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Wu J, Sun X, Li X, Li X, Feng W, Yuan L. Multi-Responsive Molecular Encapsulation and Release Based on Hydrogen-Bonded Azo-Macrocycle. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114437. [PMID: 37298912 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on stimuli-responsive host-guest systems is at the cutting edge of supramolecular chemistry, owing to their numerous potential applications such as catalysis, molecular machines, and drug delivery. Herein, we present a multi-responsive host-guest system comprising azo-macrocycle 1 and 4,4'-bipyridinium salt G1 for pH-, photo-, and cation- responsiveness. Previously, we reported a novel hydrogen-bonded azo-macrocycle 1. The size of this host can be controlled through light-induced E↔Z photo-isomerization of the constituent azo-benzenes. The host is found in this work to be capable of forming stable complexes with bipyridinium/pyridinium salts, and implementing guest capture and release with G1 under light in a controlled manner. The binding and release of the guest in the complexes can also be easily controlled reversibly by using acid and base. Moreover, the cation competition-induced dissociation of the complex 1a2⊃G1 is achieved. These findings are expected to be useful in regulating encapsulation for sophisticated supramolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Wu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xuan Sun
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xianghui Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wen Feng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Lihua Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Liu Z, Zhou Y, Yuan L. Hydrogen-bonded aromatic amide macrocycles: synthesis, properties and functions. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:9023-9051. [PMID: 36128982 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01263d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As a classic example of nearly planar cyclic compounds, hydrogen-bonded aromatic amide (H-bonded aramide) macrocycles, consisting of consecutive intramolecular hydrogen bonds and aromatic residues, receive considerable research attention due to their rich host-guest chemistry. This review provides a detailed summary of the synthesis, properties and functions of H-bonded aramide macrocycles and their derivatives. Herein, the constitutional patterns of these macrocycles are divided into two subcategories: interior hydrogen bonding motifs and exterior hydrogen bonding motifs. Based on these two motifs, we summarize the facile synthesis, self-assembly, host-guest interaction complexation of H-bonded aramide macrocycles and the resulting applications such as molecular recognition, artificial ion channels, soft materials, supramolecular catalysis, and artificial molecular machines. The development of H-bonded aramide macrocycles is still in its infancy, although a considerable number of examples have been reported. We hope that this review will provide useful information and unlock new opportunities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejiang Liu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Yidan Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Lihua Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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Wimberger L, Prasad SKK, Peeks MD, Andréasson J, Schmidt TW, Beves JE. Large, Tunable, and Reversible pH Changes by Merocyanine Photoacids. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20758-20768. [PMID: 34846132 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Molecular photoswitches capable of generating precise pH changes will allow pH-dependent processes to be controlled remotely and noninvasively with light. We introduce a series of new merocyanine photoswitches, which deliver reversible bulk pH changes up to 3.2 pH units (pH 6.5 to pH 3.3) upon irradiation with 450 nm light, displaying tunable and predictable timescales for thermal recovery. We present models to show that the key parameters for optimizing the bulk pH changes are measurable: the solubility of the photoswitch, the acidity of the merocyanine form, the thermal equilibrium position between the spiropyran and the merocyanine isomers, and the increased acidity under visible light irradiation. Using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy, we determined the quantum yields for the ring-closing reaction and found that the lifetimes of the transient cis-merocyanine isomers ranged from 30 to 550 ns. Quantum yields did not appear to be a limitation for bulk pH switching. The models we present use experimentally determined parameters and are, in principle, able to predict the change in pH obtained for any related merocyanine photoacid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Wimberger
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Shyamal K K Prasad
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Martin D Peeks
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Joakim Andréasson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Timothy W Schmidt
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jonathon E Beves
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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Spiropyrans: molecules in motion. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-021-03010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chiroptical Sensing of Amino Acid Derivatives by Host-Guest Complexation with Cyclo[6]aramide. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134064. [PMID: 34279403 PMCID: PMC8271771 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A hydrogen-bonded (H-bonded) amide macrocycle was found to serve as an effective component in the host–guest assembly for a supramolecular chirality transfer process. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy studies showed that the near-planar macrocycle could produce a CD response when combined with three of the twelve L-α-amino acid esters (all cryptochiral molecules) tested as possible guests. The host–guest complexation between the macrocycle and cationic guests was explored using NMR, revealing the presence of a strong affinity involving the multi-point recognition of guests. This was further corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The present work proposes a new strategy for amplifying the CD signals of cryptochiral molecules by means of H-bonded macrocycle-based host–guest association, and is expected to be useful in designing supramolecular chiroptical sensing materials.
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Ruan Y, Li QH, Shu L, Wan JH. A shape-persistent arylene ethynylene macrocycle with a multiple acetamide modified cavity: synthesis and gelation. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:3242-3249. [PMID: 33625436 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm02144j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A new arylene ethynylene macrocycle (AEM) molecule bearing endo-acetamide groups was obtained by a Pd/Cu mediated homo-coupling reaction. Introducing tetraethylene glycol ether as a linkage between two C-shaped fragments substantially improved the final cyclization yield (30%). Concentration-dependent 1HNMR experiments indicated that strong aggregates formed through H-bonds were observed for this new macrocycle with amide groups in solution. And also, this macrocycle was fluorescent in solution and showed a highly selective fluorescence quenching response toward the highly toxic Hg2+. More importantly, this macrocycle could induce gelation of several solvents. Significantly, an interesting aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE) behavior was observed for this macrocycle upon gelation. Both SEM and TEM investigations revealed that nanoporous structures existed in the xerogels. This study offers a new molecular design approach to develop fluorescent gels from planar AEM molecules with a functional cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310012, P. R. China.
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Liu Z, Kang K, Zhou Y, Liu R, Cai Y, Feng W, Yuan L. Switchable supramolecular ensemble for anion binding with ditopic hydrogen-bonded macrocycles. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00764e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel supramolecular strategy has been proposed by using a ditopic H-bonded amide macrocycle that is capable of controlling the binding process in response to external stimulus due to its assembly-and-disassembly-induced anion binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejiang Liu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Kang Kang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yidan Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yimin Cai
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wen Feng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Lihua Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyao Yang
- College of Chemistry Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics Technology of Ministry of Education Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Zejiang Liu
- College of Chemistry Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics Technology of Ministry of Education Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Lihua Yuan
- College of Chemistry Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics Technology of Ministry of Education Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
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