1
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Hong BC, Indurmuddam RR. Tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT), a compelling and trailblazing catalyst for visible-light-induced organic photocatalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3799-3842. [PMID: 38651982 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00171k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT) has recently emerged as an intriguing photocatalyst under visible-light or near-visible-light irradiation in a wide range of organic reactions that were previously not conceivable. Given its ability to absorb visible light and excellent effectiveness in activating unactivated chemical bonds, it is a promising addition to traditional photocatalysts. This review covers some of the contemporary developments in visible-light or near-visible-light photocatalysis reactions enabled by the TBADT catalyst to 2023, with the contents organized by reaction type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Cherng Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan.
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2
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Yi Y, Xi C. Organo-Photoredox Catalyzed C(sp 3 )-H Bond Arylation of Aliphatic Amides. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023:e202301585. [PMID: 38126961 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
A C(sp3 )-H bond arylation of aliphatic amides has been achieved via organophotoredox catalysis. The reaction could be realized at room temperature with visible light source and metal-free catalyst. Quinuclidine is employed as an efficient HAT reagent and a range of aliphatic amides is employed as both substrate and solvent in the reaction. This photocatalyzed transformation provides a convenient protocol to afford a board range of N-benzyl amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Yi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Chanjuan Xi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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3
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Taniguchi N, Hyodo M, Pan LW, Ryu I. Photocatalytic C(sp 3)-H thiolation by a double S H2 strategy using thiosulfonates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 38018244 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05149h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Site-selective C(sp3)-H thiolation using thiosulfonates has been achieved using the decatungstate anion as a photocatalyst. Using the protocol, a variety of thiolated compounds were synthesized in good yields. The transformation consists of a cascade of double SH2 reactions, HAT and ArS group transfer, and PCET (proton-coupled electron transfer) of the leaving arylsulfonyl radical to arylsulfinic acid thus allowing the catalyst, W10O324-, to be recovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobukazu Taniguchi
- Faculty of Liberal Arts, Sciences and Global Education, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Mamoru Hyodo
- Institute for Research Promotion, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Lin-Wei Pan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
| | - Ilhyong Ryu
- Institute for Research Promotion, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
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4
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Improved efficiency of photo-induced synthetic reactions enabled by advanced photo flow technologies. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:761-775. [DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00151-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Buglioni L, Raymenants F, Slattery A, Zondag SDA, Noël T. Technological Innovations in Photochemistry for Organic Synthesis: Flow Chemistry, High-Throughput Experimentation, Scale-up, and Photoelectrochemistry. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2752-2906. [PMID: 34375082 PMCID: PMC8796205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced chemical transformations have received in recent years a tremendous amount of attention, providing a plethora of opportunities to synthetic organic chemists. However, performing a photochemical transformation can be quite a challenge because of various issues related to the delivery of photons. These challenges have barred the widespread adoption of photochemical steps in the chemical industry. However, in the past decade, several technological innovations have led to more reproducible, selective, and scalable photoinduced reactions. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of these exciting technological advances, including flow chemistry, high-throughput experimentation, reactor design and scale-up, and the combination of photo- and electro-chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Buglioni
- Micro
Flow Chemistry and Synthetic Methodology, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Het Kranenveld, Bldg 14—Helix, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Raymenants
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aidan Slattery
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan D. A. Zondag
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Wan T, Wen Z, Laudadio G, Capaldo L, Lammers R, Rincón JA, García-Losada P, Mateos C, Frederick MO, Broersma R, Noël T. Accelerated and Scalable C(sp 3)-H Amination via Decatungstate Photocatalysis Using a Flow Photoreactor Equipped with High-Intensity LEDs. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:51-56. [PMID: 35106372 PMCID: PMC8796300 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-nitrogen bonds are ubiquitous in biologically active compounds, prompting synthetic chemists to design various methodologies for their preparation. Arguably, the ideal synthetic approach is to be able to directly convert omnipresent C-H bonds in organic molecules, enabling even late-stage functionalization of complex organic scaffolds. While this approach has been thoroughly investigated for C(sp2)-H bonds, only few examples have been reported for the direct amination of aliphatic C(sp3)-H bonds. Herein, we report the use of a newly developed flow photoreactor equipped with high intensity chip-on-board LED technology (144 W optical power) to trigger the regioselective and scalable C(sp3)-H amination via decatungstate photocatalysis. This high-intensity reactor platform enables simultaneously fast results gathering and scalability in a single device, thus bridging the gap between academic discovery (mmol scale) and industrial production (>2 kg/day productivity). The photocatalytic transformation is amenable to the conversion of both activated and nonactivated hydrocarbons, leading to protected hydrazine products by reaction with azodicarboxylates. We further validated the robustness of our manifold by designing telescoped flow approaches for the synthesis of pyrazoles, phthalazinones and free amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wan
- Flow
Chemistry Group, Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zhenghui Wen
- Flow
Chemistry Group, Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriele Laudadio
- Flow
Chemistry Group, Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Capaldo
- Flow
Chemistry Group, Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Lammers
- Flow
Chemistry Group, Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juan A. Rincón
- Centro
de Investigación Lilly S.A., Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas-Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Losada
- Centro
de Investigación Lilly S.A., Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas-Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - Carlos Mateos
- Centro
de Investigación Lilly S.A., Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas-Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - Michael O. Frederick
- Small Molecule
Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Rémy Broersma
- Signify
Research, High Tech Campus
7, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow
Chemistry Group, Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Duffy M, Di Filippo M, Baumann M. Synthesis of 2H-indazoles via the Cadogan reaction in batch and flow mode. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Hyodo M, Iwano H, Kasakado T, Fukuyama T, Ryu I. Using High-Power UV-LED to Accelerate a Decatungstate-Anion-Catalyzed Reaction: A Model Study for the Quick Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol to Benzoic Acid Using Molecular Oxygen. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12111307. [PMID: 34832719 PMCID: PMC8623277 DOI: 10.3390/mi12111307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High-power UV-LED irradiation (365 nm) effectively accelerated the decatungstate-anion-catalyzed oxidation of benzyl alcohol 1 to benzoic acid 3 via benzaldehyde 2. As the power of the UV-LED light increased, both the selectivity and yield of benzoic acid also increased. The reaction was finished within 1 h to give 3 in a 93% yield using 2 mol% of decatungstate anion catalyst. The combination of a flow photoreactor and high-power irradiation accelerated the oxidation reaction to an interval of only a few minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Hyodo
- Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (H.I.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (I.R.)
| | - Hitomi Iwano
- Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (H.I.); (T.K.)
| | - Takayoshi Kasakado
- Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (H.I.); (T.K.)
| | - Takahide Fukuyama
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan;
| | - Ilhyong Ryu
- Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (H.I.); (T.K.)
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (NYCU), Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (I.R.)
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9
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Capaldo L, Ravelli D, Fagnoni M. Direct Photocatalyzed Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) for Aliphatic C-H Bonds Elaboration. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1875-1924. [PMID: 34355884 PMCID: PMC8796199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Direct photocatalyzed
hydrogen atom transfer (d-HAT) can be considered
a method of choice for the elaboration of
aliphatic C–H bonds. In this manifold, a photocatalyst (PCHAT) exploits the energy of a photon to trigger the homolytic
cleavage of such bonds in organic compounds. Selective C–H
bond elaboration may be achieved by a judicious choice of the hydrogen
abstractor (key parameters are the electronic character and the molecular
structure), as well as reaction additives. Different are the classes
of PCsHAT available, including aromatic ketones, xanthene
dyes (Eosin Y), polyoxometalates, uranyl salts, a metal-oxo porphyrin
and a tris(amino)cyclopropenium radical dication. The processes (mainly
C–C bond formation) are in most cases carried out under mild
conditions with the help of visible light. The aim of this review
is to offer a comprehensive survey of the synthetic applications of
photocatalyzed d-HAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Capaldo
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Davide Ravelli
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Baumann M, Smyth M, Moody TS, Wharry S. Evaluating the Green Credentials of Flow Chemistry towards Industrial Applications. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1541-1761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractContinuous flow chemistry is becoming an established technology platform that finds frequent application in industrial chemical manufacture with support and endorsements by the FDA for pharmaceuticals. Amongst the various advantages that are commonly cited for flow chemistry over batch processing, sustainability continues to require further advances and joint efforts by chemists and chemical engineers in both academia and industry. This short review highlights developments between 2015 and early 2021 that positively impact on the green credentials associated with flow chemistry, specifically when applied to the preparation of pharmaceuticals. An industrial perspective on current challenges is provided to whet discussion and stimulate further investment towards achieving greener modern synthetic technologies.1 Introduction2 Subject Areas and Relevant Case Studies3 Industrial Outlook on Future Sustainability Driven through Continuous Manufacturing Approaches4 Conclusions and Outlook
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan Smyth
- Department of Technology, Almac Sciences Ltd
| | - Thomas S. Moody
- Department of Technology, Almac Sciences Ltd
- Arran Chemical Company
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11
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Ueda M, Kitano A, Matsubara H. A computational study of site-selective hydrogen abstraction by sulfate radical anion. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4775-4782. [PMID: 33978050 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00587a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Many hydrogen abstraction reactions on sp3 carbons with oxyradicals take place site-selectively (regioselectively). To investigate this selectivity, ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out using cyclopentanone and SO4-˙ as the substrate and oxyradical, respectively. At the ωB97XD/6-311+G(d,p) level, the energy barriers for the forward process (ΔE1‡) of both α- and β-hydrogen abstraction were predicted to be 54.6 and 50.9 kJ mol-1, respectively. Consideration of solvent effects (acetonitrile) decreased these energy barriers to 33.2 and 26.1 kJ mol-1, respectively. These calculation outcomes suggested that β-hydrogen abstraction would be favourable, which supports experimental findings (i.e. β-selective abstraction). At the ωB97XD level, investigations into hydrogen abstraction from cyclohexanone with SO4-˙ confirmed the regioselectivity observed experimentally. Hydrogen abstractions from 2-propylpyridine and 3-methyl-1-butanol using SO4-˙, which are unknown reactions, were also calculated using the DFT method, and the predicted regioselectivity was consistent with that in the known reactions using tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT). In addition, regioselectivities in unexplored hydrogen abstractions of cyclopentanone by several oxyradicals were predicted. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis carried out at the ωB97XD level indicated that the transferred hydrogen atom is partially positively charged when abstracted by an oxyradical. Interestingly, hydrogens bonded to the most positively charged carbon in the substrate were predominantly abstracted by oxyradicals in practice, which should be a simple compass for predicting regioselectivity in the functionalisation of C(sp3)-H bonds with oxyradicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ueda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Atsuki Kitano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Matsubara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
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Donnelly K, Baumann M. A continuous flow synthesis of [1.1.1]propellane and bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2871-2874. [PMID: 33616143 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc08124h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A continuous flow process to generate [1.1.1]propellane on demand is presented rendering solutions of [1.1.1]propellane that can directly be derivatised into various bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) species. This was realised in throughputs up to 8.5 mmol h-1 providing an attractive and straightforward access to gram quantities of selected BCP building blocks. Lastly, a continuous photochemical transformation of [1.1.1]propellane into valuable BCPs bearing mixed ester/acyl chloride moieties was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian Donnelly
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South, Belfield, D04 N2E2, Ireland.
| | - Marcus Baumann
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South, Belfield, D04 N2E2, Ireland.
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