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Gao P, Rahman MM, Zamalloa A, Feliciano J, Szostak M. Classes of Amides that Undergo Selective N-C Amide Bond Activation: The Emergence of Ground-State Destabilization. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13371-13391. [PMID: 36054817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ground-state destabilization of the N-C(O) linkage represents a powerful tool to functionalize the historically inert amide bond. This burgeoning reaction manifold relies on the availability of amide bond precursors that participate in weakening of the nN → π*C=O conjugation through N-C twisting, N pyramidalization, and nN electronic delocalization. Since 2015, acyl N-C amide bond activation through ground-state destabilization of the amide bond has been achieved by transition-metal-catalyzed oxidative addition of the N-C(O) bond, generation of acyl radicals, and transition-metal-free acyl addition. This Perspective summarizes contributions of our laboratory in the development of new ground-state-destabilized amide precursors enabled by twist and electronic activation of the amide bond and synthetic utility of ground-state-destabilized amides in cross-coupling reactions and acyl addition reactions. The use of ground-state-destabilized amides as electrophiles enables a plethora of previously unknown transformations of the amide bond, such as acyl coupling, decarbonylative coupling, radical coupling, and transition-metal-free coupling to forge new C-C, C-N, C-O, C-S, C-P, and C-B bonds. Structural studies of activated amides and catalytic systems developed in the past decade enable the view of the amide bond to change from the "traditionally inert" to "readily modifiable" functional group with a continuum of reactivity dictated by ground-state destabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Alfredo Zamalloa
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Jessica Feliciano
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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Liu C, Szostak M. Amide N-C Bond Activation: A Graphical Overview of Acyl and Decarbonylative Coupling. SYNOPEN 2023; 7:88-101. [PMID: 38037650 PMCID: PMC10686541 DOI: 10.1055/a-2035-6733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This Graphical Review provides an overview of amide bond activation achieved by selective oxidative addition of the N-C(O) acyl bond to transition metals and nucleophilic acyl addition, resulting in acyl and decarbonylative coupling together with key mechanistic details pertaining to amide bond distortion underlying this reactivity manifold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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Aravindan N, Vinayagam V, Jeganmohan M. A Ruthenium-Catalyzed Cyclization to Dihydrobenzo[ c]phenanthridinone from 7-Azabenzonorbornadienes with Aryl Amides. Org Lett 2022; 24:5260-5265. [PMID: 35838244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An efficient ruthenium(II)-catalyzed tandem C-C/C-N bond formation with aryl amides and 7-azabenzonorbornadienes has been developed to synthesize cis-fused dihydrobenzo[c]phenanthridinones. The amide group functions as a directing group as well as a leaving group and provides an easy access to the pharmaceutically useful benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids such as nitidine and fagaronine analogues. The present methodology is compatible with various functional groups with respect to azabicyclic alkenes and aromatic amides. The reaction mechanism involving directing-group-assisted C-H activation was proposed and supported by the deuterium labeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasingan Aravindan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Varathan Vinayagam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Masilamani Jeganmohan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
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Park MS, Lee S. Transition-metal-catalyst-free reaction of amides and acetonitriles: synthesis of β-ketonitriles. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00884j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The first example of the coupling reaction between amide and acetonitrile for the synthesis of β-ketonitriles was developed. Various amides provide the corresponding β-ketonitriles in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong Seong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
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Zuo B, Lu Z, Wu X, Fang W, Li W, Huang M, Yang D, Deng Q, Tu T. A
N
‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Palladacycle with Constrained Aliphatic Linker: Synthesis, Characterization and Its Catalytic Application towards Suzuki‐Miyaura Cross‐Coupling. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zuo
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 334 Jungong Road Shanghai 200093 P. R. China
| | - Zeye Lu
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wu
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 334 Jungong Road Shanghai 200093 P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Fang
- College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University 159 Longpan Road Nanjing Jiangsu 210037 P. R. China
| | - Wanfang Li
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 334 Jungong Road Shanghai 200093 P. R. China
| | - Mingxian Huang
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 334 Jungong Road Shanghai 200093 P. R. China
| | - Dong‐Yuan Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Qinyue Deng
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 334 Jungong Road Shanghai 200093 P. R. China
| | - Tao Tu
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
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Knochel P, Djukanovic D, Heinz B, Mandrelli F, Mostarda S, Filipponi P, Martin B. Continuous Flow Acylation of (Hetero)aryllithiums with Polyfunctional N,N-Dimethylamides and Tetramethylurea in Toluene. Chemistry 2021; 27:13977-13981. [PMID: 34387898 PMCID: PMC8519161 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The continuous flow reaction of various aryl or heteroaryl bromides in toluene in the presence of THF (1.0 equiv) with sec -BuLi (1.1 equiv) provided at 25 °C within 40 sec the corresponding aryllithiums which were acylated with various functionalized N,N-dimethylamides including easily enolizable amides at -20 °C within 27 sec, producing highly functionalized ketones in 48-90% yield (36 examples). This method was well suited for the preparation of α-chiral ketones such as naproxene and ibuprofen derived ketones with 99% ee . A one-pot stepwise bis-addition of two different lithium organometallics to 1,1,3,3-tetramethyurea (TMU) provided unsymmetrical ketones in 69-79% yield (9 examples).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Knochel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Department of Chemistry, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, München, GERMANY
| | - Dimitrije Djukanovic
- Ludwig Maximillians University Munich: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Benjamin Heinz
- Ludwig Maximillians University Munich: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Chemistry, GERMANY
| | | | - Serena Mostarda
- Novartis Pharma Schweiz AG, Chemical Development, SWITZERLAND
| | - Paolo Filipponi
- Novartis Pharma Schweiz AG, Chemical Development, SWITZERLAND
| | - Benjamin Martin
- Novartis Pharma Schweiz AG, Chemical Development, SWITZERLAND
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Dong ZB, Chen JQ. Recent Progress in Utilization of Functionalized Organometallic Reagents in Cross Coupling Reactions and Nucleophilic Additions. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOrganometallic compounds have become increasingly important in organic synthesis because of their high chemoselectivity and excellent reactivity. Recently, a variety of organometallic reagents were found to facilitate transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions and nucleophilic addition reactions. Here, we have summarized the latest progress in cross-coupling reactions and in nucleophilic addition reactions with functionalized organometallic reagents present to illustrate their application value. Due to the tremendous contribution made by the Knochel group towards the development of novel organometallic reagents, this review draws extensively from their work in this area in recent years.Introduction1 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Cross Couplings Involving Organozinc Reagents2 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Cross Couplings Involving Organomagnesium Reagents3 Transition-Metal-Free Cross Couplings Involving Zn and Mg Organometallic Reagents4 Nucleophilic Additions Involving Zn and Mg Organometallic Reagents5 Cross-Coupling Reactions or Nucleophilic Additions Involving Mn, Al-, La-, Li-, Sm- and In-Organometallics6 Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bing Dong
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemistry Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology
| | - Jin-Quan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology
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Miyoshi N, Kimura S, Kubo S, Ohmura SD, Ueno M. Chemoselective Ketone Synthesis by the Strontium‐mediated Alkylation or Arylation of
N
,
N
‐Dimethylamides or Urea. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Norikazu Miyoshi
- Department of Natural Science Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science Tokushima University 2-1 Minami-jousanjima Tokushima 770-8506 Japan
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences Tokushima University 1-1 Minami-jousanjima Tokushima 770-8502 Japan
| | - Shodai Kimura
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences Tokushima University 1-1 Minami-jousanjima Tokushima 770-8502 Japan
| | - Shigeki Kubo
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences Tokushima University 1-1 Minami-jousanjima Tokushima 770-8502 Japan
| | - Satoshi D. Ohmura
- Department of Natural Science Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science Tokushima University 2-1 Minami-jousanjima Tokushima 770-8506 Japan
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences Tokushima University 1-1 Minami-jousanjima Tokushima 770-8502 Japan
- Present address: National Institute of Technology Niihama College
| | - Masaharu Ueno
- Department of Natural Science Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science Tokushima University 2-1 Minami-jousanjima Tokushima 770-8506 Japan
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences Tokushima University 1-1 Minami-jousanjima Tokushima 770-8502 Japan
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