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Wycisk V, Wagner MC, Urner LH. Trends in the Diversification of the Detergentome. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300386. [PMID: 37668309 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Detergents are amphiphilic molecules that serve as enabling steps for today's world applications. The increasing diversity of the detergentome is key to applications enabled by detergent science. Regardless of the application, the optimal design of detergents is determined empirically, which leads to failed preparations, and raising costs. To facilitate project planning, here we review synthesis strategies that drive the diversification of the detergentome. Synthesis strategies relevant for industrial and academic applications include linear, modular, combinatorial, bio-based, and metric-assisted detergent synthesis. Scopes and limitations of individual synthesis strategies in context with industrial product development and academic research are discussed. Furthermore, when designing detergents, the selection of molecular building blocks, i. e., head, linker, tail, is as important as the employed synthesis strategy. To facilitate the design of safe-to-use and tailor-made detergents, we provide an overview of established head, linker, and tail groups and highlight selected scopes and limitations for applications. It becomes apparent that most recent contributions to the increasing chemical diversity of detergent building blocks originate from the development of detergents for membrane protein studies. The overview of synthesis strategies and molecular blocks will bring us closer to the ability to predictably design and synthesize optimal detergents for challenging future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Wycisk
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marc-Christian Wagner
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Leonhard H Urner
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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2
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Singh AK, Schade B, Rosati M, Rashmi R, Dichiarante V, Cavallo G, Metrangolo P, Haag R. Synthesis and Linker-Controlled Self-Assembly of Dendritic Amphiphiles with Branched Fluorinated Tails. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200108. [PMID: 35612569 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphiles containing fluorinated segments tend to aggregate in the aqueous solution into structure of lower curvature than their hydrocarbon analogs due to their larger diameter. A benefit of supramolecular structures incorporating fluorine moieties is their high electron density, which can be viewed in cryo-TEM with better contrast than their hydrogenated forms. A modular approach has been developed for the synthesis of a new family of nonionic branched amphiphiles consisting of oligoglycerol units (G2) as the hydrophilic part and a branched fluorinated (F27) hydrophobic part. The design of this hydrophobic moiety allows to achieve a higher fluorine density than the previously used straight-chain perfluoroalkanes. Two different chemical approaches, amide, and triazole, are used to link the hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments. In addition, the aggregation behavior is investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and cryo-TEM. The measurements prove the formation of multivesicular (MVVs) and multilamellar (MLVs) vesicles as well as smaller unilamellar vesicles. Further, the cell viability test proves the low cell toxicity of these nanoarchitectures for potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar Singh
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Boris Schade
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 36a, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Marta Rosati
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, Milan, 20131, Italy
| | - Rashmi Rashmi
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Valentina Dichiarante
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, Milan, 20131, Italy
| | - Gabriella Cavallo
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, Milan, 20131, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Metrangolo
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, Milan, 20131, Italy
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
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3
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Kumar A, Krishna, Sharma A, Dhankhar J, Syeda S, Shrivastava A, Sharma SK. Self‐Assembly and Transport Behaviour of Non‐ionic Fluorinated and Alkylated Amphiphiles for Drug Delivery. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Kumar
- Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Krishna
- Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Antara Sharma
- Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Jyoti Dhankhar
- Department of Zoology University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Saima Syeda
- Department of Zoology University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | | | - Sunil K. Sharma
- Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
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4
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Kim JW, Kim HJ, Park J, Chae JA, Song HW, Choi E, Kim H. Self-Immolative and Amphiphilic Poly(benzyl ether)-Based Copolymers: Synthesis and Triggered Demicellization via Head-to-Tail Depolymerization. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Woo Kim
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Hea Ji Kim
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jieun Park
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Ji Ae Chae
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Hyeong-Woo Song
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo), 43-26, Cheomdangwagi-ro, 208-beon-gil, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61011, Korea
| | - Eunpyo Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo), 43-26, Cheomdangwagi-ro, 208-beon-gil, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61011, Korea
| | - Hyungwoo Kim
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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5
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He XH, Zhao M, Tian XY, Lu YJ, Yang SY, Peng QR, Yang M, Jiang WW. Redox-responsive nano-micelles containing trisulfide bonds to enhance photodynamic efficacy of zinc naphthalocyanine. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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6
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Verma D, Rashmi, Achazi K, Singh A, Schade B, Haag R, Sharma SK. Synthesis of
d
‐
glucitol
based Gemini amphiphilic nanotransporters. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Verma
- Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi India
| | - Rashmi
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Katharina Achazi
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Abhishek Singh
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Boris Schade
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie and Core Facility BioSupraMol, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
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Rashmi, Hasheminejad H, Herziger S, Mirzaalipour A, Singh AK, Netz RR, Böttcher C, Makki H, Sharma SK, Haag R. Supramolecular Engineering of Alkylated, Fluorinated, and Mixed Amphiphiles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100914. [PMID: 35239224 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The rational design of perfluorinated amphiphiles to control the supramolecular aggregation in aqueous medium is still a key challenge for the engineering of supramolecular architectures. Here we present the synthesis and physical properties of six novel non-ionic amphiphiles. We also studied the effect of mixed alkylated and perfluorinated segments in a single amphiphile and compared it with only alkylated and perfluorinated units. To explore their morphological behavior in aqueous medium, we used dynamic light scattering (DLS) and cryo-TEM/EM measurements. We further confirmed their assembly mechanisms with theoretical investigations, using the Martini model to perform large-scale coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. These novel synthesized amphiphiles offer a greater and more systematic understanding of how perfluorinated systems assemble in aqueous medium and suggest new directions for rational designing of new amphiphilic systems and interpreting their assembly process. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India.,Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Hooman Hasheminejad
- Department of Polymer and Color Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Svenja Herziger
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 36a, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Alireza Mirzaalipour
- Department of Polymer and Color Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abhishek K Singh
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Roland R Netz
- Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Physik, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Christoph Böttcher
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 36a, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Hesam Makki
- Department of Polymer and Color Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sunil K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
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8
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Navarro-Barreda D, Bedrina B, Galindo F, Miravet JF. Glutathione-responsive molecular nanoparticles from a dianionic bolaamphiphile and their use as carriers for targeted delivery. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 608:2009-2017. [PMID: 34752979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The formation in aqueous media of molecular nanoparticles from a bolaamphiphile (SucIleCsa) incorporating a disulfide moiety is described. The particles can be loaded efficiently with the lipophilic mitochondrial marker DiOC6(3), quenching its fluorescence, which is recovered upon reductive particle disassembly. DiOC6(3) transport into human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29) is demonstrated using flow cytometry and confocal scanning fluorescence microscopy. A significant increase in intracellular fluorescence is observed when the cells are stimulated to produce glutathione (GSH). These new molecular nanoparticles can be considered a theranostic tool that simultaneously achieves targeted delivery of lipophilic substances and signals high levels of GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Navarro-Barreda
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Jaume, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Begoña Bedrina
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Jaume, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Francisco Galindo
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Jaume, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
| | - Juan F Miravet
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Jaume, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
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Krishna, Parshad B, Achazi K, Böttcher C, Haag R, Sharma SK. Newer Non-ionic A 2 B 2 -Type Enzyme-Responsive Amphiphiles for Drug Delivery. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1457-1466. [PMID: 33559331 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A new series of nonionic gemini amphiphiles have been synthesized in a multi-step chemoenzymatic approach by using a novel A2 B2 -type central core consisting of conjugating glycerol and propargyl bromide on 5-hydroxy isophthalic acid. A pair of hydrophilic monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) and hydrophobic linear alkyl chains (C12 /C15 ) were then added to the core to obtain amphiphilic architectures. The aggregation tendency in aqueous media was studied by dynamic light scattering, fluorescence spectroscopy and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. The nanotransport potential of the amphiphiles was studied for model hydrophobic guests, that is, the dye Nile Red and the drug Nimodipine by using UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Evaluation of the viability of amphiphile-treated A549 cells showed them to be well tolerated up to the concentrations studied. Being ester based, these amphiphiles exhibit stimuli-responsive sensitivity towards esterases, and a rupture of amphiphilic architecture was observed in the presence of immobilized Candida antarctica lipase (Novozym 435), thus facilitating release of the encapsulated guest from the aggregate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Badri Parshad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Katharina Achazi
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Böttcher
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 36a, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sunil K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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