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Haidar LL, Bilek M, Akhavan B. Surface Bio-engineered Polymeric Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310876. [PMID: 38396265 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Surface bio-engineering of polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) has emerged as a cornerstone in contemporary biomedical research, presenting a transformative avenue that can revolutionize diagnostics, therapies, and drug delivery systems. The approach involves integrating bioactive elements on the surfaces of PNPs, aiming to provide them with functionalities to enable precise, targeted, and favorable interactions with biological components within cellular environments. However, the full potential of surface bio-engineered PNPs in biomedicine is hampered by obstacles, including precise control over surface modifications, stability in biological environments, and lasting targeted interactions with cells or tissues. Concerns like scalability, reproducibility, and long-term safety also impede translation to clinical practice. In this review, these challenges in the context of recent breakthroughs in developing surface-biofunctionalized PNPs for various applications, from biosensing and bioimaging to targeted delivery of therapeutics are discussed. Particular attention is given to bonding mechanisms that underlie the attachment of bioactive moieties to PNP surfaces. The stability and efficacy of surface-bioengineered PNPs are critically reviewed in disease detection, diagnostics, and treatment, both in vitro and in vivo settings. Insights into existing challenges and limitations impeding progress are provided, and a forward-looking discussion on the field's future is presented. The paper concludes with recommendations to accelerate the clinical translation of surface bio-engineered PNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Libnan Haidar
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Marcela Bilek
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Behnam Akhavan
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), Precision Medicine Program, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
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Kali G, Haddadzadegan S, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Cyclodextrins and derivatives in drug delivery: New developments, relevant clinical trials, and advanced products. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121500. [PMID: 37985088 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CD) and derivatives are functional excipients that can improve the bioavailability of numerous drugs. Because of their drug solubility improving properties they are used in many pharmaceutical products. Furthermore, the stability of small molecular drugs can be improved by the incorporation in CDs and an unpleasant taste and smell can be masked. In addition to well-established CD derivatives including hydroxypropyl-β-CD, hydroxypropyl-γ-CD, methylated- β-CD and sulfobutylated- β-CD, there are promising new derivatives in development. In particular, CD-based polyrotaxanes exhibiting cellular uptake enhancing properties, CD-polymer conjugates providing sustained drug release, enhanced cellular uptake, and mucoadhesive properties, and thiolated CDs showing mucoadhesive, in situ gelling, as well as permeation and cellular uptake enhancing properties will likely result in innovative new drug delivery systems. Relevant clinical trials showed various new applications of CDs such as the formation of CD-based nanoparticles, stabilizing properties for protein drugs or the development of ready-to-use injection systems. Advanced products are making use of various benefical properties of CDs at the same time. Within this review we provide an overview on these recent developments and take an outlook on how this class of excipients will further shape the landscape of drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Kali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Soheil Haddadzadegan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
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Cyclodextrin-Based Polymeric Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061400. [PMID: 36987181 PMCID: PMC10052104 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are one of the most extensively studied cyclic-oligosaccharides due to their low toxicity, good biodegradability and biocompatibility, facile chemical modification, and unique inclusion capacity. However, problems such as poor pharmacokinetics, plasma membrane disruption, hemolytic effects and a lack of target specificity still exist for their applications as drug carriers. Recently, polymers have been introduced into CDs to combine the advantages of both biomaterials for the superior delivery of anticancer agents in cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize four types of CD-based polymeric carriers for the delivery of chemotherapeutics or gene agents for cancer therapy. These CD-based polymers were classified based on their structural properties. Most of the CD-based polymers were amphiphilic with the introduction of hydrophobic/hydrophilic segments and were able to form nanoassemblies. Anticancer drugs could be included in the cavity of CDs, encapsulated in the nanoparticles or conjugated on the CD-based polymers. In addition, the unique structures of CDs enable the functionalization of targeting agents and stimuli-responsive materials to realize the targeting and precise release of anticancer agents. In summary, CD-based polymers are attractive carriers for anticancer agents.
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Argenziano M, Arpicco S, Brusa P, Cavalli R, Chirio D, Dosio F, Gallarate M, Peira E, Stella B, Ugazio E. Developing Actively Targeted Nanoparticles to Fight Cancer: Focus on Italian Research. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101538. [PMID: 34683830 PMCID: PMC8540327 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Active targeting is a valuable and promising approach with which to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of nanodelivery systems, and the development of tumor-targeted nanoparticles has therefore attracted much research attention. In this field, the research carried out in Italian Pharmaceutical Technology academic groups has been focused on the development of actively targeted nanosystems using a multidisciplinary approach. To highlight these efforts, this review reports a thorough description of the last 10 years of Italian research results on the development of actively targeted nanoparticles to direct drugs towards different receptors that are overexpressed on cancer cells or in the tumor microenvironment. In particular, the review discusses polymeric nanocarriers, liposomes, lipoplexes, niosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, squalene nanoassemblies and nanobubbles. For each nanocarrier, the main ligands, conjugation strategies and target receptors are described. The literature indicates that polymeric nanoparticles and liposomes stand out as key tools for improving specific drug delivery to the site of action. In addition, solid lipid nanoparticles, squalene nanoparticles and nanobubbles have also been successfully proposed. Taken together, these strategies all offer many platforms for the design of nanocarriers that are suitable for future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Arpicco
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (M.G.); Tel.: +39-011-670-6668 (S.A.); +39-011-670-7194 (M.G.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marina Gallarate
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (M.G.); Tel.: +39-011-670-6668 (S.A.); +39-011-670-7194 (M.G.)
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Hwang C, Lee SY, Kim HJ, Lee K, Lee J, Kim DD, Cho HJ. Polypseudorotaxane and polydopamine linkage-based hyaluronic acid hydrogel network with a single syringe injection for sustained drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 266:118104. [PMID: 34044922 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polypseudorotaxane structure and polydopamine bond-based crosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels including donepezil-loaded microspheres were developed for subcutaneous injection. Both dopamine and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were covalently bonded to the HA polymer for catechol polymerization and inclusion complexation with alpha-cyclodextrin (α-CD), respectively. A PEG chain of HA-dopamine-PEG (HD-PEG) conjugate was threaded with α-CD to make a polypseudorotaxane structure and its pH was adjusted to 8.5 for dopamine polymerization. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/donepezil microsphere (PDM) was embedded into the HD-PEG network for its sustained release. The HD-PEG/α-CD/PDM 8.5 hydrogel system exhibited an immediate gelation pattern, injectability through single syringe, self-healing ability, and shear-thinning behavior. Donepezil was released from the HD-PEG/α-CD/PDM 8.5 hydrogel in a sustained pattern. Following subcutaneous injection, the weight of excised HD-PEG/α-CD/PDM 8.5 hydrogel was higher than the other groups on day 14. These findings support the clinical feasibility of the HD-PEG/α-CD/PDM 8.5 hydrogel for subcutaneous injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChaeRim Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yi Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea; Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Jun Kim
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - KangJu Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Department of Healthcare and Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Junmin Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Dae-Duk Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jong Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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