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Chen Z, Cheng L, Lin H, Li H. Self-hybridization structures of BiOBr 0.5Cl 0.5: An ultra-high capacity anode material for half/full potassium-ion batteries. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 677:769-779. [PMID: 39173510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are gaining attention among emerging technologies for their cost-effectiveness and the abundance of resources they utilize. Within this context, bismuth oxyhalides (BiOX) have emerged as exceptional candidates for anode materials in PIBs due to their unique structural and superior electrochemical properties. However, challenges such as structural instability and low electronic conductivity remain to be addressed. In this study, a flower-like BiOBr0.5Cl0.5/rGO composite anode material was synthesized, demonstrating outstanding K+ storage performance. The self-hybridized structure enhances ion adsorption and diffusion, which in turn improves charge and discharge efficiency as well as long-term stability. In situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests confirmed the gradual release and alloying potassium storage mechanism of Bi metal, which occurs through the intermediate KxBiOBr0.5Cl0.5 phase within the BiOBr0.5Cl0.5 anode. This composite exhibited a high specific capacity of 246.4 mAh/g at 50 A/g and maintained excellent capacity retention after 2400 cycles at 5 A/g. Additionally, in full battery tests, it showed good rate performance and long cycle life, maintaining a discharge specific capacity of 119.6 mAh/g at a high current density of 10 A/g. Comprehensive characterizations revealed insights into the structural, electrochemical, and kinetic properties, advancing high-performance PIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisong Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Haoxiang Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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2
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Zhang D, Zhang H, Gao F, Huang G, Shang Z, Gao C, Chen X, Wei J, Terrones M, Wang Y. Dual Activation for Tuning N, S Co-Doping in Porous Carbon Sheets Toward Superior Sodium Ion Storage. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308684. [PMID: 38174613 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Porous carbon has been widely focused to solve the problems of low coulombic efficiency (ICE) and low multiplication capacity of Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) anodes. The superior energy storage properties of two-dimensional(2D) carbon nanosheets can be realized by modulating the structure, but be limited by the carbon sources, making it challenging to obtain 2D structures with large surface area. In this work, a new method for forming carbon materials with high N/S doping content based on combustion activation using the dual activation effect of K2SO4/KNO3 is proposed. The synthesized carbon material as an anode for SIBs has a high reversible capacity of 344.44 mAh g-1 at 0.05 A g-1. Even at the current density of 5 Ag-1, the capacity remained at 143.08 mAh g-1. And the ICE of sodium-ion in ether electrolytes is ≈2.5 times higher than that in ester electrolytes. The sodium storage mechanism of ether/ester-based electrolytes is further explored through ex-situ characterizations. The disparity in electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the discrepancy in kinetics, wherein ether-based electrolytes exhibit a higher rate of Na+ storage and shedding compared to ester-based electrolytes. This work suggests an effective way to develop doubly doped carbon anode materials for SIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyue Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Fan Gao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Gang Huang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zhoutai Shang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Caiqin Gao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xianchun Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jingjiang Wei
- Institute for Advanced Materials Deformation and Damage from Multi-Scale, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, P. R. China
| | - Mauricio Terrones
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yanqing Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
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Liu C, Feng X, Zhao Y, Fan H, Zheng R, Wang Z, Arandiyan H, Wang Y, Bhargava SK, Liu Y, Sun H, Shao Z. Enhancing potassium ions adsorption on mesoporous carbon spheres with abundant internal surface via engineering sulfur doping sites towards superior rate capability. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 652:1325-1337. [PMID: 37659304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous carbon spheres (MCSs) show great potential for using as high-performance anodes in potassium-ion batteries (PIBs). Design and synthesis of MCSs with suitable multiscale structures and heteroatom doping or co-doping in MCSs are successfully employed to optimize the ion and electron transportation, however, it is still a challenge to explore MCS-based anodes with satisfactory potassium storage performance. In this work, we report novel S-doped MCS samples with abundant internal surfaces for potassium storage. The S doping sites are controlled during the synthesis, and the effect of different doping sites on the potassium storage is systematically studied. It is found that S doping between the carbon layers enlarges interlayer spacing and facilitates potassium ion adsorption. Consequently, the optimized sample shows an excellent rate capability of 144 mAh/g at 5.0 A/g, and a high reversible specific capacity of 325 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 0.1 A/g with a capacity retention of 91.2%. The important role of element doping sites on ion adsorption and ion storage performance is confirmed by theoretical investigations. Controlling the doping sites in MCSs provides a new approach to designing high-performance electrodes for energy storage and conversion applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Xiangping Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Yutong Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Huilin Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Runguo Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, PR China; School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, PR China; School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Hamidreza Arandiyan
- Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis for Sustainability, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Centre for Applied Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia
| | - Yuan Wang
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Melbourne, Vic 3125, Australia.
| | - Suresh K Bhargava
- Centre for Applied Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia
| | - Yanguo Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, PR China; School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
| | - Hongyu Sun
- School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
| | - Zongping Shao
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
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4
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Zhu C, Wang X, Yang L, Gao Z, Tian W, Chen J, Shi J, Liu S, Huang M, Wu J, Wang H. Densified graphene-like carbon nanosheets with enriched heteroatoms enabling superior gravimetric and volumetric potassium storage capacities. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 647:296-305. [PMID: 37262992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.05.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Constructing carbon electrodes with abundant heteroatoms and appropriate graphitic interlayer spacing remains a major challenge for achieving high gravimetric and volumetric potassium storage capacities with fast kinetics. Herein, we constructed 3D graphene-like N, F dual-doped carbon sheets induced by Ni template (N, F-CNS-Ni) with dense structure and rich active sites, providing a promising approach to address the facing obstacles. Highly reversible K-ion insertion/extraction is realized in the graphitic carbon structure, and K-adsorption capability is enhanced by introducing N/F heteroatoms. As a result, the N, F-CNS-Ni electrode exhibits ultrahigh gravimetric and volumetric capacities of 404.5 mA h g-1 and 281.3 mA h cm-3 at 0.05 A/g, respectively, and a superb capacity of 259.3 mA h g-1 with a capacity retention ratio of 90 % even after 600 cycles at 5 A/g. This work presents a simple Ni-based template method to prepare graphene-like carbon nanosheets with high packing density and rich heteroatoms, and offers mechanism insight for achieving superior K-ion storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunliu Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xuehui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zongying Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Weiqian Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jingwei Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jing Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Minghua Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jingyi Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Huanlei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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5
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Wu M, Zheng W, Hu X, Zhan F, He Q, Wang H, Zhang Q, Chen L. Exploring 2D Energy Storage Materials: Advances in Structure, Synthesis, Optimization Strategies, and Applications for Monovalent and Multivalent Metal-Ion Hybrid Capacitors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2205101. [PMID: 36285775 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The design and development of advanced energy storage devices with good energy/power densities and remarkable cycle life has long been a research hotspot. Metal-ion hybrid capacitors (MHCs) are considered as emerging and highly prospective candidates deriving from the integrated merits of metal-ion batteries with high energy density and supercapacitors with excellent power output and cycling stability. The realization of high-performance MHCs needs to conquer the inevitable imbalance in reaction kinetics between anode and cathode with different energy storage mechanisms. Featured by large specific surface area, short ion diffusion distance, ameliorated in-plane charge transport kinetics, and tunable surface and/or interlayer structures, 2D nanomaterials provide a promising platform for manufacturing battery-type electrodes with improved rate capability and capacitor-type electrodes with high capacity. In this article, the fundamental science of 2D nanomaterials and MHCs is first presented in detail, and then the performance optimization strategies from electrodes and electrolytes of MHCs are summarized. Next, the most recent progress in the application of 2D nanomaterials in monovalent and multivalent MHCs is dealt with. Furthermore, the energy storage mechanism of 2D electrode materials is deeply explored by advanced characterization techniques. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of 2D nanomaterials-based MHCs are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengcheng Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Wanying Zheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Xi Hu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Feiyang Zhan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing He
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Huayu Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R., 999077, P. R. China
| | - Lingyun Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
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6
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Zhang Y, Wei W, Zhu C, Gao Z, Shi J, Huang M, Liu S, Wang H. Interconnected honeycomb-like carbon with rich nitrogen/sulfur doping for stable potassium ion storage. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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7
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Zhao K, Chen C, La M, Yang C. O-Doping Configurations Reduce the Adsorption Energy Barrier of K-Ions to Improve the Electrochemical Performance of Biomass-Derived Carbon. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13050806. [PMID: 35630273 PMCID: PMC9143850 DOI: 10.3390/mi13050806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, atomic-doping has been proven to significantly improve the electrochemical performance of biomass-derived carbon materials, which is a promising modification strategy. Among them, there are relatively few reports about O-doping. Here, porous carbon derived from orange peel was prepared by simple carbonization and airflow-annealing processes. Under the coordination of microstructure and surface groups, the derived carbon had excellent electrochemical performance for the K-ion batteries’ anode, including a high reversible specific capacity of 320.8 mAh/g, high rate performance of 134.6 mAh/g at a current density of 2000 mA/g, and a retention rate of 79.5% even after 2000 long-term cycles, which shows great application potential. The K-ion storage mechanisms in different voltage ranges were discussed by using various characterization techniques, that is, the surface adsorbed of K-ionswas in the high-potential slope area, and the intercalation behavior corresponded to the low-potential quasi-plateau area. In addition, the density functional theory calculations further confirmed that O-doping can reduce the adsorption energy barrier of K-ions, change the charge density distribution, and promote the K-ion storage. In particular, the surface Faraday reaction between the C=O group and K-ions plays an important role in improving the electrochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- College of Information Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China
| | - Changdong Chen
- School of Enviornment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ming La
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China
| | - Chenghao Yang
- School of Enviornment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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8
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Conjugated microporous polymer derived N, O and S co-doped sheet-like carbon materials as anode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Wen P, Wang H, Wang X, Wang H, Bai Y, Yang Z. Exploring the physicochemical role of Pd dopant in promoting Li-ion diffusion dynamics and storage performance of NbS 2 at the atomic scale. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:14877-14885. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01340a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The two-dimensional layered niobium disulfide (NbS2), as a kind of anode material for Li-ion batteries, has received great attention because of its excellent electronic conductivity and structural stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piaopiao Wen
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials & Application Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Huangkai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials & Application Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Xianyou Wang
- National Base for International Science & Technology Cooperation, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Materials of New Energy Storage Battery, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion, School of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- NanChang JiaoTong Institute, Nanchang, 330100, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yansong Bai
- National Base for International Science & Technology Cooperation, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Materials of New Energy Storage Battery, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion, School of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenhua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials & Application Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, Hunan, China
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10
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N, O and S co-doped hierarchical porous carbon derived from a series of samara for lithium and sodium storage: Insights into surface capacitance and inner diffusion. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 598:250-259. [PMID: 33901850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Efficiently selecting biomass precursors to prepare porous carbon with rich pore structure and heteroatom doping, and clearly distinguishing the storage behavior of Li+ and Na+ in porous carbon are still the key issues for the development and utilization of biomass-based carbon materials. In this work, four kinds of samara with a hollow structure are used as carbon sources to prepare an N, O and S co-doped hierarchical porous carbon. As the anode for Li/Na-ion batteries, the reversible specific capacity of N, O and S co-doped hierarchical porous carbon (HPC-UP-6) is 1072.3 mAh·g-1 (0.0744 A·g-1) and 333.2 mAh·g-1 (0.1 A·g-1), respectively. The ultra-high specific capacity reveals the rationality of preferentially selecting plant fruits with hollow structures as precursors. In addition, further comparative studies show that the contribution rate of surface-induced capacitance in sodium-ion batteries is more than 10% higher than that in lithium-ion batteries, indicating that Na+ tends to be stored on the surface of porous carbon. This principle of selecting biomass precursors and the new understanding of the storage mechanism of Li+/Na+ in biomass-based porous carbon can guide the design and preparation of new carbon materials with high capacity and high-rate performance.
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Zhang D, Li L, Deng J, Gou Y, Fang J, Cui H, Zhao Y, Shang K. Application of 2D Materials to Potassium-Ion Hybrid Capacitors. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:1974-1986. [PMID: 33829675 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal-ion hybrid supercapacitors (MICs) are a new type of electrochemical energy storage (EES) device, consisting of a battery-type electrode and a supercapacitor (SC)-type electrode. Exhibiting the advantages of both batteries and SCs (e. g., good energy density, excellent power density and long cycle life), these advanced energy storage devices have considerable commercial application prospects. Among MICs, potassium-ion hybrid supercapacitors (PICs) have several further advantages, including abundancy of resources, low standard electrode potential, and low cost. PICs are regarded as potential substitutes for lithium- or sodium-ion hybrid supercapacitors. However, the practical applications of PICs remain limited, owing to the imbalance of kinetics and capacity between the electrodes, the slow ion/electron diffusion rate, and the poor electrode structural stability. Recently, 2D materials with distinct structures and fascinating features have elicited widespread attention for application in PICs, thus achieving significant enhancements, ranging from charge storage capacity to reaction kinetics. This Review discusses research progress in 2D materials for PICs. Firstly, the energy storage principle and development requirements of MICs are introduced. The pivotal advantages and significant roles of 2D materials in the fabrication of PICs are then discussed in detail. Lastly, the challenges and prospects of the application of 2D materials to high-performance PICs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Catalytic Foundation and Application, School of Chemistry and Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, P. R. China
| | - Le Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Automation, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Deng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Automation, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, P. R. China
| | - Yuchun Gou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Automation, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, P. R. China
| | - Junfei Fang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Automation, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, P. R. China
| | - Hong Cui
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Automation, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, P. R. China
| | - Yongqiang Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Automation, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, P. R. China
| | - Kun Shang
- College of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, P. R. China
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