1
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Shephard ACG, Delon A, Chevreux S, Martinez A, Guo Z, Deacon GB, Lemercier G, McClenaghan N, Jonusauskas G, Junk PC, Jaroschik F. Divalent ansa-Octaphenyllanthanocenes: Synthesis, Structures, and Eu II Luminescence. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9395-9405. [PMID: 37310150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reductive dimerization of fulvenes using low-valent metal precursors is a straightforward one-step approach to access ethylene-bridged metallocenes. This process has so far mainly been employed with fulvenes carrying one or two substituents in the exocyclic position. In this work, a new synthesis of the unsubstituted exocyclic 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylfulvene (1), its full structural characterization by NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, as well as some photophysical properties and its first use in reductive dimerization are described. This fulvene reacted with different lanthanoid metals in thf to provide the divalent ansa-octaphenylmetallocenes [Ln(C5Ph4CH2)2(thf)n] (Ln = Sm, n = 2 (2); Ln = Eu, n = 2 (3); and Ln = Yb, n = 1 (4)). These complexes were characterized by X-ray diffraction, laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry, and, in the case of Sm and Yb, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, showing the influence of the ansa-bridge on solution and solid-state structures compared to previously reported unbridged metallocenes. Furthermore, the luminescence properties of the Eu ansa complex 3 were studied in solution and the solid state, revealing significant differences with the known octa- and deca-phenyleuropocenes, [Eu(C5Ph4H)2(dme)] and [Eu(C5Ph5)2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus C G Shephard
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
| | - Aymeric Delon
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, UMR 7312, Reims 56187, France
| | - Sylviane Chevreux
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, UMR 7312, Reims 56187, France
| | - Agathe Martinez
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, UMR 7312, Reims 56187, France
| | - Zhifang Guo
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
| | - Glen B Deacon
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Gilles Lemercier
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, UMR 7312, Reims 56187, France
| | - Nathan McClenaghan
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, Talence F-33400, France
| | | | - Peter C Junk
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
| | - Florian Jaroschik
- ICGM, Université Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34090, France
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2
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Klementyeva SV, Woern K, Schrenk C, Zhang M, Khusniyarov MM, Schnepf A. [(thf) 5Ln(Ge 9{Si(SiMe 3) 3} 2)] (Ln = Eu, Sm, Yb): Capping Metalloid Germanium Cluster with Lanthanides. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:5614-5621. [PMID: 36967670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of three neutral complexes with different coordination modes of a di-silylated metalloid germanium cluster to divalent lanthanides [(thf)5Ln(ηn-Ge9(Hyp)2)] (Ln = Yb (1, n = 1); Eu (2, n = 2, 3), Sm (3, n = 2, 3); Hyp = Si(SiMe3)3) by the salt metathesis of LnI2 with K2[Ge9(Hyp)2] in THF. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance and UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In thf solution, the formation of contact or solvate-separated ion pairs depending on the concentration is assumed. Compound 2 exhibits a blue luminescence typical for Eu2+. The solid-state magnetic measurements of compounds 2 and 3 confirm the presence of divalent europium and samarium, respectively.
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3
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Hay MA, Gable RW, Boskovic C. Modulating the electronic properties of divalent lanthanoid complexes with subtle ligand tuning. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:3315-3324. [PMID: 36806851 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03782c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Five new compounds of formula [LnII(Mentpa)2](BPh4)2 (Ln = Eu, n = 0 (1-Eu), n = 2 (2-Eu) and n = 3 (3-Eu); Ln = Yb, n = 0 (1-Yb) and n = 2 (2-Yb); tpa = tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine, n = 0-3 corresponds to successive methylation of the 6-position of the pyridine rings of Mentpa) have been synthesized and their structural, photophysical and electrochemical properties investigated. The LnII ions in the five complexes possess cubic coordination geometry and exhibit only small structural differences, due to the lengthening of the Ln-N bonds to accommodate the additional steric bulk associated with increasing methylation of the Mentpa ligands. Photophysical studies indicate moderate shifts in absorbance, emission and excitation bands associated with the 4f7 ↔ 4f65d1 (EuII) and 4f14 ↔ 4f135d1 (YbII) transitions, while electrochemistry reveals modulation of the redox potential of the LnII to LnIII oxidation. There is a strong correlation between Ln-N bond lengths and both the photophysical transition energies and metal redox-potentials, revealing how subtle ligand changes and ligand field effects can be used to modulate the electronic properties of complexes of divalent lanthanoid ions. Utilization of these insights may ultimately afford design and property tuning strategies for future functional molecular complexes based on divalent lanthanoid metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moya A Hay
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Robert W Gable
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Colette Boskovic
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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4
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Chowdhury T, Evans MJ, Coles MP, Bailey AG, Peveler WJ, Wilson C, Farnaby JH. Reduction chemistry yields stable and soluble divalent lanthanide tris(pyrazolyl)borate complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2134-2137. [PMID: 36727241 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03189b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of the heteroleptic Ln(III) precursors [Ln(Tp)2(OTf)] (Tp = hydrotris(1-pyrazolyl)borate; OTf = triflate) with either an aluminyl(I) anion or KC8 yielded the adduct-free homoleptic Ln(II) complexes dimeric 1-Eu [{Eu(Tp)(μ-κ1:η5-Tp)}2] and monomeric 1-Yb [Yb(Tp)2]. Complexes 1-Ln have good solubility and stability in both non-coordinating and coordinating solvents. Reaction of 1-Ln with 2 Ph3PO yielded 1-Ln(OPPh3)2. All complexes are intensely coloured and 1-Eu is photoluminescent. The electronic absorption data show the 4f-5d electronic transitions in Ln(II). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data reveal first μ-κ1:η5-coordination mode of the unsubstituted Tp ligand to lanthanides in 1-Eu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tajrian Chowdhury
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Matthew J Evans
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Martyn P Coles
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Anna G Bailey
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - William J Peveler
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Claire Wilson
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Joy H Farnaby
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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5
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Rare Earth Complexes of Europium(II) and Substituted Bis(pyrazolyl)borates with High Photoluminescence Efficiency. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228053. [PMID: 36432156 PMCID: PMC9694868 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rare earth europium(II) complexes based on d-f transition luminescence have characteristics of broad emission spectra, tunable emission colors and short excited state lifetimes, showing great potential in display, lighting and other fields. In this work, four complexes of Eu(II) and bis(pyrazolyl)borate ligands, where pyrazolyl stands for pyrazolyl, 3-methylpyrazolyl, 3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl or 3-trifluoromethylpyrazole, were designed and synthesized. Due to the varied steric hindrance of the ligands, different numbers of solvent molecules (tetrahydrofuran) are participated to saturate the coordination structure. These complexes showed blue-green to yellow emissions with maximum wavelength in the range of 490-560 nm, and short excited state lifetimes of 30-540 ns. Among them, the highest photoluminescence quantum yield can reach 100%. In addition, when the complexes were heated under vacuum or nitrogen atmosphere, they finally transformed into the complexes of Eu(II) and corresponding tri(pyrazolyl)borate ligands and sublimated away.
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6
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Guo R, Wang L, Cai Z, Zhao Z, Bian Z, Liu Z. Complexes of Ce(III) and Bis(pyrazolyl)borate Ligands: Synthesis, Structures, and Luminescence Properties. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:14164-14172. [PMID: 35994595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Luminescent cerium(III) complexes based on the d-f transition have characteristics of broad emission spectra, tunable emission colors, and short excited state lifetimes, showing potential applications in display, lighting, and other fields. Thus it is important to construct luminescent Ce(III) complexes with high photoluminescence efficiency and good stability. In this work, five Ce(III) complexes with dihydrobis(pyrazolyl)borate or diphenylbis(pyrazolyl)borate ligands, where pyrazolyl stands for pyrazolyl, 3-methylpyrazolyl, or 3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl, were designed and synthesized, showing emission colors from deep blue to yellow with a maximum wavelength in the range of 390-560 nm, short excited state lifetimes of 30-80 ns, and photoluminescence quantum yields exceeding 75% in solid powder. By comparing these complexes, it is found that higher photoluminescence efficiency and better thermal/air stability could be achieved in the complexes with dihydrobis(pyrazolyl)borate ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyao Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liding Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zelun Cai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zifeng Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zuqiang Bian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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7
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Bokouende SS, Jenks TC, Ward CL, Allen MJ. Solid-state and solution-phase characterization of Sm II-aza[2.2.2]cryptate and its methylated analogue. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10852-10855. [PMID: 35781473 PMCID: PMC9650674 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01823c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two new SmII-azacryptates are reported that differ in steric hindrance and Lewis basicity of donor atoms. The sterically hindered complex has a smaller coordination number and a more negative electrochemical potential than the complex with less steric hindrance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tyler C Jenks
- Deparptment of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Cassandra L Ward
- Lumigen Instrument Center, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Matthew J Allen
- Deparptment of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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8
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Wang L, Fang P, Zhao Z, Huang Y, Liu Z, Bian Z. Rare Earth Complexes with 5d-4f Transition: New Emitters in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:2686-2694. [PMID: 35302781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are considered as next-generation displays and lighting technologies. During the past three decades, various luminescent materials such as fluorescence, phosphorescence, and thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials have been subsequently investigated as emitters. To date, blue OLEDs are still the bottleneck as compared to red and green ones because of the lack of efficient emitters with simultaneous high exciton utilization efficiency and long-term stability. Recently, d-f transition rare earth complexes have been reported as new emitters in OLEDs with potential high efficiency and stability. In this Perspective, we present a brief introduction to OLEDs and an overview of the previous electroluminescence study on d-f transition rare earth complexes. This is followed by our recent developments in cerium(III) complex- and europium(II) complex-based OLEDs. We finally discuss the challenges and opportunities for OLED study based on d-f transition rare earth complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liding Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peiyu Fang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zifeng Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanyi Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zuqiang Bian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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9
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Diaz-Rodriguez RM, Gálico DA, Chartrand D, Suturina EA, Murugesu M. Toward Opto-Structural Correlation to Investigate Luminescence Thermometry in an Organometallic Eu(II) Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:912-921. [PMID: 34989573 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanide-based luminescent materials have unique properties and are well-studied for many potential applications. In particular, the characteristic 5d → 4f emission of divalent lanthanide ions such as EuII allows for tunability of the emissive properties via modulation of the coordination environment. We report the synthesis and photoluminescence investigation of pentamethylcyclopentadienyleuropium(II) tetrahydroborate bis(tetrahydrofuran) dimer (1), the first example of an organometallic, discrete molecular EuII band-shift luminescence thermometer. Complex 1 exhibits an absolute sensitivity of 8.2 cm-1 K-1 at 320 K, the highest thus far observed for a lanthanide-based band-shift thermometer. Opto-structural correlation via variable-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction and fluorescence spectroscopy allows rationalization of the remarkable thermometric luminescence of complex 1 and reveals the significant potential of molecular EuII compounds in luminescence thermometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto M Diaz-Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Diogo A Gálico
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Daniel Chartrand
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Elizaveta A Suturina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Muralee Murugesu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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10
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Yan W, Li T, Cai Z, Qi H, Guo R, Huo P, Liu Z, Bian Z. Systematic tuning of the emission colors and redox potential of Eu( ii)-containing cryptates by changing the N/O ratio of cryptands. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi01216b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The λmax, excited-state lifetimes, and the anodic peak potential of Eu2+/Eu3+ for Eu(ii)-containing cryptates depend linearly on the number of N atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tingzhou Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zelun Cai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hao Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ruoyao Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peihao Huo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zuqiang Bian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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11
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Yan W, Cai Z, Qi H, Guo R, Liu Z, Bian Z. Deep-blue emitting cerium(III) complexes with tris(pyrazolyl)borate and triflate ligand. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3234-3240. [DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04072c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Red, green and blue emitting materials, the three-primary colors, are very important in lighting and display. Red-emitting Eu(III) complexes and green-emitting Tb(III) complexes exhibit high color purity and photoluminescence (PL)...
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