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Li Q, Yan F, Texter J. Polymerized and Colloidal Ionic Liquids─Syntheses and Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3813-3931. [PMID: 38512224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The breadth and importance of polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) are steadily expanding, and this review updates advances and trends in syntheses, properties, and applications over the past five to six years. We begin with an historical overview of the genesis and growth of the PIL field as a subset of materials science. The genesis of ionic liquids (ILs) over nano to meso length-scales exhibiting 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D topologies defines colloidal ionic liquids, CILs, which compose a subclass of PILs and provide a synthetic bridge between IL monomers (ILMs) and micro to macro-scale PIL materials. The second focus of this review addresses design and syntheses of ILMs and their polymerization reactions to yield PILs and PIL-based materials. A burgeoning diversity of ILMs reflects increasing use of nonimidazolium nuclei and an expanding use of step-growth chemistries in synthesizing PIL materials. Radical chain polymerization remains a primary method of making PILs and reflects an increasing use of controlled polymerization methods. Step-growth chemistries used in creating some CILs utilize extensive cross-linking. This cross-linking is enabled by incorporating reactive functionalities in CILs and PILs, and some of these CILs and PILs may be viewed as exotic cross-linking agents. The third part of this update focuses upon some advances in key properties, including molecular weight, thermal properties, rheology, ion transport, self-healing, and stimuli-responsiveness. Glass transitions, critical solution temperatures, and liquidity are key thermal properties that tie to PIL rheology and viscoelasticity. These properties in turn modulate mechanical properties and ion transport, which are foundational in increasing applications of PILs. Cross-linking in gelation and ionogels and reversible step-growth chemistries are essential for self-healing PILs. Stimuli-responsiveness distinguishes PILs from many other classes of polymers, and it emphasizes the importance of segmentally controlling and tuning solvation in CILs and PILs. The fourth part of this review addresses development of applications, and the diverse scope of such applications supports the increasing importance of PILs in materials science. Adhesion applications are supported by ionogel properties, especially cross-linking and solvation tunable interactions with adjacent phases. Antimicrobial and antifouling applications are consequences of the cationic nature of PILs. Similarly, emulsion and dispersion applications rely on tunable solvation of functional groups and on how such groups interact with continuous phases and substrates. Catalysis is another significant application, and this is an historical tie between ILs and PILs. This component also provides a connection to diverse and porous carbon phases templated by PILs that are catalysts or serve as supports for catalysts. Devices, including sensors and actuators, also rely on solvation tuning and stimuli-responsiveness that include photo and electrochemical stimuli. We conclude our view of applications with 3D printing. The largest components of these applications are energy related and include developments for supercapacitors, batteries, fuel cells, and solar cells. We conclude with our vision of how PIL development will evolve over the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - John Texter
- Strider Research Corporation, Rochester, New York 14610-2246, United States
- School of Engineering, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan 48197, United States
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He Q, Yan R, Hou W, Wang H, Tian Y. A pH-Responsive Zwitterionic Polyurethane Prodrug as Drug Delivery System for Enhanced Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2021; 26:5274. [PMID: 34500707 PMCID: PMC8434572 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous nanocarriers with excellent biocompatibilities have been used to improve cancer therapy. However, nonspecific protein adsorption of nanocarriers may block the modified nanoparticles in tumor cells, which would lead to inefficient cellular internalization. To address this issue, pH-responsive polyurethane prodrug micelles with a zwitterionic segment were designed and prepared. The micelle consisted of a zwitterionic segment as the hydrophilic shell and the drug Adriamycin (DOX) as the hydrophobic inner core. As a pH-responsive antitumor drug delivery system, the prodrug micelles showed high stability in a physiological environment and continuously released the drug under acidic conditions. In addition, the pure polyurethane carrier was demonstrated to be virtually non-cytotoxic by cytotoxicity studies, while the prodrug micelles were more efficient in killing tumor cells compared to PEG-PLGA@DOX. Furthermore, the DOX cellular uptake efficiency of prodrug micelles was proved to be obviously higher than the control group by both flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. This is mainly due to the modification of a zwitterionic segment with PU. The simple design of zwitterionic prodrug micelles provides a new strategy for designing novel antitumor drug delivery systems with enhanced cellular uptake rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian He
- Department of Emergency, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Alley No. 37, Chengdu 610041, China; (Q.H.); (W.H.)
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (R.Y.); (H.W.)
| | - Rui Yan
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (R.Y.); (H.W.)
| | - Wanting Hou
- Department of Emergency, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Alley No. 37, Chengdu 610041, China; (Q.H.); (W.H.)
| | - Haibo Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (R.Y.); (H.W.)
| | - Yali Tian
- West China School of Nursing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Alley No. 37, Chengdu 610041, China
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Zhang J, Shang C, Yu Z, Wang L, Tang J, Huang F. Effect of the Crosslinking Degree on Self-Healing Poly(1,2,3-Triazolium) Adhesive. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100236. [PMID: 34418203 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic covalent materials are a class of polymer that could be stress-relaxation, reprocessable, and self-healing due to dynamic crosslinks in network. Dynamic crosslinks play an important role in the typical characteristic of self-healing polymers. It is meaningful to understand the effect of crosslinking degree on the properties of poly(1,2,3-triazolium) (PTAM). In this article, the dynamic covalent network of PTAM adhesive has been used to study the effect of crosslinking degree. A series of PTAM adhesive with different crosslinking degrees have been obtained by changing the amount of crosslinker. Adhesion property can first rise then fall down with the increase of crosslinking degree and the best lap-shear strength is above 20 MPa. Creep resistance and solvent resistance can be enhanced with the increase of crosslinking degree. Self-healing studies have shown that crosslinking degree can enhance the ability of self-healing, but too high crosslinking degree raises the temperature of self-healing and causes side reaction which reduces the self-healing efficiency. These results provide some insights for the influence of the crosslinking degree on the self-healing and the structural design of dynamic covalent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Chengyuan Shang
- Research and Application Center for Structural Composites, Aerospace Research Institute of Materials & Processing Technology, Beijing, 100076, China
| | - Zhuoer Yu
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Linxiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Junkun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Farong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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Durga G, Kalra P, Kumar Verma V, Wangdi K, Mishra A. Ionic liquids: From a solvent for polymeric reactions to the monomers for poly(ionic liquids). J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Khorsand Kheirabad A, Saeedi Garakani S, Tan L, Yuan J. Ferrocene-Containing Porous Poly(Ionic Liquid) Membranes: Synthesis and Application as Sacrificial Template for Porous Iron Oxide Films. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100077. [PMID: 34061421 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the fabrication of iron-containing porous polyelectrolyte membranes (PPMs) via ionic complexation between an imidazolium-based poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) and 1,1-ferrocenedicarboxylic acid is reported. The key parameters to control the microstructure of porous hybrid membranes are investigated in detail. Further aerobic pyrolysis of such porous hybrid membranes at 900 °C can transfer the ferrocene-containing PPMs into freestanding porous iron oxide films. This process points out a sacrificial template function of porous poly(ionic liquid) membranes in the fabrication of porous metal oxide films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Khorsand Kheirabad
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Sadaf Saeedi Garakani
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Liangxiao Tan
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
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Jing BB, Mata P, Zhao Q, Evans CM. Effects of crosslinking density and Lewis acidic sites on conductivity and viscoelasticity of dynamic network electrolytes. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian B. Jing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
- Beckman Institute of Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
| | - Patricia Mata
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
| | - Qiujie Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
| | - Christopher M. Evans
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
- Beckman Institute of Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
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Xu J, Wang H, Du X, Cheng X, Du Z, Wang H. Highly Stretchable PU Ionogels with Self-Healing Capability for a Flexible Thermoelectric Generator. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:20427-20434. [PMID: 33882665 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the development of thermoelectric (TE) generator, the flexible, stretchable, self-healable, and wearable TE devices have aroused great interest. Therefore, we designed a self-healable and stretchable polyurethane (PU) ionogel, composed of polyurethane main chains with double bonds in the side, cross-linkers (BDB) and nonconjugated ionic liquids (EMIM:DCA). The PU ionogels with 30 wt % ILs have a high mechanical stretchability (300%), good tensile strength (1.61 MPa), and suitable Young's modulus (0.79 MPa). The proposed materials also exhibited an excellent ionic figure of merit (ZTi) of 0.99 ± 0.3, as well as rapid self-healability in the absence of any external stimuli. The thermoelectric capability of PU ionogels kept stable under the severe condition (50% strain) and during self-healing process, which is rarely reported in recent studies. Furthermore, a stretchable and self-healable ionic thermoelectric capacitor device is also fabricated by the PU ionogels, which can efficiently convert heat into electricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhuai Xu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosheng Du
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xu Cheng
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zongliang Du
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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Soman B, Evans CM. Effect of precise linker length, bond density, and broad temperature window on the rheological properties of ethylene vitrimers. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:3569-3577. [PMID: 33231233 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01544j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic networks which undergo topology conserving exchange reactions, sometimes called vitrimers, show properties intermediate to thermosets and thermoplastics. The dynamic nature of the networks results in complex rheological properties and has attracted much attention in the past decade for self-healing, malleable and recyclable polymers. Here, we investigate a series of precise, high crosslink density telechelic ethylene vitrimers as a function of temperature and crosslink density. The networks show a rubbery plateau at high frequencies and a terminal flow regime at lower frequencies. With increasing crosslink density, the rubbery plateau modulus shows a monotonic increase and the terminal flow shifts to lower frequencies. The plateau modulus at high frequency increases as a function of temperature, as expected for a conserved network topology. When plotted against inverse temperature, the zero shear viscosities show a characteristic Arrhenius behavior, and the activation energy monotonically increases with crosslink density. Crossover frequency and shift factors (from time temperature superposition) also show Arrhenius behavior with activation energies in good agreement with those determined from zero shear viscosity. A positive deviation from this Arrhenius trend is observed beginning as high as 100 K above the glass transition temperature for C6 and C8 networks. Further investigations of such networks are critical for the development of sustainable and recyclable replacements for commercial plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Soman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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Zhang C, Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Xue Z. Facile fabrication of robust gel poly(ionic liquid) electrolytes via base treatment at room temperature. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00736j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This article reports a facile fabrication of robust gel poly(ionic liquid) electrolytes via base treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongrui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhigang Xue
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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