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Zhang L, Xiao Q, Xiao Z, Zhang Y, Weng H, Chen F, Xiao A. Hydrophobic modified agar: Structural characterization and application in encapsulation and release of curcumin. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 308:120644. [PMID: 36813337 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, three kinds of anhydrides with different structures were introduced into agar molecules to study the effects of varying degrees of substitution (DS) and anhydride structures on the physicochemical properties and curcumin (CUR) loading capacity. Increasing the carbon chain length and saturation of the anhydride affects the hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding of the esterified agar, thereby changing the stable structure of the agar. Although the gel performance declined, the hydrophilic carboxyl group and the loose porous structure provide more binding sites for the adsorption of water molecules, hence providing excellent water retention (1700 %). Next, CUR was used as a hydrophobic active ingredient to study agar microspheres' drug encapsulation and in vitro release ability. Results showed that the excellent swelling and hydrophobic structure of esterified agar could promote the encapsulation of CUR (70.3 %). The release process is controlled by pH, and the release of CUR under weak alkaline conditions is significant, which can be explained by the pore structure, swelling characteristics, and carboxyl binding of agar. Therefore, this study shows the application potential of hydrogel microspheres in loading hydrophobic active ingredients and sustained release and provides the possibility for the application of agar in drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Zhang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qiong Xiao
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zhechen Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Huifen Weng
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Fuquan Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Anfeng Xiao
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Kirillova A, Yeazel TR, Gall K, Becker ML. Thiol-Based Three-Dimensional Printing of Fully Degradable Poly(propylene fumarate) Star Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:38436-38447. [PMID: 35977091 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Poly(propylene fumarate) star polymers photochemically 3D printed with degradable thiol cross-linkers yielded highly tunable biodegradable polymeric materials. Tailoring the alkene:thiol ratio (5:1, 10:1, 20:1 and 30:1) and thus the cross-link density within the PPF star systems yielded a wide variation of both the mechanical and degradation properties of the printed materials. Fundamental trends were established between the polymer network cross-link density, glass transition temperature, and tensile and thermomechanical properties of the materials. The tensile properties of the PPF star-based systems were compared to commercial state-of-the-art non-degradable polymer resins. The thiolene-cross-linked materials are fully degradable and possess properties over a wide range of mechanical properties relevant to regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Kirillova
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Taylor R Yeazel
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ken Gall
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Matthew L Becker
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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Shin Y, Becker ML. Gradient versus End-Capped Degradable Polymer Sequence Variations Result in Stiff to Elastic Photochemically 3D-Printed Substrates. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2106-2115. [PMID: 35471033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing affords the construction of complex scaffolds for tissue engineering, yet the limitation in material choice remains a barrier to clinical translation. Herein, a series of poly(propylene fumarate-co-propylene succinate) were synthesized using both one-pot and sequential ring-opening copolymerization reactions. Continuous liquid interface production-based photochemical 3D printing utilizing thiol-ene chemistry was used to fabricate precise structures with improved build time over the traditional poly(propylene fumarate)/diethyl fumarate 3D printing processes. Significantly, the materials do not exhibit a yield point under tension and Young's modulus of the 3D printed products can be tuned by more than 2 orders of magnitude (0.6-110 MPa) using polymer composition and the degree of polymerization. Printed constructs degrade fully under hydrolytic conditions and degradation rates can be tailored using polymer composition, polymer sequence, and resin formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Matthew L Becker
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States.,Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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Hydrogel Polyester Scaffolds via Direct-Ink-Writing of Ad Hoc Designed Photocurable Macromonomer. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040711. [PMID: 35215623 PMCID: PMC8876641 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic, degradable macromonomers have been developed to serve as ink for 3D printing technologies based on direct-ink-writing. The macromonomers are purposely designed to be cross-linkable under the radical mechanism, to impart hydrophilicity to the final material, and to have rheological properties matching the printer’s requirements. The suitable viscosity enables the ink to be printed at room temperature, in absence of organic solvents, and to be cross-linked to manufacture soft 3D scaffolds that show no indirect cytotoxicity and have a hydration capacity of up to 100% their mass and a compressive modulus in the range of 0.4–2 MPa.
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Kirillova A, Yeazel TR, Asheghali D, Petersen SR, Dort S, Gall K, Becker ML. Fabrication of Biomedical Scaffolds Using Biodegradable Polymers. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11238-11304. [PMID: 33856196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Degradable polymers are used widely in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Maturing capabilities in additive manufacturing coupled with advances in orthogonal chemical functionalization methodologies have enabled a rapid evolution of defect-specific form factors and strategies for designing and creating bioactive scaffolds. However, these defect-specific scaffolds, especially when utilizing degradable polymers as the base material, present processing challenges that are distinct and unique from other classes of materials. The goal of this review is to provide a guide for the fabrication of biodegradable polymer-based scaffolds that includes the complete pathway starting from selecting materials, choosing the correct fabrication method, and considering the requirements for tissue specific applications of the scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Kirillova
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Taylor R Yeazel
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Darya Asheghali
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Shannon R Petersen
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Sophia Dort
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ken Gall
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Matthew L Becker
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States.,Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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Bass GF, Shin Y, Becker ML. Regio-Random Clemmensen Reduction of Biodegradable Polyesters for Photochemically Triggered 3D Printing. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Garrett F. Bass
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
- Departments of Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering & Material Science, Biomedical Engineering and Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Yongjun Shin
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
- Departments of Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering & Material Science, Biomedical Engineering and Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Matthew L. Becker
- Departments of Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering & Material Science, Biomedical Engineering and Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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Duan R, Zhou Y, Huang Y, Sun Z, Zhang H, Pang X, Chen X. A trinuclear salen-Al complex for copolymerization of epoxides and anhydride: mechanistic insight into a cocatalyst-free system. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:133-136. [PMID: 33295372 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06874h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A rare example of a trinuclear salen-Al complex is reported. Due to the intramolecular interaction, the trinuclear salen-Al complex can catalyze copolymerization with high activity in the absence of any cocatalyst. On the basis of a covalent coordination insertion mechanism, ABC(1)C(2) type tetrablock copolymers were produced using an hydroxyl initiator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranlong Duan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
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