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Peter M, Yang Y, Li SM. A terpene cyclase from Aspergillus ustus is involved in the biosynthesis of geosmin precursor germacradienol. RSC Adv 2022; 12:28171-28177. [PMID: 36320281 PMCID: PMC9527937 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05033a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The earthy odor of geosmin with a C12 skeleton is known from bacteria, fungi and plants. The sesquiterpenoid germacradien-11-ol (germacradienol) is a crucial intermediate in the biosynthesis of geosmin. A bifunctional terpene cyclase for germacradienol formation and its degradation to geosmin had been described in bacteria. Terpene cyclases were also suggested for geosmin formation in basidiomycetes, but not reported for ascomycetes. We identified a putative terpene cyclase in Aspergillus ustus with low sequence homology to N-termini of the bacterial germacradienol/geosmin synthases. Heterologous expression in Aspergillus nidulans and biochemical characterization led to the identification of the geosmin precursor germacradienol as the sole detected enzyme product. Germacradienol synthase (GdlS) uses strictly farnesyl diphosphate as substrate for cyclization and requires Mg2+ for its reaction. Multiple sequence alignments with known enzymes indicate the presence of the highly conserved catalytic residues including the DDXXD motif for Mg2+ binding. Phylogenetic analysis suggests different clades of bacterial germacradienol/geosmin synthases and terpene cyclases from fungi. This study reports a terpene cyclase responsible for germacradienol formation in the ascomycetous fungus Aspergillus ustus. Both in vivo and in vitro data are provided.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Peter
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität MarburgRobert-Koch-Straße 435037 MarburgGermany
| | - Yiling Yang
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität MarburgRobert-Koch-Straße 435037 MarburgGermany
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität MarburgRobert-Koch-Straße 435037 MarburgGermany
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Li G, Zhang Z, Wu M, Chen X, Yin M, Jiang Y, Huang X, Jiang C, Han L. The discovery of germacradienol synthase: Construction of genetically-engineered strain, glycosylated modification, bioactive evaluation of germacradienol. Bioorg Chem 2022; 124:105819. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dickschat JS, Xu H. Mechanistic Investigations on Microbial Type I Terpene Synthases through Site-Directed Mutagenesis. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1675-8208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDuring the past three decades many terpene synthases have been characterised from all kingdoms of life. Enzymes of type I, from bacteria, fungi and protists, commonly exhibit several highly conserved motifs and single residues, and the available crystal structures show a shared α-helical fold, while the overall sequence identity is generally low. Several enzymes have been studied by site-directed mutagenesis, giving valuable insights into terpene synthase catalysis and the intriguing mechanisms of terpene synthases. Some mutants are also preparatively useful and give higher yields than the wild type or a different product that is otherwise difficult to access. The accumulated knowledge obtained from these studies is presented and discussed in this review.1 Introduction2 Residues for Substrate Binding and Catalysis3 Residues with Structural Function4 Residues Contouring the Active Site Cavity5 Other Residues6 Conclusions
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Avalos M, Garbeva P, Vader L, van Wezel GP, Dickschat JS, Ulanova D. Biosynthesis, evolution and ecology of microbial terpenoids. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 39:249-272. [PMID: 34612321 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00047k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Covering: through June 2021Terpenoids are the largest class of natural products recognised to date. While mostly known to humans as bioactive plant metabolites and part of essential oils, structurally diverse terpenoids are increasingly reported to be produced by microorganisms. For many of the compounds biological functions are yet unknown, but during the past years significant insights have been obtained for the role of terpenoids in microbial chemical ecology. Their functions include stress alleviation, maintenance of cell membrane integrity, photoprotection, attraction or repulsion of organisms, host growth promotion and defense. In this review we discuss the current knowledge of the biosynthesis and evolution of microbial terpenoids, and their ecological and biological roles in aquatic and terrestrial environments. Perspectives on their biotechnological applications, knowledge gaps and questions for future studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Avalos
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paolina Garbeva
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Vader
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Gilles P van Wezel
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.,University of Bonn, Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dana Ulanova
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, 200 Otsu, Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan.
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Lauterbach L, Hou A, Dickschat JS. Rerouting and Improving Dauc-8-en-11-ol Synthase from Streptomyces venezuelae to a High Yielding Biocatalyst. Chemistry 2021; 27:7923-7929. [PMID: 33769623 PMCID: PMC8252471 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The dauc‐8‐en‐11‐ol synthase from Streptomyces venezuelae was investigated for its catalytic activity towards alternative terpene precursors, specifically designed to enable new cyclisation pathways. Exchange of aromatic amino acid residues at the enzyme surface by site‐directed mutagenesis led to a 4‐fold increase of the yield in preparative scale incubations, which likely results from an increased enzyme stability instead of improved enzyme kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Lauterbach
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anwei Hou
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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