1
|
Zhou S, Zhang M, Yuan Y, Ren L, Chen Y, Li W, Zhang A, Yan J. Visible Light [2 + 2] Cycloadditions of Thermoresponsive Dendronized Styryltriazines To Exhibit Tunable Microconfinement. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:866-873. [PMID: 38935045 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Visible light-triggered photochemical reactions in aqueous media are highly valuable to tailor molecular structures and properties in an ecofriendly manner. Here we report visible light-induced catalyst-free [2 + 2] cycloadditions of thermoresponsive dendronized styryltriazines, which show tunable microconfinement to guest dyes in aqueous media. These dendronized styryltriazines are constituted of conjugated mono- or tristyryltriazines, which carry hydrophilic dendritic oligoethylene glycol (OEG) pendants. They underwent efficient [2 + 2] cycloadditions to form dendronized cyclobutane dimers or oligomers in water through irradiation with visible light of 400 nm, and their cycloaddition behavior was dominated by dendritic architectures and solvent conditions. Dendronization with dendritic OEGs also afforded them characteristic thermoresponsive properties with tunable phase transition temperatures in the range 36-65 °C, which can be further modulated through photocycloaddition of styryltriazine chromophores. Importantly, dendronized styryltriazines can form tunable microenvironments in aqueous media, which encapsulate hydrophobic solvatochromic Nile red to exhibit variable photophysical properties. The encapsulated guest dye can be simultaneously released through noninvasive visible light-induced [2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Zhou
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 380, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 380, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 380, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Liangxuan Ren
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 380, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yuqiang Chen
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 380, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Wen Li
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 380, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Afang Zhang
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 380, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiatao Yan
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 380, Shanghai 200444, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Espuche B, Moya SE, Calderón M. Nanogels: Smart tools to enlarge the therapeutic window of gene therapy. Int J Pharm 2024; 653:123864. [PMID: 38309484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Gene therapy can potentially treat a great number of diseases, from cancer to rare genetic disorders. Very recently, the development and emergency approval of nucleic acid-based COVID-19 vaccines confirmed its strength and versatility. However, gene therapy encounters limitations due to the lack of suitable carriers to vectorize therapeutic genetic material inside target cells. Nanogels are highly hydrated nano-size crosslinked polymeric networks that have been used in many biomedical applications, from drug delivery to tissue engineering and diagnostics. Due to their easy production, tunability, and swelling properties they have called the attention as promising vectors for gene delivery. In this review, nanogels are discussed as vectors for nucleic acid delivery aiming to enlarge gene therapy's therapeutic window. Recent works highlighting the optimization of inherent transfection efficiency and biocompatibility are reviewed here. The importance of the monomer choice, along with the internal structure, surface decoration, and responsive features are outlined for the different transfection modalities. The possible sources of toxicological endpoints in nanogels are analyzed, and the strategies to limit them are compared. Finally, perspectives are discussed to identify the remining challenges for the nanogels before their translation to the market as transfection agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Espuche
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; POLYMAT, Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Sergio E Moya
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Marcelo Calderón
- POLYMAT, Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qi S, Lu X, Mei W, Gu G, Li W, Zhang A. Supramolecular assembly of dendronized spiropyrans in aqueous solutions into nanospheres with photo- and thermo-responsive chiralities. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:18053-18067. [PMID: 37916417 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03729k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring the amphiphilicity of a molecule through external stimuli can alter the balance between self-association and repulsion, resulting in different propensities for its assembly. Here we report on the supramolecular assembly of a series of dendronized spiropyrans (DSPs) in water. These DSPs carry 3-fold dendritic oligoethylene glycols (OEGs) with either methoxyl or ethoxyl terminals for different hydrophilicities, and contain an Ala-Gly dipeptide to provide the chirality. These dendronized amphiphiles form supramolecular nanospheres in aqueous solutions with remarkable induced chirality to a level of 1.0 × 106 deg cm2 dmol-1. They can be tuned reversibly through photoisomerization of the spiropyran moieties from the hydrophobic SP form into the hydrophilic MC form, and can even become chirally silent through thermally mediated collapse of the dendritic OEGs. Photoisomerization of the spiropyran moieties in these DSPs is accompanied by simultaneous changes of UV absorption, fluorescence emission, supramolecular chirality and aqueous solution colors. These supramolecular nanospheres exhibit characteristic thermoresponsive behavior due to thermal collapse of the dendritic OEGs with their cloud point temperatures (Tcps) being dependent on the overall hydrophilicity of the molecules and also the aggregate morphologies resulting from how dendritic OEGs are wrapped around the aggregates. Both photo-irradiation-mediated isomerization of the spiropyran moieties and thermally mediated dehydration and collapse of the dendritic OEGs influence the amphiphilicity of these DSPs and their solvation by water, leading to varied driving forces for their assembly. NMR, circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence spectroscopy techniques, as well as DLS and AFM techniques are combined to follow the supramolecular assembly and illustrate the aggregation mechanism. All experimental results demonstrate that the reversible chirality of the aggregates originates from the balance between dendritic OEGs and spiropyran moieties against water solvation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanbin Qi
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Xueting Lu
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Wenli Mei
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Guanglei Gu
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Wen Li
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Afang Zhang
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fan X, Liu X, Liu F, Gu H. Thermo/β-cyclodextrin-responsive ferrocenyl hydrogels constructed by ROMP reaction. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
5
|
Dendronized Gelatin-Mediated Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27186096. [PMID: 36144835 PMCID: PMC9500934 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive dendronized gelatins (GelG1) or gelatin methacrylates (GelG1MA) were used as precursors to modulate the efficient reduction of Au(III) to form stable gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) through UV irradiation. These dendronized gelatins were obtained through the amidation of gelatin or gelatin methacrylates with dendritic oligoethylene glycols (OEGs). Crowded OEG dendrons along the gelatin backbones create a hydrophobic microenvironment, which promotes the reduction of Au(III). Gelatin backbones act as ligands through the electron-rich groups to facilitate the reduction, while the dendritic OEGs provide shielding effects through crowding to form a hydrophobic microenvironment, which not only enhances the reduction but also stabilize the formed AuNPs through encapsulation. The effects of dendron coverage on the dendronized biomacromolecules and their thermoresponsiveness on the reduction kinetics were examined. Dendronized gelatin/AuNPs hydrogels were further prepared through the in situ photo-crosslinking of GelG1MA. The modification of natural macromolecules through dendronization presented in this report facilitates a novel platform for the environmentally friendly synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles, which may form a new strategy for developing smart nano-biosensors and nano-devices.
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu G, Zhang J, Qi M, Zhang X, Li W, Zhang A. Thermoresponsive dendritic oligoethylene glycols. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:11848-11855. [PMID: 35510425 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01286c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Monodispersed molecules of low molar masses showing thermoresponsiveness are appealing both for mechanism investigation of the thermally-modulated dehydration and aggregation on molecular levels and for designing functional intelligent materials. In the present report, thermoresponsive properties of a homologous series of monodispersed dendritic macromolecules carrying three-, four- or six-fold dendritic oligoethylene glycol (OEG) segments were investigated. These dendritic macromolecules carry either methoxyl or ethoxyl terminals, and have different cores (alcohol, methyl ester or methacryloyl) to exhibit different overall hydrophilicity. They show characteristic thermoresponsive properties with sharp phase transitions when suitable structural units are combined. Three structural factors determine their phase transition temperatures, including the cores, branching density and peripheral terminals. Thermally-induced collapse and aggregation are monitored with temperature-varied NMR spectroscopy at the microscale level and optical microscopy at the macroscale level. At elevated temperature, these dendritic macromolecules undergo fast exchange between the dehydrated and the hydrated states. These dendritic macromolecules afford structure-dependent confinement to guest dyes through their multi-valent interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic & Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic & Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Mengyuan Qi
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic & Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Xiacong Zhang
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic & Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Wen Li
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic & Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Afang Zhang
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic & Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Polo Fonseca L, Felisberti MI. Thermo- and UV-responsive amphiphilic nanogels via reversible [4+4] photocycloaddition of PEG/PCL-based polyurethane dispersions. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
8
|
Zhang DX, Wang R, Cao H, Luo J, Jing TF, Li BX, Mu W, Liu F, Hou Y. Emamectin benzoate nanogel suspension constructed from poly(vinyl alcohol)-valine derivatives and lignosulfonate enhanced insecticidal efficacy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 209:112166. [PMID: 34739877 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
To reduce the negative impact of nanopesticide carriers of on the environment, a greener nanodelivery system is necessary. Nanogels are nontoxic and degradable carriers, however, the potential of nanogels for delivering pesticides has not been proven. In this study, poly(vinyl alcohol)-valine, an ecofriendly polymer, was synthesized and used to fabricate emamectin benzoate nanogel suspension (EB NS). The nanoformulation showed favorable stability at low temperature, high temperature or one year storage, and in water with different hardnesses. The retention of the EB NS solution on leaves was higher than that of an EB emulsifiable concentrate (EC) by approximately 9% at a concentration of 10 mg L-1. The half-life of EB nanogels under Ultra Violet irradiation was prolonged by 3.3-fold. Moreover, the bioactivity of the EB NS against Plutella xylostella was higher than that of the EB EC. These advantages resulted in a relatively long duration of pest control. The response of nanogels to laccase, a digestive enzyme in the digestive tract of lepidopteran pests, enables pesticide release on demand. Nanogels have the advantages of being ecofriendly carriers, exhibiting higher utilization, and prolonged pest control periods, and they have a brilliant future in pesticide delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Xia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education & Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Haichao Cao
- College of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Jian Luo
- College of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Tong-Fang Jing
- College of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Bei-Xing Li
- College of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Wei Mu
- College of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Youming Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education & Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wu D, Liu K, Ren L, Zhu L, Yan J, Li W, Zhang X, Zhang A. [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition-Mediated Intra- and Intermolecular Cross-Linking of Thermoresponsive Dendronized Polymethacrylates. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Materials Building Room 447, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Materials Building Room 447, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Liangxuan Ren
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Materials Building Room 447, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Materials Building Room 447, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiatao Yan
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Materials Building Room 447, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Wen Li
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Materials Building Room 447, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiacong Zhang
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Materials Building Room 447, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Afang Zhang
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Materials Building Room 447, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu G, Liu K, Xu B, Yao Y, Li W, Yan J, Zhang A. Confined Microenvironments from Thermoresponsive Dendronized Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000325. [PMID: 32639094 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Confined microenvironments in biomacromolecules arising from molecular crowding account for their well-defined biofunctions and bioactivities. To mimick this, synthetic polymers to form confined structures or microenvironments are of key scientific value, which have received significant attention recently. To create synthetic confined microenvironments, molecular crowding effects and topological cooperative effects have been applied successfully, and the key is balance between self-association of structural units and self-repulsion from crowding-induced steric hindrance. In this article, formation of confined microenvironments from stimuli-responsive dendronized polymers carrying densely dendritic oligoethylene glycols (OEGs) moieties in their pendants is presented. These wormlike thick macromolecules exhibit characteristic thermoresponsive properties, which can provide constrained microenvironments to encapsulate effectively guest molecules including dyes, proteins, or nucleic acids to prevent their protonation or biodegradation. This efficient shielding effect can also mediate chemical reactions in aqueous phase, and even enhance chirality transferring efficiency. All of these can be switched off simply through the thermally-induced dehydration and collapse of OEG dendrons due to the amphiphilicity of OEG chains. Furthermore, the switchable encapsulation and release of guests can be greatly enhanced when these dendronized polymers are used as major constituents for fabricating bulk hydrogels or nanogels, which provide a higher-level confinement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- International Joint Laboratory of Smart and Biomimetic Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Kun Liu
- International Joint Laboratory of Smart and Biomimetic Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Biyi Xu
- International Joint Laboratory of Smart and Biomimetic Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yi Yao
- International Joint Laboratory of Smart and Biomimetic Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wen Li
- International Joint Laboratory of Smart and Biomimetic Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jiatao Yan
- International Joint Laboratory of Smart and Biomimetic Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Afang Zhang
- International Joint Laboratory of Smart and Biomimetic Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| |
Collapse
|