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Ando H, Komura N. Recent progress in the synthesis of glycosphingolipids. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2024; 78:102423. [PMID: 38184907 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
To accelerate the biological study and application of the diverse functions of glycosphingolipids (GSLs), the production of structurally defined GSLs has been greatly demanded. In this review, we focus on the recent developments in the chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis of GSLs. In the chemical synthesis section, the syntheses based on glucosyl ceramide cassette, late-stage sialylation, and diversity-oriented strategies for GSLs or ganglioside synthesis are highlighted, which delivered terpioside B, fluorescent sialyl lactotetraosyl ceramide, and analogs of lacto-ganglio-series GSLs, respectively. In the chemoenzymatic synthesis section, the synthesis of ganglioside GM1 by multistep one-pot multienzyme method and the total synthesis of highly complex ganglioside LLG-5 using a water-soluble lactosyl ceramide as a key substrate for enzymatic sialylation are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromune Ando
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Naoko Komura
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Abstract
Synthetic methodologies for gangliosides have evolved over the past three decades. The strategies for constructing ganglioside skeletons can generally be classified as late-stage ceramide coupling, the glucosyl ceramide cassette strategy, or late-stage sialylation. Using these synthetic strategies, numerous natural gangliosides and their structural analogs, including functional probes, have been synthesized. This chapter describes the synthetic strategies for gangliosides and provides examples of the total synthesis of several gangliosides using each strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Imamura
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Hiromune Ando
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideharu Ishida
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Experimental and computational characterization of dynamic biomolecular interaction systems involving glycolipid glycans. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:219-228. [PMID: 35298725 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10056-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
On cell surfaces, carbohydrate chains that modify proteins and lipids mediate various biological functions, which are exerted not only through carbohydrate-protein interactions but also through carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions. These glycans exhibit considerable degrees of conformational variability and often form clusters providing multiple binding sites. The integration of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation has made it possible to delineate the dynamical structures of carbohydrate chains. This approach has facilitated the remodeling of oligosaccharide conformational space in the prebound state to improve protein-binding affinity and has been applied to visualize dynamic carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions that control glycoprotein-glycoprotein complex formation. Functional glycoclusters have been characterized by experimental and computational approaches applied to various model membranes and artificial self-assembling systems. This line of investigation has provided dynamic views of molecular assembling on glycoclusters, giving mechanistic insights into physiological and pathological molecular events on cell surfaces as well as clues for the design and creation of molecular systems exerting improved glycofunctions. Further development and accumulation of such studies will allow detailed understanding and artificial control of the "glycosynapse" foreseen by Dr. Sen-itiroh Hakomori.
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Takahashi M, Komura N, Yoshida Y, Yamaguchi E, Hasegawa A, Tanaka HN, Imamura A, Ishida H, Suzuki KGN, Ando H. Development of lacto-series ganglioside fluorescent probe using late-stage sialylation and behavior analysis with single-molecule imaging. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:868-885. [PMID: 35866169 PMCID: PMC9257605 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00083k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides are a family of sialic-acid-containing glycosphingolipids that form dynamic domains (lipid rafts) with proteins in cell plasma membranes (PMs), and are involved in various biological processes. The dynamic behavior...
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Affiliation(s)
- Maina Takahashi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Naoko Komura
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Yukako Yoshida
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Eriko Yamaguchi
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Ami Hasegawa
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Hide-Nori Tanaka
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Akihiro Imamura
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Hideharu Ishida
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Kenichi G N Suzuki
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Hiromune Ando
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
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Cañada FJ, Canales Á, Valverde P, de Toro BF, Martínez-Orts M, Phillips PO, Pereda A. Conformational and Structural characterization of carbohydrates and their interactions studied by NMR. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1147-1172. [PMID: 34225601 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210705154046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates, either free or as glycans conjugated with other biomolecules, participate in many essential biological processes. Their apparent simplicity in terms of chemical functionality hides an extraordinary diversity and structural complexity. Deeply deciphering at the atomic level their structures is essential to understand their biological function and activities, but it is still a challenging task in need of complementary approaches and no generalized procedures are available to address the study of such complex, natural glycans. The versatility of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR) often makes it the preferred choice to study glycans and carbohydrates in solution media. The most basic NMR parameters, namely chemical shifts, coupling constants and nuclear Overhauser effects, allow defining short or repetitive chain sequences and characterize their structures and local geometries either in the free state or when interacting with other biomolecules, rendering additional information on the molecular recognition processes. The increased accessibility to carbohydrate molecules extensively or selectively labeled with 13C boosts the resolution and detail that analyzed glycan structures can reach. In turn, structural information derived from NMR, complemented with molecular modeling and theoretical calculations can also provide dynamic information on the conformational flexibility of carbohydrate structures. Furthermore, using partially oriented media or paramagnetic perturbations, it has been possible to introduce additional long-range observables rendering structural information on longer and branched glycan chains. In this review, we provide examples of these studies and an overview of the recent and most relevant NMR applications in the glycobiology field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Cañada
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Canales
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. Complutense s/n, C.P. 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Valverde
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fernández de Toro
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Martínez-Orts
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. Complutense s/n, C.P. 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paola Oquist Phillips
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaia Pereda
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Yu H, Gadi MR, Bai Y, Zhang L, Li L, Yin J, Wang PG, Chen X. Chemoenzymatic Total Synthesis of GM3 Gangliosides Containing Different Sialic Acid Forms and Various Fatty Acyl Chains. J Org Chem 2021; 86:8672-8682. [PMID: 34152144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids that have been found in the cell membranes of all vertebrates. Their important biological functions are contributed by both the glycan and the ceramide lipid components. GM3 is a major ganglioside and a precursor for many other more complex gangliosides. To obtain structurally diverse GM3 gangliosides containing various sialic acid forms and different fatty acyl chains in low cost, an improved process was developed to chemically synthesize lactosyl sphingosine from an inexpensive l-serine derivative. It was then used to obtain GM3 sphingosines from diverse modified sialic acid precursors by an efficient one-pot multienzyme sialylation system containing Pasteurella multocida sialyltransferase 3 (PmST3) with in situ generation of sugar nucleotides. A highly effective chemical acylation and facile C18-cartridge purification process was then used to install fatty acyl chains of varying lengths and different modifications. The chemoenzymatic method represents a powerful total synthetic strategy to access a library of structurally defined GM3 gangliosides to explore their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Madhusudhan Reddy Gadi
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Bai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Libo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States.,Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Peng G Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Vibhute AM, Komura N, Tanaka HN, Imamura A, Ando H. Advanced Chemical Methods for Stereoselective Sialylation and Their Applications in Sialoglycan Syntheses. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3194-3223. [PMID: 34028159 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acid is an important component of cell surface glycans, which are responsible for many vital body functions and should therefore be thoroughly studied to understand their biological roles and association with disorders. The difficulty of isolating large quantities of homogenous-state sialoglycans from natural sources has inspired the development of the corresponding chemical synthesis methods affording acceptable purities, yields, and amounts. However, the related syntheses are challenging because of the difficulties in α-glycosylation of sialic acid, which arises from its certain structural features such as the absence of a stereodirecting group at the C3 position and presence of carboxyl group at the anomeric position. Moreover, the structural complexities of sialoglycans with diverse numbers and locations of sialic acid on the glycan chains pose additional barriers. Thus, efficient α-stereoselective routes to sialosides remain highly sought after, although various types of sialyl donors/acceptors have been developed for the straightforward synthesis of α-sialosides. Herein, we review the latest progress in the α-stereoselective synthesis of sialosides and their applications in the preparation of gangliosides and other sialoglycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol M Vibhute
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Naoko Komura
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hide-Nori Tanaka
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Akihiro Imamura
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.,Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiromune Ando
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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