excitation of the CT state using a 740-nm pulse induced Stark effect to the neighboring perylene moiety. The Stark effect not only gives more detailed information about the CT state, but also presents the possibility of new photofunctions, such as instantaneous modulation of the electronic state to achieve optimal electronic properties. These insights contribute to understanding advanced photochemical reactions and would be important for exploring photocatalytic reactions involving higher excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Daiki Fukuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Okayasu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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Bressan G, Green D, Jones GA, Heisler IA, Meech SR. Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy Resolves Relative Excited-State Displacements. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2876-2884. [PMID: 38447068 PMCID: PMC10945572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Knowledge of relative displacements between potential energy surfaces (PES) is critical in spectroscopy and photochemistry. Information on displacements is encoded in vibrational coherences. Here we apply ultrafast two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy in a pump-probe half-broadband (HB2DES) geometry to probe the ground- and excited-state potential landscapes of cresyl violet. 2D coherence maps reveal that while the coherence amplitude of the dominant 585 cm-1 Raman-active mode is mainly localized in the ground-state bleach and stimulated emission regions, a 338 cm-1 mode is enhanced in excited-state absorption. Modeling these data with a three-level displaced harmonic oscillator model using the hierarchical equation of motion-phase matching approach (HEOM-PMA) shows that the S1 ← S0 PES displacement is greater along the 585 cm-1 coordinate than the 338 cm-1 coordinate, while Sn ← S1 displacements are similar along both coordinates. HB2DES is thus a powerful tool for exploiting nuclear wavepackets to extract quantitative multidimensional, vibrational coordinate information across multiple PESs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bressan
- School
of Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, University
of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Dale Green
- School
of Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, University
of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Garth A. Jones
- School
of Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, University
of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Ismael A. Heisler
- Instituto
de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande
do Sul, 91509-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Stephen R. Meech
- School
of Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, University
of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United
Kingdom
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Han C, Kundu BK, Liang Y, Sun Y. Near-Infrared Light-Driven Photocatalysis with an Emphasis on Two-Photon Excitation: Concepts, Materials, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307759. [PMID: 37703435 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Efficient utilization of sunlight in photocatalysis is widely recognized as a promising solution for addressing the growing energy demand and environmental issues resulting from fossil fuel consumption. Recently, there have been significant developments in various near-infrared (NIR) light-harvesting systems for artificial photosynthesis and photocatalytic environmental remediation. This review provides an overview of the most recent advancements in the utilization of NIR light through the creation of novel nanostructured materials and molecular photosensitizers, as well as modulating strategies to enhance the photocatalytic processes. A special focus is given to the emerging two-photon excitation NIR photocatalysis. The unique features and limitations of different systems are critically evaluated. In particular, it highlights the advantages of utilizing NIR light and two-photon excitation compared to UV-visible irradiation and one-photon excitation. Ongoing challenges and potential solutions for the future exploration of NIR light-responsive materials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Han
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Bidyut Kumar Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Yujun Liang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
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Chen R, Jiang S, Zhang Q, Luo Y. Intermediate Complex-Mediated Interfacial Electron Transfer in a Radical Dianion/TiO 2 Dye-Sensitized Photocatalytic System. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:8091-8096. [PMID: 35997532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We present a mechanistic study of a PTCDA2-/TiO2 dye-sensitized photocatalytic system, in which the stable radical dianion PTCDA2- is formed via a two-step consecutive photoinduced electron transfer from its neutral precursor PTCDA (i.e., perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride). Photoexcitation of PTCDA2- brings forth an interesting behavior known as vibrationally excited-state-selective, visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In conjunction with the information gleaned from optical spectroscopy and ultrafast dynamics, we reveal that an intermediate complex (IC) state with a lifetime of ∼12 ps exists in the vicinity of a certain vibrationally excited state of PTCDA2-. Such a unique IC state mediates the interfacial electron transfer (IET) channel from the specific excited state of PTCDA2- to the conduction band continuum of TiO2. As an outcome, the effective IC-mediated IET process in this photocatalytic system leads to a remarkable HER rate that reaches ∼4660 μmol g-1 h-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renli Chen
- Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shenlong Jiang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
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Kobayashi Y, Abe J. Recent advances in low-power-threshold nonlinear photochromic materials. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2397-2415. [PMID: 35262107 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01144h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Incoherent nonlinear photophysical and photochemical processes based on stepwise two-photon absorption (2PA) processes have been recently used in materials science owing to their unique photoresponses beyond one-photon processes and lower power thresholds to induce the processes than those of coherent nonlinear optical processes. Among them, nonlinear photochromic materials have received considerable attention because they exhibit unconventional photoresponses compared with other incoherent nonlinear processes such as low-power-threshold nonlinear photoresponses with unimolecular systems, gated photochemical reactions and oxygen-insensitive nonlinear photoresponses. Nonlinear photochromic materials are important not only for colorimetric materials, but also for emergent materials that can enrich the next-generation society such as dynamic holographic materials, which are promising for three-dimensional displays. In this tutorial review, we introduce low-power-threshold nonlinear photochromic materials using stepwise 2PA processes. First, we explain the fundamental concepts of photochemistry as well as photochromic reactions. We attempt to provide an intuitive understanding of incoherent nonlinear optical processes using these fundamental concepts. Then, we introduce several recent examples and potential applications of nonlinear photochromic materials. This tutorial review is important for understanding the scientific progress related to these fields and provides a simple unified picture of the incoherent nonlinear optical properties of different types of photofunctional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
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