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Nguyen HD, Abe M. Crucial Roles of Leaving Group and Open-Shell Cation in Photoreaction of (Coumarin-4-yl)methyl Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10993-11001. [PMID: 38579283 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Photoreactions of (coumarin-4-yl)methyl derivatives have been extensively studied in many fields of chemistry, including organic synthesis and photoinduced drug delivery systems. The identification of the reaction intermediates involved in the photoreactions is crucial not only for elucidating the reaction mechanism but also for the application of the photoreactions. In this study, the photoreactions of 7-diethylamino(coumarin-4-yl)methyl thioester 1a [-SC(O)CH3], thionoester 1b [-OC(S)CH3], and ester 1c [-OC(O)CH3] were investigated to clarify the intermediary species and their chemical behavior. While a radical pair [i.e., 7-diethylamino(coumarin-4-yl)methyl radical and CH3C(O)S•] plays an important role in the photoreactions of 1a and 1b, an ion pair [i.e., 7-diethylamino(coumarin-4-yl)methyl cation, and CH3CO2-] was the key in the photoreaction of 1c. 18O-isotope-labeling of 1c revealed a negligible recombination process within the ion pair. The unprecedented observation was rationalized by the open-shell character of the 7-diethylamino(coumarin-4-yl)methyl cation, whose formation was confirmed through product analysis and transient absorption spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Dang Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advance Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advance Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Hiroshima, Japan
- Hiroshima Research Center for Photo-Drug-Delivery Systems (Hi-P-DDS), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Hiroshima, Japan
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2
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Gagarin AA, Minin AS, Shevyrin VA, Kostova IP, Benassi E, Belskaya NP. Photocaging of Carboxylic Function Bearing Biomolecules by New Thiazole Derived Fluorophore. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302079. [PMID: 37530503 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of a new fluorophore containing an arylidene thiazole scaffold resulted in a compound with good photophysical characteristics. Furthermore, the thiazole C5-methyl group was easily modified into specific functional groups (CH2 Br and CH2 OH) for the formation of a series of photocourier molecules containing model compounds (benzoic acids), as well as prodrugs, including salicylic acid, caffeic acid, and chlorambucil via a "benzyl" linker. Spectral characteristics (1 H, 13 C NMR, and high-resolution mass spectra) corresponded to the proposed structures. The photocourier molecules demonstrated absorption with high values of coefficient of molar extinction, exhibited contrasting green emission, and showed good dark stability. The mechanism of the photorelease was investigated through spectral analysis, HPLC-HRMS, and supported by TD-DFT calculations. The photoheterolysis and elimination of carboxylic acids were proved to occur in the excited state, yielding a carbocation as an intermediate moiety. The fluorophore structure provided stability to the carbocation through the delocalization of the positive charge via resonance structures. Viability assessment of Vero cells using the MTT-test confirmed the weak cytotoxicity of prodrugs without irradiation and it increase upon UV-light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey A Gagarin
- Department of Technology for Organic Synthesis, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., Yekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - Artem S Minin
- Department of Technology for Organic Synthesis, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., Yekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
- M. N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Science, 18S. Kovalevskaya Str., Yekaterinburg, 620108, Russia
| | - Vadim A Shevyrin
- Department of Technology for Organic Synthesis, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., Yekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - Irena P Kostova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Enrico Benassi
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nataliya P Belskaya
- Department of Technology for Organic Synthesis, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., Yekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
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Wang Q, Serda M, Li Q, Sun T. Recent Advancements on Self-Immolative System Based on Dynamic Covalent Bonds for Delivering Heterogeneous Payloads. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300138. [PMID: 36943096 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The precisely spatial-temporal delivery of heterogeneous payloads from a single system with the same pulse is in great demand in realizing versatile and synergistic functions. Very few molecular architectures can satisfy the strict requirements of dual-release translated from single triggers, while the self-immolative systems based on dynamic covalent bonds represent the "state-of-art" of ultimate solution strategy. Embedding heterogeneous payloads symmetrically onto the self-immolative backbone with dynamic covalent bonds as the trigger, can respond to the quasi-bio-orthogonal hallmarks which are higher at the disease's microenvironment to simultaneously yield the heterogeneous payloads (drug A/drug B or drug/reporter). In this review, the modular design principles are concentrated to illustrate the rules in tailoring useful structures, then the rational applications are enumerated on the aspects of drug codelivery and visualized drug-delivery. This review, hopefully, can give the general readers a comprehensive understanding of the self-immolative systems based on dynamic covalent bonds for delivering heterogeneous payloads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbing Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Maciej Serda
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, 40-006, Poland
| | - Quan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Boyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, 368 Youyidadao Avenue, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
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4
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Jiménez-López C, Nadler A. Caged lipid probes for controlling lipid levels on subcellular scales. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 72:102234. [PMID: 36493527 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipids exert their cellular functions in individual organelles, in some cases on the scale of even smaller, specialized membrane domains. Thus, the experimental capacity to precisely manipulate lipid levels at the subcellular level is crucial for studying lipid-related processes in cell biology. Photo-caged lipid probes which partition into specific cellular membranes prior to photoactivation have emerged as key tools for localized and selective perturbation of lipid concentration in living cells. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent advances in the area and outline which developments are still required for the methodology to be more widely implemented in the wider membrane biology community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - André Nadler
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
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Gupta A, Gautam A, Sasmal PK. Photoactivatable o-Hydroxycinnamic Platforms for Bioimaging and Therapeutic Release. J Med Chem 2022; 65:5274-5287. [PMID: 35344364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photoactivatable or photoremovable protecting groups (PPGs) have become a powerful material and gained enormous interest in the field of biomedical applications. PPGs have been utilized for noninvasive, on-demand, spatio-temporal controlled release of biological effectors by irradiation with light to induce biochemical function. Over the past few years, o-hydroxycinnamate (oHC)-based PPGs have received considerable attention for the release of molecules of interest by either UV (one-photon) or near-IR (two-photon) irradiation. In this miniperspective, we have summarized the development of oHC PPGs for bioimaging and the controlled release of therapeutics, bioactive volatiles and other payloads with real-time monitoring. In addition, several future perspectives of oHC systems have been highlighted at the end of this miniperspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Gupta
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Aryan Gautam
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pijus K Sasmal
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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Wang L, Wang S, Tang J, Espinoza VB, Loredo A, Tian Z, Weisman RB, Xiao H. Oxime as a general photocage for the design of visible light photo-activatable fluorophores. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15572-15580. [PMID: 35003586 PMCID: PMC8654061 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05351e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoactivatable fluorophores have been widely used for tracking molecular and cellular dynamics with subdiffraction resolution. In this work, we have prepared a series of photoactivatable probes using the oxime moiety as a new class of photolabile caging group in which the photoactivation process is mediated by a highly efficient photodeoximation reaction. Incorporation of the oxime caging group into fluorophores results in loss of fluorescence. Upon light irradiation in the presence of air, the oxime-caged fluorophores are oxidized to their carbonyl derivatives, restoring strong fluorophore fluorescence. To demonstrate the utility of these oxime-caged fluorophores, we have created probes that target different organelles for live-cell confocal imaging. We also carried out photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM) imaging under physiological conditions using low-power light activation in the absence of cytotoxic additives. Our studies show that oximes represent a new class of visible-light photocages that can be widely used for cellular imaging, sensing, and photo-controlled molecular release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lushun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University 6100 Main Street Houston Texas 77005 USA
| | - Shichao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University 6100 Main Street Houston Texas 77005 USA
| | - Juan Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University 6100 Main Street Houston Texas 77005 USA
| | - Vanessa B Espinoza
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University 6100 Main Street Houston Texas 77005 USA
| | - Axel Loredo
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University 6100 Main Street Houston Texas 77005 USA
| | - Zeru Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University 6100 Main Street Houston Texas 77005 USA
| | - R Bruce Weisman
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University 6100 Main Street Houston Texas 77005 USA
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University 6100 Main Street Houston Texas 77005 USA
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University 6100 Main Street Houston Texas 77005 USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University 6100 Main Street Houston Texas 77005 USA
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Chaud J, Morville C, Bolze F, Garnier D, Chassaing S, Blond G, Specht A. Two-Photon Sensitive Coumarinyl Photoremovable Protecting Groups with Rigid Electron-Rich Cycles Obtained by Domino Reactions Initiated by a 5- exo-Dig Cyclocarbopalladation. Org Lett 2021; 23:7580-7585. [PMID: 34506156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We herein report the design, synthesis, and photophysical characterization of extended and rigid coumarinyl derivatives showing large two-photon sensitivities (δaΦu ≤ 125 GM) at 740 and 800 nm. To efficiently synthesize these complex photoremovable protecting groups (PPGs), we used step-economic domino reactions. Moreover, those new coumarinyl PPGs display unique bathochromic shifts (≤100 nm) of the uncaging subproducts as a result of the formation of a more conjugated fulvene moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Chaud
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CAMB UMR 7199, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Clément Morville
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CAMB UMR 7199, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédéric Bolze
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CAMB UMR 7199, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Delphine Garnier
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CAMB UMR 7199, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.,Plateforme d'Analyse Chimique de Strasbourg-Illkirch, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, PACSI GDS 3670, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Stefan Chassaing
- Institut de Chimie, Laboratoire de Synthèse, Réactivité Organiques & Catalyse (LASYROC), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7177, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Gaëlle Blond
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7200, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexandre Specht
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CAMB UMR 7199, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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Photolytical reactions for light induced biological effectors release: on the road to the phototherapeutic window. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-021-01071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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