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Bathula NV, Friesen JJ, Casmil IC, Wayne CJ, Liao S, Soriano SKV, Ho CH, Strumpel A, Blakney AK. Delivery vehicle and route of administration influences self-amplifying RNA biodistribution, expression kinetics, and reactogenicity. J Control Release 2024; 374:28-38. [PMID: 39097193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) is a next-generation RNA platform derived from an alphavirus that enables replication in host cytosol, offering a promising shift from traditional messenger RNA (mRNA) therapies by enabling sustained protein production from minimal dosages. The approval of saRNA-based vaccines, such as the ARCT-154 for COVID-19 in Japan, underscores its potential for diverse therapeutic applications, including vaccine development, cancer immunotherapy, and gene therapy. This study investigates the role of delivery vehicle and administration route on saRNA expression kinetics and reactogenicity. Employing ionizable lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) and polymeric nanoparticles, we administered saRNA encoding firefly luciferase to BALB/c mice through six routes (intramuscular (IM), intradermal (ID), intraperitoneal (IP), intranasal (IN), intravenous (IV), and subcutaneous (SC)), and observed persistent saRNA expression over a month. Our findings reveal that while LNPs enable broad route applicability and stability, pABOL (poly (cystamine bisacrylamide-co-4-amino-1-butanol)) formulations significantly amplify protein expression via intramuscular delivery. Notably, the disparity between RNA biodistribution and protein expression highlight the nuanced interplay between administration routes, delivery vehicles, and therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, our research unveiled distinct biodistribution profiles and inflammatory responses contingent upon the chosen delivery formulation and route. This research illuminates the intricate dynamics governing saRNA delivery, biodistribution and reactogenicity, offering essential insights for optimizing therapeutic strategies and advancing the clinical and commercial viability of saRNA technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuthan Vikas Bathula
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Josh J Friesen
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Irafasha C Casmil
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Christopher J Wayne
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Suiyang Liao
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 2A1, Canada
| | - Shekinah K V Soriano
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Chia Hao Ho
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Anneke Strumpel
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada; RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 55, Aachen 52062, Germany
| | - Anna K Blakney
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Tarpanova A, Malik S, Lichtman D, Wallach Y, Mukhlall JA, Hersh WH. Synthesis of dixanthates, dithiocarbonyl disulfides, and 1,3-oxathiolane-2-thione from diols and carbon disulfide: Model chemistry for Poly(disulfide) synthesis. Tetrahedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Immunologically effective biomaterials-enhanced vaccines against infection of pathogenic microorganisms. BIOSAFETY AND HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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Mauro N, Giammona G, Ranucci E, Ferruti P. Synthesis of Biocompatible and Biodegradable Polyamidoamines Microgels via a Simple and Reliable Statistical Approach. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7280. [PMID: 36295345 PMCID: PMC9611214 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polyamidoamines (PAAs) are biocompatible and biodegradable polymers with a huge potential as biomaterials for pharmaceutical applications. They are obtained by the step-wise aza-Michael polyaddition of bifunctional or multifunctional amines with bisacrylamides in water. To the best of our knowledge, no synthetic protocols leading to hyperbranched PAAs as well as PAA microgels have been published so far. To fill this gap, a statistical approach was established in this work to fine-tune the aza-Michael polyaddition stoichiometry when a multifunctional co-monomer (bf) is added to a mixture of bifunctional monomers with complementary functions (a2 + b2), possibly even in presence of a monofunctional co-monomer (b1), for obtaining either microgels or hyperbranched polymers by a one-pot reaction. For this purpose, two new equations, obtained by reworking the classic Flory-Stockmayer equations, were successfully applied to the synthesis of different model systems, obtaining biocompatible microgels with tunable size distribution (200-500 nm) and properly designed end-chains in a simple and straightforward way. The same mathematical approach allowed us to empirically evaluate the actual number of active reactive functions of the co-monomers. A number of selected systems, being evaluated for their cytotoxicity in vitro, proved highly cytocompatible and, therefore, endowed with great potential for pharmaceutical and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Mauro
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of “Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche” (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetano Giammona
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of “Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche” (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ranucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Ferruti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Hachim D, Zhao J, Bhankharia J, Nuñez-Toldra R, Brito L, Seong H, Becce M, Ouyang L, Grigsby CL, Higgins SG, Terracciano CM, Stevens MM. Polysaccharide-Polyplex Nanofilm Coatings Enhance Nanoneedle-Based Gene Delivery and Transfection Efficiency. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2202303. [PMID: 35770803 PMCID: PMC7615482 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Non-viral vectors represent versatile and immunologically safer alternatives for nucleic acid delivery. Nanoneedles and high-aspect ratio nanostructures are unconventional but interesting delivery systems, in which delivery is mediated by surface interactions. Herein, nanoneedles are synergistically combined with polysaccharide-polyplex nanofilms and enhanced transfection efficiency is observed, compared to polyplexes in suspension. Different polyplex-polyelectrolyte nanofilm combinations are assessed and it is found that transfection efficiency is enhanced when using polysaccharide-based polyanions, rather than being only specific for hyaluronic acid, as suggested in earlier studies. Moreover, results show that enhanced transfection is not mediated by interactions with the CD44 receptor, previously hypothesized as a major mechanism mediating enhancement via hyaluronate. In cardiac tissue, nanoneedles are shown to increase the transfection efficiency of nanofilms compared to flat substrates; while in vitro, high transfection efficiencies are observed in nanostructures where cells present large interfacing areas with the substrate. The results of this study demonstrate that surface-mediated transfection using this system is efficient and safe, requiring amounts of nucleic acid with an order of magnitude lower than standard culture transfection. These findings expand the spectrum of possible polyelectrolyte combinations that can be used for the development of suitable non-viral vectors for exploration in further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hachim
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Juzhi Zhao
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jash Bhankharia
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Raquel Nuñez-Toldra
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Liliana Brito
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Hyejeong Seong
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Michele Becce
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Liliang Ouyang
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Christopher L. Grigsby
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden
| | - Stuart G. Higgins
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Alazzo A, Gumus N, Gurnani P, Stolnik S, Rahman R, Spriggs K, Alexander C. Investigating histidinylated highly branched poly(lysine) for siRNA delivery. J Mater Chem B 2021; 10:236-246. [PMID: 34852030 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01793d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The temporary silencing of disease-associated genes utilising short interfering RNA (siRNA) is a potent and selective route for addressing a wide range of life limiting disorders. However, the few clinically approved siRNA therapies rely on lipid based formulations, which although potent, provide limited chemical space to tune the stability, efficacy and tissue selectivity. In this study, we investigated the role of molar mass and histidinylation for poly(lysine) based non-viral vectors, synthesised through a fully aqueous thermal condensation polymerisation. Formulation and in vitro studies revealed that higher molar mass derivatives yielded smaller polyplexes attributed to a greater affinity for siRNA at lower N/P ratios yielding greater transfection efficiency, albeit with some cytotoxicity. Histidinylation had a negligible effect on formulation size, yet imparted a moderate improvement in biocompatibility, but did not provide any meaningful improvement over silencing efficiency compared to non-histidinylated derivatives. This was attributed to a greater degree of cellular internalisation for non-histidinylated analogues, which was enhanced with the higher molar mass material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alazzo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq.,Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Nurcan Gumus
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Pratik Gurnani
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Snjezana Stolnik
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Ruman Rahman
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Keith Spriggs
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Cameron Alexander
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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Kshtriya V, Koshti B, Gangrade A, Haque A, Singh R, Joshi KB, Bhatia D, Gour N. Self-assembly of a benzothiazolone conjugate into panchromatic fluorescent fibres and their application in cellular imaging. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03269k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We report self assembly of a benzothiazolone conjugate (CBT) into fluorescent panchromatic fibres and their application as a panchromatic dye in bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivekshinh Kshtriya
- Department of Chemistry, Indrashil University, Kadi, Mehsana, Gujarat, 382740, India
| | - Bharti Koshti
- Department of Chemistry, Indrashil University, Kadi, Mehsana, Gujarat, 382740, India
| | - Ankit Gangrade
- Biological Engineering Discipline and Center for Biomedical Research, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj 382355, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Ashadul Haque
- Biological Engineering Discipline and Center for Biomedical Research, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj 382355, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Ramesh Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, 470003, India
| | - Khashti Ballabh Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, 470003, India
| | - Dhiraj Bhatia
- Biological Engineering Discipline and Center for Biomedical Research, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj 382355, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Nidhi Gour
- Department of Chemistry, Indrashil University, Kadi, Mehsana, Gujarat, 382740, India
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