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Park EJ, Jannasch P, Miyatake K, Bae C, Noonan K, Fujimoto C, Holdcroft S, Varcoe JR, Henkensmeier D, Guiver MD, Kim YS. Aryl ether-free polymer electrolytes for electrochemical and energy devices. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:5704-5780. [PMID: 38666439 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00186e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Anion exchange polymers (AEPs) play a crucial role in green hydrogen production through anion exchange membrane water electrolysis. The chemical stability of AEPs is paramount for stable system operation in electrolysers and other electrochemical devices. Given the instability of aryl ether-containing AEPs under high pH conditions, recent research has focused on quaternized aryl ether-free variants. The primary goal of this review is to provide a greater depth of knowledge on the synthesis of aryl ether-free AEPs targeted for electrochemical devices. Synthetic pathways that yield polyaromatic AEPs include acid-catalysed polyhydroxyalkylation, metal-promoted coupling reactions, ionene synthesis via nucleophilic substitution, alkylation of polybenzimidazole, and Diels-Alder polymerization. Polyolefinic AEPs are prepared through addition polymerization, ring-opening metathesis, radiation grafting reactions, and anionic polymerization. Discussions cover structure-property-performance relationships of AEPs in fuel cells, redox flow batteries, and water and CO2 electrolysers, along with the current status of scale-up synthesis and commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Park
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | | | - Kenji Miyatake
- University of Yamanashi, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
- Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Chulsung Bae
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Kevin Noonan
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Cy Fujimoto
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA
| | | | | | - Dirk Henkensmeier
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, South Korea
- KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, South Korea
- KU-KIST School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Michael D Guiver
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yu Seung Kim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
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Yang W, Yan J, Xu P, Chen J, Fang Q, Lin D, Yan Y, Zhang Q. Role of Ionic Concentration and Distribution in Anionic Conductivity: Case Study on a Series of Cobaltocenium-Containing Anion Exchange Membranes with Precise Structure Control. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Yang
- Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing 401135, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yan
- Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing 401135, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, P. R. China
| | - Peng Xu
- Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing 401135, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, P. R. China
| | - Jin Chen
- Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing 401135, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, P. R. China
| | - Qianyi Fang
- Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing 401135, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, P. R. China
| | - Daolei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yan
- Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing 401135, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, P. R. China
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Treichel M, Gaitor JC, Birch C, Vinskus JL, Noonan KJ. Anion-exchange membranes derived from main group and metal-based cations. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Das G, Choi JH, Nguyen PKT, Kim DJ, Yoon YS. Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Application: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1197. [PMID: 35335528 PMCID: PMC8955432 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The fuel cell industry is the most promising industry in terms of the advancement of clean and safe technologies for sustainable energy generation. The polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is divided into two parts: anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In the case of PEMFCs, high-power density was secured and research and development for commercialization have made significant progress. However, there are technical limitations and high-cost issues for the use of precious metal catalysts including Pt, the durability of catalysts, bipolar plates, and membranes, and the use of hydrogen to ensure system stability. On the contrary, AEMFCs have been used as low-platinum or non-platinum catalysts and have a low activation energy of oxygen reduction reaction, so many studies have been conducted to find alternatives to overcome the problems of PEMFCs in the last decade. At the core of ensuring the power density of AEMFCs is the anion exchange membrane (AEM) which is less durable and less conductive than the cation exchange membrane. AEMFCs are a promising technology that can solve the high-cost problem of PEMFCs that have reached technological saturation and overcome technical limitations. This review focuses on the various aspects of AEMs for AEMFCs application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Das
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Ji-Hyeok Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
| | - Dong-Joo Kim
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, 275 Wilmore Labs, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Young Soo Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
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Yang W, Chen J, Yan J, Liu S, Yan Y, Zhang Q. Advance of click chemistry in anion exchange membranes for energy application. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Yang
- Chongqing Technology Innovation Centre Northwestern Polytechnical University Chongqing People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yan
- Chongqing Technology Innovation Centre Northwestern Polytechnical University Chongqing People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Chongqing Technology Innovation Centre Northwestern Polytechnical University Chongqing People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yan
- Chongqing Technology Innovation Centre Northwestern Polytechnical University Chongqing People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an People's Republic of China
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Yang W, Liu S, Yan J, Zhong F, Jia N, Yan Y, Zhang Q. Metallo-Polyelectrolyte-Based Robust Anion Exchange Membranes via Acetalation of a Commodity Polymer. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Yang
- Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing 401135, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing 401135, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yan
- Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing 401135, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, P. R. China
| | - Fenglin Zhong
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, P. R. China
| | - Nanfang Jia
- Beijing BOE Display Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yan
- Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing 401135, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, P. R. China
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New amphiphilic semi-interpenetrating networks based on polysulfone for anion-exchange membrane fuel cells with improved alkaline and mechanical stabilities. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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He Z, Wang G, Wang C, Guo L, Wei R, Song G, Pan D, Das R, Naik N, Hu Z, Guo Z. Overview of Anion Exchange Membranes Based on Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP). POLYM REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2021.1881792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfeng He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Guo
- Advanced Energy Materials and Systems Institute, North University of China, Taiyuan, China
| | - Renbo Wei
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Gang Song
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Duo Pan
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rajib Das
- Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nithesh Naik
- Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Zhuolin Hu
- Advanced Energy Materials and Systems Institute, North University of China, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhanhu Guo
- Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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Jiang T, Zhou Y, Yang Y, Wu C, Fang H, Yang S, Wei H, Ding Y. Dimensionally and oxidatively stable anion exchange membranes based on bication cross-linked poly(meta-terphenylene alkylene)s. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Crosslinked Pore-Filling Anion Exchange Membrane Using the Cylindrical Centrifugal Force for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112758. [PMID: 33238409 PMCID: PMC7700159 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, novel crosslinked pore-filling membranes were fabricated by using a centrifugal force from the cylindrical centrifugal machine. For preparing these crosslinked pore-filling membranes, the poly(phenylene oxide) containing long side chains to improve the water management (hydrophilic), porous polyethylene support (hydrophobic) and crosslinker based on the diamine were used. The resulting membranes showed a uniform thickness, flexible and transparent because it is well filled. Among them, PF-XAc-PPO70_25 showed good mechanical properties (56.1 MPa of tensile strength and 781.0 MPa of Young’s modulus) and dimensional stability due to the support. In addition, it has a high hydroxide conductivity (87.1 mS/cm at 80 °C) and low area specific resistance (0.040 Ω·cm2), at the same time showing stable alkaline stability. These data outperformed the commercial FAA-3-50 membrane sold by Fumatech in Germany. Based on the optimized properties, membrane electrode assembly using XAc-PPO70_25 revealed excellent cell performance (maximum power density: 239 mW/cm2 at 0.49 V) than those of commercial FAA-3-50 Fumatech anion exchange membrane (maximum power density: 212 mW/cm2 at 0.54 V) under the operating condition of 60 °C and 100% RH as well. It was expected that PF-XAc-PPO70_25 could be an excellent candidate based on the results superior to those of commercial membranes in these essential characteristics of fuel cells.
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