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Adris D, Taskesenligil Y, Akyildiz V, Essiz S, Saracoglu N. Solvent-Mediated Tunable Regiodivergent C6- and N1-Alkylations of 2,3-Disubstituted Indoles with p-Quinone Methides. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3132-3147. [PMID: 36779866 PMCID: PMC9990074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Indium-catalyzed, solvent-enabled regioselective C6- or N1-alkylations of 2,3-disubstituted indoles with para-quinone methides are developed under mild conditions. Notably, highly selective and switchable alkylations were selectively achieved by adjusting the reaction conditions. Moreover, scalability and further transformations of the alkylation products are demonstrated, and this operationally simple methodology is amenable to the late-stage C6-functionalization of the indomethacin drug. The reaction pathways were explained with the support of experimental and density functional theory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douaa Adris
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
| | - Yunus Taskesenligil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
| | - Volkan Akyildiz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
| | - Selcuk Essiz
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Hakkari University, Hakkari 30000, Türkiye
| | - Nurullah Saracoglu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
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Cera G, Maestri G. Palladium/Brønsted Acid Catalysis for Hydrofunctionalizations of Alkynes: from Tsuji‐Trost Allylations to Stereoselective Methodologies. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Cera
- Universita degli Studi di Parma Dipartimento delle Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale Parco Area delle Scienze, 17/A 43124 Parma ITALY
| | - Giovanni Maestri
- University of Parma: Universita degli Studi di Parma Dipartimento delle Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale Parco Area delle Scienze, 17/A 43124 Parma ITALY
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Pan HP, Zhu ZQ, Qiu ZW, Liu HF, Ma JD, Li BQ, Feng N, Ma AJ, Peng JB, Zhang XZ. Dearomatization of 2,3-Disubstituted Indoles via 1,8-Addition of Propargylic (Aza)- para-Quinone Methides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16518-16534. [PMID: 34714074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dearomatization of indole is a useful strategy to access indolimines: a motif widely exists in biologically active molecules and natural products. Herein, an efficient method for the dearomatization of 2,3-disubstituted indoles to generate diverse indolimines with tetrasubstituted allenes is described. This work accomplishes dearomatization of 2,3-disubstituted indoles through 1,8-addition of (aza)-para-quinone methides, which are generated in situ from propargylic alcohols. A series of synthetically useful indolimines containing quaternary carbon centers and tetrasubstituted allenes can be accessed in good yields (up to 99%). Additionally, the separability of product isomers, diversified product transformations, and easy scale-up of the reaction demonstrate the potential application of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Peng Pan
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Wang Qiu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Fu Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Jiong-Dong Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Bao Qiong Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Na Feng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Ai-Jun Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Bao Peng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Zhi Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
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Xie JH, Zheng C, You SL. Palladium-Catalyzed Dearomative Methoxyallylation of 3-Nitroindoles with Allyl Carbonates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22184-22188. [PMID: 34273125 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report a Pd-catalyzed dearomative methoxyallylation of 3-nitroindoles with readily available allyl carbonates. Good yields (up to 86 %) and diastereoselectivity (up to >20:1 dr) are obtained for a wide range of substrates. The compatibility of gram-scale synthesis and the relatively low catalyst loading (down to 1 mol % of [Pd]) enhance the practicality of this method. The kinetic experiments indicate that the rate-determining step of this reaction is the nucleophilic attack of the alkoxide anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Palladium‐Catalyzed Dearomative Methoxyallylation of 3‐Nitroindoles with Allyl Carbonates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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