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Ceballos-Sanchez O, Navarro-López DE, Mejía-Méndez JL, Sanchez-Ante G, Rodríguez-González V, Sánchez-López AL, Sanchez-Martinez A, Duron-Torres SM, Juarez-Moreno K, Tiwari N, López-Mena ER. Enhancing antioxidant properties of CeO 2 nanoparticles with Nd 3+ doping: structural, biological, and machine learning insights. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:2108-2120. [PMID: 38450552 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm02107f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The antioxidant capabilities of nanoparticles are contingent upon various factors, including their shape, size, and chemical composition. Herein, novel Nd-doped CeO2 nanoparticles were synthesized and the neodymium content was varied to investigate the synergistic impact on the antioxidant properties of CeO2 nanoparticles. Incorporating Nd3+ induced changes in lattice parameters and significantly altered the morphology from nanoparticles to nanorods. The biological activity of Nd-doped CeO2 was examined against pathogenic bacterial strains, breast cancer cell lines, and antioxidant models. The antibacterial and anticancer activities of nanoparticles were not observed, which could be associated with the Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio. Notably, the incorporation of neodymium improved the antioxidant capacity of CeO2. Machine learning techniques were employed to forecast the antioxidant activity to enhance understanding and predictive capabilities. Among these models, the random forest model exhibited the highest accuracy at 96.35%, establishing it as a robust computational tool for elucidating the biological behavior of Nd-doped CeO2 nanoparticles. This study presents the first exploration of the influence of Nd3+ on the structural, optical, and biological attributes of CeO2, contributing valuable insights and extending the application of machine learning in predicting the therapeutic efficacy of inorganic nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Ceballos-Sanchez
- Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierias (CUCEI), Departamento de Ingenieria de Proyectos, Av. José Guadalupe Zuno # 48, Industrial Los Belenes, Zapopan, Jalisco, 45157, Mexico.
| | - Diego E Navarro-López
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Gral. Ramón Corona No 2514, Colonia Nuevo México, Zapopan, Jalisco, 45121, Mexico
| | - Jorge L Mejía-Méndez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Santa Catarina Mártir s/n, 72810 Cholula, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Gildardo Sanchez-Ante
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Gral. Ramón Corona No 2514, Colonia Nuevo México, Zapopan, Jalisco, 45121, Mexico
| | - Vicente Rodríguez-González
- División de Materiales Avanzados, IPICYT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Angélica Lizeth Sánchez-López
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Gral. Ramón Corona No 2514, Colonia Nuevo México, Zapopan, Jalisco, 45121, Mexico
| | - Araceli Sanchez-Martinez
- Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierias (CUCEI), Departamento de Ingenieria de Proyectos, Av. José Guadalupe Zuno # 48, Industrial Los Belenes, Zapopan, Jalisco, 45157, Mexico.
| | - Sergio M Duron-Torres
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Campus Siglo XXI, Carretera Zacatecas, Guadalajara Km 6, Ejido La Escondida, 98160, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Karla Juarez-Moreno
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada (CFATA), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, QRO 76230, Mexico
| | - Naveen Tiwari
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biológica y Materiales Moleculares (CIQUS), C/Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, Campus Vida, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Edgar R López-Mena
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Gral. Ramón Corona No 2514, Colonia Nuevo México, Zapopan, Jalisco, 45121, Mexico
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2
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Dunstan MA, Giansiracusa MJ, Calvello S, Sorace L, Krause-Heuer AM, Soncini A, Mole RA, Boskovic C. Ab initio-based determination of lanthanoid-radical exchange as visualised by inelastic neutron scattering. Chem Sci 2024; 15:4466-4477. [PMID: 38516080 PMCID: PMC10952085 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04229d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnetic exchange coupling can modulate the slow magnetic relaxation in single-molecule magnets. Despite this, elucidation of exchange coupling remains a significant challenge for the lanthanoid(iii) ions, both experimentally and computationally. In this work, the crystal field splitting and 4f-π exchange coupling in the erbium-semiquinonate complex [ErTp2dbsq] (Er-dbsq; Tp- = hydro-tris(1-pyrazolyl)borate, dbsqH2 = 3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,2-semiquinone) have been determined by inelastic neutron scattering (INS), magnetometry, and CASSCF-SO ab initio calculations. A related complex with a diamagnetic ligand, [ErTp2trop] (Er-trop; tropH = tropolone), has been used as a model for the crystal field splitting in the absence of coupling. Magnetic and INS data indicate antiferromagnetic exchange for Er-dbsq with a coupling constant of Jex = -0.23 meV (-1.8 cm-1) (-2Jex formalism) and good agreement is found between theory and experiment, with the low energy magnetic and spectroscopic properties well modelled. Most notable is the ability of the ab initio modelling to reproduce the signature of interference between localised 4f states and delocalised π-radical states that is evident in the Q-dependence of the exchange excitation. This work highlights the power of combining INS with EPR and magnetometry for determination of ground state properties, as well as the enhanced capability of CASSCF-SO ab initio calculations and purposely developed ab initio-based theoretical models. We deliver an unprecedentedly detailed representation of the entangled character of 4f-π exchange states, which is obtained via an accurate image of the spin-orbital transition density between the 4f-π exchange coupled wavefunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja A Dunstan
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | | | - Simone Calvello
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001 Kirrawee DC 2232 Australia
| | - Lorenzo Sorace
- INFN Sez. di Firenze, Department of Chemistry, "Ugo Schiff", Università Degli Studi Firenze Via Della Lastruccia, 13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Anwen M Krause-Heuer
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001 Kirrawee DC 2232 Australia
| | - Alessandro Soncini
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Richard A Mole
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001 Kirrawee DC 2232 Australia
| | - Colette Boskovic
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
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3
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Manna K, Sutter JP, Natarajan S. Turn-off luminescence sensing, white light emission and magnetic studies of two-dimensional lanthanide MOFs. Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 38013491 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01882b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The lanthanide metal organic framework compounds [Ln(BPTA)1.5(Bpy)]·0.5DMF (Ln = Y, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy; 1a-5a) and [Ln(BPTA)1.5(Phen)]·0.5DMF (Ln = Y, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy; 1b-5b) were prepared by employing 2,5-bis(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)terephthalic acid (2,5-BPTA) as the primary ligand and 2,2'-bipyridine (1a-5a) and 1,10-phenanthroline (1b-5b) as the secondary ligands. Single-crystal structural studies on [Gd(BPTA)1.5(Bpy)]·0.5DMF (3a) and [Dy(BPTA)1.5(Phen)]·0.5DMF (5b) indicated that the compounds have a two-dimensional structure. The Y compound exhibits blue emission, and the other compounds exhibit emission in the expected regions (λex = 350 nm). White light emission was achieved by careful mixing of the red (Eu3+) and green (Tb3+) components in the blue emitting Y compound. Thus, Y0.96Tb0.02Eu0.02 (bpy) and Y0.939Tb0.06Eu0.001 (phen) were found to show white emission when excited using a wavelength of 350 nm. The introduction of N-N-containing ancillary ligands (i.e., bpy and phen) increased the overall quantum yield (QY) of white light emission to 31% and 43%, respectively. The high QY observed for the Tb and Eu compounds was found to be sensitive and selective for the fluorometric detection of azinphos-methyl pesticide and trinitrophenol (TNP) in an aqueous medium at the ppb level. The same behaviour was observed when utilising the compounds as onsite paper strip sensors. Their magnetic properties were also studied, revealing for the Tb and Dy derivatives slow relaxation of the magnetisation at low temperature. The present study highlights the usefulness of rigid π-conjugated molecules such as 2,2'-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline in enhancing the many utilities of rare-earth-containing MOFs towards white light emission, the sensing of harmful and dangerous substances and magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Manna
- Framework Solids Laboratory, Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore- 560012, India.
| | - Jean-Pascal Sutter
- Laboratoire de Chime de Coordination du CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France.
| | - Srinivasan Natarajan
- Framework Solids Laboratory, Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore- 560012, India.
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4
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Ghazali NF, Vignesh KR, Phonsri W, Murray KS, Junk PC, Deacon GB, Turner DR. Efficient synthetic route to heterobimetallic trinuclear complexes [Ln-Mn-Ln] and their single molecule magnetic properties. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:18502-18513. [PMID: 36422236 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02616c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of mononuclear lanthanoidate complexes isolated as [Bu4N][Ln(QCl4)] 1Ln (QCl = 5-chloro-8-quinolinolate; Ln = Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, and Er) have been prepared, characterised, and used as facile precursors to obtain a series of new heterobimetallic complexes as crystalline materials. Reaction of 1Ln with manganese nitrate forms [Ln2Mn(QCl)8] (2Ln, where Ln = Tb, Dy, Er and Yb) which have been structurally characterised in the cases of 2Tb and 2Yb. The heteroleptic trinuclear complex [Dy3(QCl)8Cl(OH2)], 3, has also been obtained. Compounds 1Dy, 1Tb, and 1Er display slow relaxation of magnetisation below 10K, particularly for the prolate Er3+ ion. These results also suggest that the positive effects of the change from mononuclear to trinuclear lanthanoid complexes enhance their single molecule magnetic (SMM) behaviour, as evidenced by the well resolved frequency dependent AC out-of-phase susceptibility maxima seen in the 2Ln systems, that have been analysed quantitatively. The synthesis used here provides a promising strategy in obtaining heterobimetallic complexes with quinolinolate ligands and also constructing efficient heterobimetallic SMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul F Ghazali
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia. .,Centre of Foundation Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Dengkil, Dengkil 43800, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kuduva R Vignesh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, IISER Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Mohali-140306, Punjab, India
| | - Wasinee Phonsri
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Keith S Murray
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Peter C Junk
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Glen B Deacon
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - David R Turner
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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5
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Jiang Y, Dey S, Ke H, Yang Y, Sun L, Xie G, Chen S, Rajaraman G. Steric hindrance effect of Schiff-base ligands on magnetic relaxation dynamics and emissive behavior of two dinuclear dysprosium complexes. J RARE EARTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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7
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Roy S, Shukla P, Prakash Sahu P, Sun Y, Ahmed N, Chandra Sahoo S, Wang X, Kumar Singh S, Das S. Zero‐field Slow Magnetic Relaxation Behavior of Dy
2
in a Series of Dinuclear {Ln
2
} (Ln=Dy, Tb, Gd and Er) Complexes: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumalya Roy
- Department of Basic Sciences, Chemistry Discipline Institute of Infrastructure Technology Research And Management Near Khokhra Circle, Maninagar East Ahmedabad 380026, Gujarat India
| | - Pooja Shukla
- Department of Basic Sciences, Chemistry Discipline Institute of Infrastructure Technology Research And Management Near Khokhra Circle, Maninagar East Ahmedabad 380026, Gujarat India
| | - Prem Prakash Sahu
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Kandi- 502285, Sangareddy Telangana India
| | - Yu‐Chen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Naushad Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Kandi- 502285, Sangareddy Telangana India
| | | | - Xin‐Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Saurabh Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Kandi- 502285, Sangareddy Telangana India
| | - Sourav Das
- Department of Basic Sciences, Chemistry Discipline Institute of Infrastructure Technology Research And Management Near Khokhra Circle, Maninagar East Ahmedabad 380026, Gujarat India
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8
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Mondal A, Konar S. A remarkable energy barrier for spin reversal in a field induced dinuclear ytterbium single molecule magnet. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:13666-13670. [PMID: 34586116 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02130c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A dinuclear ytterbium complex has been designed with a strong ligand field in equatorial positions. Magnetic studies reveal the presence of easy-axis anisotropy and field induced slow relaxation of magnetization with a remarkable energy barrier, Ueff = 53.58 cm-1, the highest value reported for any Yb-based SMMs to date. Furthermore, the ab initio calculations disclose the importance of a weak axial ligand field to design high-performance Yb-based SMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal (IISERB), Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-462066, India.
| | - Sanjit Konar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal (IISERB), Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-462066, India.
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9
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Király N, Zeleňák V, Lenártová N, Zeleňáková A, Čižmár E, Almáši M, Meynen V, Hovan A, Gyepes R. Novel Lanthanide(III) Porphyrin-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks: Structure, Gas Adsorption, and Magnetic Properties. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:24637-24649. [PMID: 34604646 PMCID: PMC8482518 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present work focuses on the hydrothermal synthesis and properties of porous coordination polymers of metal-porphyrin framework (MPF) type, namely, {[Pr4(H2TPPS)3]·11H2O} n (UPJS-10), {[Eu/Sm(H2TPPS)]·H3O+·16H2O} n (UPJS-11), and {[Ce4(H2TPPS)3]·11H2O} n (UPJS-12) (H2TPPS = 4,4',4″,4‴-(porphyrin-5,10,15,20-tetrayl)tetrakisbenzenesulfonate(4-)). The compounds were characterized using several analytical techniques: infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric measurements, elemental analysis, gas adsorption measurements, and single-crystal structure analysis (SXRD). The results of SXRD revealed a three-dimensional open porous framework containing crossing cavities propagating along all crystallographic axes. Coordination of H2TPPS4- ligands with Ln(III) ions leads to the formation of 1D polymeric chains propagating along the c crystallographic axis. Argon sorption measurements at -186 °C show that the activated MPFs have apparent BET surface areas of 260 m2 g-1 (UPJS-10) and 230 m2 g-1 (UPJS-12). Carbon dioxide adsorption isotherms at 0 °C show adsorption capacities up to 1 bar of 9.8 wt % for UPJS-10 and 8.6 wt % for UPJS-12. At a temperature of 20 °C, the respective CO2 adsorption capacities decreased to 6.95 and 5.99 wt %, respectively. The magnetic properties of UPJS-10 are characterized by the presence of a close-lying nonmagnetic ground singlet and excited doublet states in the electronic spectrum of Pr(III) ions. A much larger energy difference was suggested between the two lowest Kramers doublets of Ce(III) ions in UPJS-12. Finally, the analysis of X-band EPR spectra revealed the presence of radical spins, which were tentatively assigned to be originating from the porphyrin ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Király
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Moyzesova 11, Košice SK-041 54, Slovakia
| | - Vladimír Zeleňák
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Moyzesova 11, Košice SK-041 54, Slovakia
| | - Nina Lenártová
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Moyzesova 11, Košice SK-041 54, Slovakia
| | - Adriana Zeleňáková
- Institute
of Physics, P. J. Šafárik
University, Park Angelinum 9, Košice SK-04154, Slovakia
| | - Erik Čižmár
- Institute
of Physics, P. J. Šafárik
University, Park Angelinum 9, Košice SK-04154, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Almáši
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Moyzesova 11, Košice SK-041 54, Slovakia
| | - Vera Meynen
- Laboratory
of Adsorption and Catalysis, University
of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein
1, Wilrijk B-2610, Belgium
| | - Andrej Hovan
- Institute
of Physics, P. J. Šafárik
University, Park Angelinum 9, Košice SK-04154, Slovakia
| | - Róbert Gyepes
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, Prague CZ-128
43, Czech Republic
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10
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Mayans J, Tesi L, Briganti M, Boulon ME, Font-Bardia M, Escuer A, Sorace L. Single-Ion Anisotropy and Intramolecular Interactions in Ce III and Nd III Dimers. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:8692-8703. [PMID: 34110135 PMCID: PMC8277162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This article reports the syntheses, characterization, structural description, together with magnetic and spectroscopic properties of two isostructural molecular magnets based on the chiral ligand N,N'-bis((1,2-diphenyl-(pyridine-2-yl)methylene)-(R,R/S,S)-ethane-1,2-diamine), L1, of general formula [Ln2(RR-L1)2(Cl6)]·MeOH·1.5H2O, (Ln = Ce (1) or Nd (2)). Multifrequency electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), cantilever torque magnetometry (CTM) measurements, and ab initio calculations allowed us to determine single-ion magnetic anisotropy and intramolecular magnetic interactions in both compounds, evidencing a more important role of the anisotropic exchange for the NdIII derivative. The comparison of experimental and theoretical data indicates that, in the case of largely rhombic lanthanide ions, ab initio calculations can fail in determining the orientation of the weakest components, while being reliable in determining their principal values. However, they remain of paramount importance to set the analysis of EPR and CTM on sound basis, thus obtaining a very precise picture of the magnetic interactions in these systems. Finally, the electronic structure of the two complexes, as obtained by this approach, is consistent with the absence of zero-field slow relaxation observed in ac susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Mayans
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció
Inorgànica and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
(INUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franques 1-11, Barcelona-08028, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Tesi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” & INSTM RU, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Matteo Briganti
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” & INSTM RU, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Marie-Emmanuelle Boulon
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” & INSTM RU, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Mercè Font-Bardia
- Unitat
de Difracció de R-X, Centre Científic i Tecnològic
de la Universitat de Barcelona (CCiTUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Solé i Sabarís 1-3, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Escuer
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció
Inorgànica and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
(INUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franques 1-11, Barcelona-08028, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Sorace
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” & INSTM RU, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
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