1
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Bernbeck M, Orlova AP, Hilgar JD, Gembicky M, Ozerov M, Rinehart JD. Dipolar Coupling as a Mechanism for Fine Control of Magnetic States in ErCOT-Alkyl Molecular Magnets. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7243-7256. [PMID: 38456803 PMCID: PMC10958522 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The design of molecular magnets has progressed greatly by taking advantage of the ability to impart successive perturbations and control vibronic transitions in 4fn systems through the careful manipulation of the crystal field. Herein, we control the orientation and rigidity of two dinuclear ErCOT-based molecular magnets: the inversion-symmetric bridged [ErCOT(μ-Me)(THF)]2 (2) and the nearly linear Li[(ErCOT)2(μ-Me)3] (3). The conserved anisotropy of the ErCOT synthetic unit facilitates the direction of the arrangement of its magnetic anisotropy for the purposes of generating controlled internal magnetic fields, improving control of the energetics and transition probabilities of the electronic angular momentum states with exchange biasing via dipolar coupling. This control is evidenced through the introduction of a second thermal barrier to relaxation operant at low temperatures that is twice as large in 3 as in 2. This barrier acts to suppress through-barrier relaxation by protecting the ground state from interacting with stray local fields while operating at an energy scale an order of magnitude smaller than the crystal field term. These properties are highlighted when contrasted against the mononuclear structure ErCOT(Bn)(THF)2 (1), in which quantum tunneling of the magnetization processes dominate, as demonstrated by magnetometry and ab initio computational methods. Furthermore, far-infrared magnetospectroscopy measurements reveal that the increased rigidity imparted by successive removal of solvent ligands when adding bridging methyl groups, along with the increased excited state purity, severely limits local spin-vibrational interactions that facilitate magnetic relaxation, manifesting as longer relaxation times in 3 relative to those in 2 as temperature is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian
G. Bernbeck
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California—San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Angelica P. Orlova
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California—San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jeremy D. Hilgar
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California—San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Milan Gembicky
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California—San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Mykhaylo Ozerov
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Jeffrey D. Rinehart
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California—San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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2
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Ai JF, Li YL, Wang HL, Liang FP, Zhu ZH, Zou HH. Aggregation-Induced Emission via the Restriction of the Intramolecular Vibration Mechanism of Pinacol Lanthanide Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:19552-19564. [PMID: 37976457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Pinacol lanthanide complexes PyraLn (Ln = Dy and Tb) with the restriction of intramolecular vibration were obtained for the first time via an in situ solvothermal coordination-catalyzed tandem reaction using cheap and simple starting materials, thereby avoiding complex, time-consuming, and expensive conventional organic synthesis strategies. A high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESI-MS) analysis confirmed the stability of PyraLn in an organic solution. The formation process of PyraLn was monitored in detail using time-dependent HRESI-MS, which allowed for proposing a mechanism for the formation of pinacol complexes via in situ tandem reactions under one-pot coordination-catalyzed conditions. The PyraLn complexes constructed using a pinacol ligand with a butterfly configuration exhibited distinct aggregation-induced emission (AIE) behavior, with the αAIE value as high as 60.42 according to the AIE titration curve. In addition, the PyraLn complexes in the aggregated state exhibit a rapid photoresponse to various 3d metal ions with low detection limits. These findings provide fast, facile, and high-yield access to dynamic, smart lanthanide complex emissions with bright emission and facilitate the rational construction of molecular machines for artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Fen Ai
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Lan Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Ling Wang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Pei Liang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Hong Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Hong Zou
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
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3
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Orlova A, Varley MS, Bernbeck MG, Kirkpatrick KM, Bunting PC, Gembicky M, Rinehart JD. Molecular Network Approach to Anisotropic Ising Lattices: Parsing Magnetization Dynamics in Er 3+ Systems with 0-3-Dimensional Spin Interactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22265-22275. [PMID: 37774116 PMCID: PMC10571078 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a wide-ranging interrogation of the border between single-molecule and solid-state magnetism through a study of erbium-based Ising-type magnetic compounds with a fixed magnetic unit, using three different charge-balancing cations as the means to modulate the crystal packing environment. Properties rooted in the isolated spin Hamiltonian remain fixed, yet careful observation of the dynamics reveals the breakdown of this approximation in a number of interesting ways. First, differences in crystal packing lead to a striking 3 orders of magnitude suppression in magnetic relaxation rates, indicating a rich interplay between intermolecular interactions governed by the anisotropic Ising lattice stabilization and localized slow magnetic relaxation driven by the spin-forbidden nature of quantum tunneling of the f-electron-based magnetization. By means of diverse and rigorous physical methods, including temperature-dependent X-ray crystallography, field, temperature, and time-dependent magnetometry, and the application of a new magnetization fitting technique to quantify the magnetic susceptibility peakshape, we are able to construct a more nuanced view of the role nonzero-dimensional interactions can play in what are predominantly considered zero-dimensional magnetic materials. Specifically, we use low field susceptibility and virgin-curve analysis to isolate metamagnetic spin-flip transitions in each system with a field strength corresponding to the expected strength of the internal dipole-dipole lattice. This behavior is vital to a complete interpretation of the dynamics and is likely common for systems with such high anisotropy. This collective interactivity opens a new realm of possibility for molecular magnetic materials, where their unprecedented localized anisotropy is the determining factor in building higher dimensionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica
P. Orlova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Maxwell S. Varley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Maximilian G. Bernbeck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Kyle M. Kirkpatrick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Philip C. Bunting
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Milan Gembicky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jeffrey D. Rinehart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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4
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Wydra K, Kinzhybalo V, Lisowski J. Solid state structures and solution behaviour of tetranuclear lanthanide(III) carbonate-bridged coordination compounds of chiral 3 + 3 amine macrocycle. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:11992-12001. [PMID: 37580960 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01948a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The linking of two dinuclear macrocyclic units of large triphenolic hexaazamine by two carbonate anions results in the formation of dimeric tetranuclear Sm(III), Eu(III) and Gd(III) complexes. These complexes were initially obtained serendipitously by fixation of atmospheric carbon dioxide and subsequently obtained in a rational way by the application of carbonate salts. The X-ray crystal structures of these isomorphic complexes show highly folded conformation of the macrocycle. This type of conformation is also confirmed by 2D NMR spectra of the Sm(III) complex. The ESI-MS and NMR spectra reveal also that these carbonate complexes exist in solution in two different forms that are in a concentration-dependent dynamic equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Wydra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Vasyl Kinzhybalo
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jerzy Lisowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
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5
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Gou X, Liu N, Wu Y, Lan W, Wang M, Shi W, Cheng P. Modulation of magnetization dynamics of an Er(III) coordination polymer by the conversion of a ligand to a radical using UV light. Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 37465927 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01800h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Light-induced substance conversion is highly promising for creating new radical-based compounds. Herein, we report an Er(III) coordination polymer [Er(CA)(ACA)(DMF)(H2O)]n (1) and its Y(III)-diluted analogue 1@Y (H2CA = 2,5-dichloro-3,6-dihydroxy-p-quinone, HACA = 9-anthracene carboxylic acid) with the light-induced transformation of the ligand to a radical. The χMT values of light-transformed products 1a and 1a@Y are higher than those of 1 and 1@Y, respectively, due to the formation of radicals by ultraviolet light irradiation, confirmed by EPR measurement as well. The effective energy barriers for magnetization reversal (Ueff) decrease from 72 K for 1 to 67 K for 1a, and from 117 K for 1@Y to 94 K for 1a@Y. This work not only provides a new light-conversion system but also reveals the nature of photo-induced variation of magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Gou
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE) and Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE) and Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yuewei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE) and Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Wenlong Lan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE) and Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE) and Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE) and Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE) and Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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6
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Wang J, Sun CY, Zheng Q, Wang DQ, Chen YT, Ju JF, Sun TM, Cui Y, Ding Y, Tang YF. Lanthanide Single-molecule Magnets: Synthetic Strategy, Structures, Properties and Recent Advances. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201297. [PMID: 36802202 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) show wide potential applications in the field of ultrahigh-density storage materials, quantum computing, spintronics, and so on. Lanthanide (Ln) SMMs, as an important category of SMMs, open up a promising prospect due to their large magnetic moments and huge magnetic anisotropy. However, the construction of high performance for Ln SMMs remains an enormous challenge. Although remarkable advances are focused on the topic of Ln SMMs, the research on Ln SMMs with different nuclear numbers is still deficient. Therefore, this review summarizes the design strategies for the construction of Ln SMMs, as well as the metal skeleton types. Furthermore, we collect reported Ln SMMs with mononuclearity, dinuclearity, and multinuclearity (three or more Ln spin centers) and the SMM properties including energy barrier (Ueff ) and pre-exponential factor (τ0 ) are described. Finally, Ln SMMs with low-nuclearity SMMs, especially for single-ion magnets (SIMs), are highlighted to understand the correlations between structures and magnetic behavior of the detail SMM properties are described. We expect the review can shed light on the future developments of high-performance Ln SMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China.,Nantong Key Lab of Intelligent and New Energy Materials, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Yuan Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Qi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ting Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Feng Ju
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Tong-Ming Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Ying Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Yan Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Feng Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China.,Nantong Key Lab of Intelligent and New Energy Materials, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P. R. China
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7
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Dy3 and Gd3 Complexes with Dy3 Exhibiting Field-Induced Single-Molecule Magnet Behaviour. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Qu YX, Liao PY, Chen YC, Tong ML. Functional lanthanide complexes with N,N′-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)-N,N′-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)ethylenediamine (H2bbpen) derivatives: Coordination chemistry, single-molecule magnetism and optical properties. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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9
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Orlova AP, Hilgar JD, Bernbeck MG, Gembicky M, Rinehart JD. Intuitive Control of Low-Energy Magnetic Excitations via Directed Dipolar Interactions in a Series of Er(III)-Based Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11316-11325. [PMID: 35713679 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dipolar coupling is rarely invoked as a driving force for slow relaxation dynamics in lanthanide-based single-molecule magnets, though it is often the strongest mechanism available for mediating inter-ion magnetic interactions in such species. Indeed, for multinuclear lanthanide complexes, the magnitude and anisotropy of the dipolar interaction can be considerable given their ability to form highly directional, high-moment ground states. Herein, we present a mono-, di-, and trinuclear erbium-based single-molecule magnet sequence, ([Er-TiPS2COT]+)n (n = 1-3), wherein a drastic reduction in the allowedness of magnetic relaxation pathways is rationalized within the framework of the dipole-dipole interactions between angular momentum quanta. The resulting design principles for multinuclear molecular magnetism arising from intramolecular dipolar coupling interactions between highly anisotropic magnetic states present a nuanced justification of the relaxation dynamics in complex manifolds of individual quantized transitions. Experimental evidence for the validity of this model is provided by coupling the relaxation dynamics to an AC magnetic field across an unprecedented frequency range for molecular magnetism (103-10-5 Hz). The combination of slow dynamics and multiple, low-energy transitions leads to a number of noteworthy phenomena, including a lanthanide single-molecule magnet with three well-defined relaxation processes observable at a single temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica P Orlova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jeremy D Hilgar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Maximilian G Bernbeck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Milan Gembicky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Rinehart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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10
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Wang W, Shang T, Wang J, Yao BL, Li LC, Ma Y, Wang QL, Zhang YZ, Zhang YQ, Zhao B. Slow magnetic relaxation in a Dy 3 triangle and a bistriangular Dy 6 cluster. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:9404-9411. [PMID: 35674238 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03414f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Two lanthanide single-molecule magnets (SMMs) [Dy3(μ3-OH)(HL-1)3(H2O)3](NO3)2·3H3O (1, H3L-1 = (E)-3-(((8-hydroxyquinolin-2-yl)methylene)amino)propane-1,2-diol) and [Dy6(μ3-OH)4(H2L-2)4(HL-2)2(L-2)2] (2, H3L-2 = (E)-2-hydroxy-N'-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide) were synthesized and characterized structurally and magnetically. Complex 1 contains a triangular Dy3 core in which the three Dy3+ ions share a μ3-OH- anion and the deprotonated ligands of (HL-1)2- serve both capping and bridging functions, while 2 displays a centrosymmetric hexanuclear DyIII structure with two similar Dy3 triangular cores ligated by two fully deprotonated (L-2)3- ligands, each of which shares two μ3-OH- anions. All the DyIII ions are eight-coordinated with quasi D2d or C2v symmetry. Magnetic studies reveal that 1 exhibited two-step magnetic relaxation under an applied dc field of 800 Oe, with effective energy barriers of 40.1 and 31.0 K for the slow relaxation (SR) and fast relaxation regimes (FR), respectively. Meanwhile, 2 only showed a tail of slow magnetic relaxation at above 2 K. Ab initio calculations have been carried out to show the nature of their different magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE) and TKL of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Tao Shang
- Jiangsu Key Lab for NSLSCS, School of Physical Science and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE) and TKL of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Bin-Ling Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Li-Cun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE) and TKL of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE) and TKL of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Qing-Lun Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE) and TKL of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yuan-Zhu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Yi-Quan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Lab for NSLSCS, School of Physical Science and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE) and TKL of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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11
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Chen YC, Tong ML. Single-Molecule Magnets beyond a Single Lanthanide Ion: The Art of Coupling. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8716-8726. [PMID: 35975153 PMCID: PMC9350631 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01532c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The promising future of storing and processing quantized information at the molecular level has been attracting the study of Single-Molecule Magnets (SMMs) for almost three decades. Although some recent breakthroughs are mainly about the SMMs containing only one lanthanide ion, we believe SMMs can tell a much deeper story than the single-ion anisotropy. Here in this Perspective, we will try to draw a unified picture of SMMs as a delicately coupled spin system between multiple spin centres. The hierarchical couplings will be presented step-by-step, from the intra-atomic hyperfine coupling, to the direct and indirect intra-molecular couplings with neighbouring spin centres, and all the way to the inter-molecular and spin–phonon couplings. Along with the discussions on their distinctive impacts on the energy level structures and thus magnetic behaviours, a promising big picture for further studies is proposed, encouraging the multifaceted developments of molecular magnetism and beyond. In this Perspective, we draw a unified picture for single-molecule magnets as delicately coupled spin systems, discuss the hierarchical couplings (from intra-atomic to inter-molecular) and their distinctive impacts on the magnetic behaviours.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Cong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Ming-Liang Tong
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
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12
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Yang P, Hu H, Yu S, Liu D, Liang Y, Zou H, Liang F, Chen Z. Superb Alkali-Resistant Dy III2Ni II4 Single-Molecule Magnet. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:14752-14758. [PMID: 34530617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A superb alkali-resistant single-molecule-magnet (SMM) material with the molecular formula [Dy2Ni4(L)8(CH3COO)4(NO3)2] (1) (HL = 8-hydroxyquinoline) has been structurally and magnetically characterized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that 1 possesses a hexanuclear [DyIII2NiII4] cluster, which is built by two triangular [DyIIINiII2] cores double-bridged through two CH3COO- ions. Interestingly, 1 can keep its original structure in dilute acid and common basic solutions (e.g., triethylamine and NaOH). More importantly, 1 is still stable after treatment with a 20 M NaOH aqueous solution for 1 month at room temperature. Magnetic measurements uncovered that 1 is an SMM under zero applied field with Ueff = 7.43 K. To the best of our knowledge, 1 is the first example of a 3d-4f SMM with such extreme alkali resistance. This work will broaden the vision of preparing SMM materials with excellent chemical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Huancheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shui Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuning Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Huahong Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Fupei Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zilu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
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13
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Huizenga C, Hratchian HP, Jarrold CC. Lanthanide Oxides: From Diatomics to High-Spin, Strongly Correlated Homo- and Heterometallic Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6315-6331. [PMID: 34265204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Small lanthanide (Ln) oxide clusters present both experimental and theoretical challenges because of their partially filled, core-like 4f n orbitals, a feature that results in a plethora of close-lying and fundamentally similar electronic states. These clusters provide a bottom-up approach toward understanding the electronic structure of defective or doped bulk material but also can offer a challenge to the theorists to find a method robust enough to capture electronic structure patterns that emerge from within the 4f n (0 < n < 14) series. In this Feature Article, we explore the electronic structures of small lanthanide oxide clusters that deviate from bulk stoichiometry using anion photoelectron spectroscopy and supporting density functional theory calculations. We will describe the evolution of electronic structure with oxidation and how LnxOy- cluster reactivities can be correlated with specific Ln-local orbital occupancies. These strongly correlated systems offer additional insights into how interactions between electrons and electronically complex neutrals can lead to detachment transitions that lie outside of the sudden one-electron detachment approximation generally assumed in anion photoelectron spectroscopy. With a better understanding of how we can control nominally forbidden transitions to sample an array of spin states, we suggest that more in-depth studies on the magnetic states of these systems can be explored. Extending these studies to other Ln-based materials with hidden magnetic phases, along with sequentially ligated single molecule magnets, could advance current understanding of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Huizenga
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Hrant P Hratchian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Caroline Chick Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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14
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Thomas-Hargreaves LR, Giansiracusa MJ, Gregson M, Zanda E, O'Donnell F, Wooles AJ, Chilton NF, Liddle ST. Correlating axial and equatorial ligand field effects to the single-molecule magnet performances of a family of dysprosium bis-methanediide complexes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3911-3920. [PMID: 34163660 PMCID: PMC8179472 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00238d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of the new methanediide-methanide complex [Dy(SCS)(SCSH)(THF)] (1Dy, SCS = {C(PPh2S)2}2-) with alkali metal alkyls and auxillary ethers produces the bis-methanediide complexes [Dy(SCS)2][Dy(SCS)2(K(DME)2)2] (2Dy), [Dy(SCS)2][Na(DME)3] (3Dy) and [Dy(SCS)2][K(2,2,2-cryptand)] (4Dy). For further comparisons, the bis-methanediide complex [Dy(NCN)2][K(DB18C6)(THF)(toluene)] (5Dy, NCN = {C(PPh2NSiMe3)2}2-, DB18C6 = dibenzo-18-crown-6 ether) was prepared. Magnetic susceptibility experiments reveal slow relaxation of the magnetisation for 2Dy-5Dy, with open magnetic hysteresis up to 14, 12, 15, and 12 K, respectively (∼14 Oe s-1). Fitting the alternating current magnetic susceptibility data for 2Dy-5Dy gives energy barriers to magnetic relaxation (U eff) of 1069(129)/1160(21), 1015(32), 1109(70), and 757(39) K, respectively, thus 2Dy-4Dy join a privileged group of SMMs with U eff values of ∼1000 K and greater with magnetic hysteresis at temperatures >10 K. These structurally similar Dy-components permit systematic correlation of the effects of axial and equatorial ligand fields on single-molecule magnet performance. For 2Dy-4Dy, the Dy-components can be grouped into 2Dy-cation/4Dy and 2Dy-anion/3Dy, where the former have almost linear C[double bond, length as m-dash]Dy[double bond, length as m-dash]C units with short average Dy[double bond, length as m-dash]C distances, and the latter have more bent C[double bond, length as m-dash]Dy[double bond, length as m-dash]C units with longer average Dy[double bond, length as m-dash]C bonds. Both U eff and hysteresis temperature are superior for the former pair compared to the latter pair as predicted, supporting the hypothesis that a more linear axial ligand field with shorter M-L distances produces enhanced SMM properties. Comparison with 5Dy demonstrates unusually clear-cut examples of: (i) weakening the equatorial ligand field results in enhancement of the SMM performance of a monometallic system; (ii) a positive correlation between U eff barrier and axial linearity in structurally comparable systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcus J Giansiracusa
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Matthew Gregson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Emanuele Zanda
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Felix O'Donnell
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Ashley J Wooles
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Nicholas F Chilton
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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15
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Boudalis AK. Half-Integer Spin Triangles: Old Dogs, New Tricks. Chemistry 2021; 27:7022-7042. [PMID: 33336864 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Spin triangles, that is, triangular complexes of half-integer spins, are the oldest molecular nanomagnets (MNMs). Their magnetic properties have been studied long before molecular magnetism was delineated as a research field. This Review presents the history of their study, with references to the parallel development of new experimental investigations and new theoretical ideas used for their interpretation. It then presents an indicative list of spin-triangle families to illustrate their chemical diversity. Finally, it makes reference to recent developments in terms of theoretical ideas and new phenomena, as well as to the relevance of spin triangles to spintronic devices and new physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanassios K Boudalis
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 67000, Strasbourg, France.,Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg (UMR 7177, CNRS-Unistra), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081, Strasbourg, France
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16
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Wang J, Li Q, Wu S, Chen Y, Wan R, Huang G, Liu Y, Liu J, Reta D, Giansiracusa MJ, Wang Z, Chilton NF, Tong M. Opening Magnetic Hysteresis by Axial Ferromagnetic Coupling: From Mono‐Decker to Double‐Decker Metallacrown. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Quan‐Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Si‐Guo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Yan‐Cong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Rui‐Chen Wan
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Guo‐Zhang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Jun‐Liang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Daniel Reta
- Department of Chemistry The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | | | - Zhen‐Xing Wang
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Center Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Nicholas F. Chilton
- Department of Chemistry The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Ming‐Liang Tong
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
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17
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Wang J, Li QW, Wu SG, Chen YC, Wan RC, Huang GZ, Liu Y, Liu JL, Reta D, Giansiracusa MJ, Wang ZX, Chilton NF, Tong ML. Opening Magnetic Hysteresis by Axial Ferromagnetic Coupling: From Mono-Decker to Double-Decker Metallacrown. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5299-5306. [PMID: 33216437 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Combining Ising-type magnetic anisotropy with collinear magnetic interactions in single-molecule magnets (SMMs) is a significant synthetic challenge. Herein we report a Dy[15-MCCu -5] (1-Dy) SMM, where a DyIII ion is held in a central pseudo-D5h pocket of a rigid and planar Cu5 metallacrown (MC). Linking two Dy[15-MCCu -5] units with a single hydroxide bridge yields the double-decker {Dy[15-MCCu -5]}2 (2-Dy) SMM where the anisotropy axes of the two DyIII ions are nearly collinear, resulting in magnetic relaxation times for 2-Dy that are approximately 200 000 times slower at 2 K than for 1-Dy in zero external field. Whereas 1-Dy and the YIII -diluted Dy@2-Y analogue do not show remanence in magnetic hysteresis experiments, the hysteresis data for 2-Dy remain open up to 6 K without a sudden drop at zero field. In conjunction with theoretical calculations, these results demonstrate that the axial ferromagnetic Dy-Dy coupling suppresses fast quantum tunneling of magnetization (QTM). The relaxation profiles of both complexes curiously exhibit three distinct exponential regimes, and hold the largest effective energy barriers for any reported d-f SMMs up to 625 cm-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Quan-Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Si-Guo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Cong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Chen Wan
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Zhang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Liang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Daniel Reta
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Marcus J Giansiracusa
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Zhen-Xing Wang
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Nicholas F Chilton
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Ming-Liang Tong
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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18
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Brzozowska M, Handzlik G, Kurpiewska K, Zychowicz M, Pinkowicz D. Pseudo-tetrahedral vs. pseudo-octahedral Er III single molecule magnets and the disruptive role of coordinated TEMPO radical. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi00262g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahedral ErIII complexes are potential candidates for high-performance single molecule magnets (SMMs).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dawid Pinkowicz
- Jagiellonian University
- Faculty of Chemistry
- 30-387 Kraków
- Poland
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19
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Wu SG, Peng YY, Chen YC, Liu JL, Tong ML. Magnetic dynamics of an open-ring tridysprosium complex employing mixed ligands. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:14140-14147. [PMID: 33021292 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02698k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By employing mixed ligands, a new trinuclear dysprosium complex [Dy3(dbm)3(L)4](ClO4)2·CH2Cl2·2MeOH (1, Hdbm = dibenzoylmethane; HL = 2-methoxy-6-((quinolin-8-ylimino)methyl)phenol) was synthesized by a one-pot reaction. According to structural characterization, all the 8-coordinated Dy(iii) sites are well arranged with slightly distorted square antiprism (D4d) geometries. Magnetic measurements reveal that 1 exhibits typical single-molecule magnetic behavior at zero magnetic field and shows rarely open hysteresis loops up to 3 K among open-ring {Dy3} SMMs, where the relaxation time remains very stable under the protection from the Dy-Dy magnetic coupling in the open-ring arrangement of Ising spins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Guo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Yan-Cong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Jun-Liang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Ming-Liang Tong
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.
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