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Biswas S, Ghosh S, Das I. Supporting Electrolyte-Free Electrochemical Oxidative C-H Sulfonylation and Thiocyanation of Fused Pyrimidin-4-Ones in an All-Green Electrolytic System. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303118. [PMID: 37934155 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
An electrooxidative C-H functionalization is a widely accepted route to obtain sulfur-containing arenes and heteroarenes. However, this process often involves using non-recyclable supporting electrolytes, (co)solvents like hexafluoroisopropanol, additives like acid, or catalysts. The use of additional reagents can increase costs and waste, reducing atom efficiency. Moreover, unlike other nitrogen-containing heterocycles, there have only been sporadic reports of electrochemical C-H functionalization in fused pyrimidin-4-ones, and an electrolyte-free process has yet to be developed. This work demonstrates that such anodic coupling reactions can be performed in an all-green electrolytic system without using such additional electrolytes or HFIP, maintaining a high atom economy. This C-H functionalization strategy utilizes inexpensive sodium sulfinates and ammonium thiocyanate as sulfonylating and thiocyanating agents in an undivided cell at a constant current, using a mixture of CH3 CN/H2 O as solvent at room temperature. Thus, fused pyrimidin-4-ones can be selectively converted into C3-sulfonylated and -thiocyanated derivatives in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Biswas
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Subhadeep Ghosh
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, 700032, Kolkata, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 201002, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Indrajit Das
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, 700032, Kolkata, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 201002, Ghaziabad, India
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2
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Electrochemical oxythiocyanation of ortho-olefinic amides: access to diverse thiocyanated benzoxazines. Tetrahedron Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2023.154341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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3
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Mulina OM, Bityukov OV, Vil’ VA, Terent’ev AO. Photo- and Electrochemically Initiated Thiocyanation Reactions. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022120028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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4
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Ramos De Dios SM, Tiwari VK, McCune CD, Dhokale RA, Berkowitz DB. Biomacromolecule-Assisted Screening for Reaction Discovery and Catalyst Optimization. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13800-13880. [PMID: 35904776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reaction discovery and catalyst screening lie at the heart of synthetic organic chemistry. While there are efforts at de novo catalyst design using computation/artificial intelligence, at its core, synthetic chemistry is an experimental science. This review overviews biomacromolecule-assisted screening methods and the follow-on elaboration of chemistry so discovered. All three types of biomacromolecules discussed─enzymes, antibodies, and nucleic acids─have been used as "sensors" to provide a readout on product chirality exploiting their native chirality. Enzymatic sensing methods yield both UV-spectrophotometric and visible, colorimetric readouts. Antibody sensors provide direct fluorescent readout upon analyte binding in some cases or provide for cat-ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay)-type readouts. DNA biomacromolecule-assisted screening allows for templation to facilitate reaction discovery, driving bimolecular reactions into a pseudo-unimolecular format. In addition, the ability to use DNA-encoded libraries permits the barcoding of reactants. All three types of biomacromolecule-based screens afford high sensitivity and selectivity. Among the chemical transformations discovered by enzymatic screening methods are the first Ni(0)-mediated asymmetric allylic amination and a new thiocyanopalladation/carbocyclization transformation in which both C-SCN and C-C bonds are fashioned sequentially. Cat-ELISA screening has identified new classes of sydnone-alkyne cycloadditions, and DNA-encoded screening has been exploited to uncover interesting oxidative Pd-mediated amido-alkyne/alkene coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Virendra K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Christopher D McCune
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Ranjeet A Dhokale
- Higuchi Biosciences Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - David B Berkowitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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5
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Chen H, Shi X, Liu X, Zhao L. Recent progress of direct thiocyanation reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6508-6527. [PMID: 35942781 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01018f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thiocyanates are common in natural products, synthetic drugs and bioactive molecules. Many thiocyanate derivatives show excellent antibacterial, antiparasitic and anticancer activities. Thiocyanation can introduce SCN groups into parent molecules for constructing SCN-containing small organic molecules. Among them, the direct introduction method mainly includes nucleophilic reaction, electrophilic reaction and free radical reaction, which can simply and quickly introduce SCN groups at the target sites to construct thiocyanates, and has broad application prospects. In this review, we summarize the research progress of direct thiocyanation in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Xiaotian Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Limin Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
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6
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Bityukov OV, Kirillov AS, Serdyuchenko PY, Kuznetsova MA, Demidova VN, Vil' VA, Terent'ev AO. Electrochemical thiocyanation of barbituric acids. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3629-3636. [PMID: 35420113 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00343k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical thiocyanation of barbituric acids with NH4SCN was disclosed in an undivided cell under constant current conditions. The electrosynthesis is the most efficient at a record high current density (janode ≈50-70 mA cm-2). NH4SCN has a dual role as the source of the SCN group and as the electrolyte. Electrochemical thiocyanation of barbituric acids starts with the generation of (SCN)2 from the thiocyanate anion. The addition of thiocyanogen to the double bond of the enol tautomer of barbituric acid gives thiocyanated barbituric acid. A variety of thiocyanated barbituric acids bearing different functional groups were obtained in 18-95% yields and were shown to exhibit promising antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V Bityukov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Andrey S Kirillov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Pavel Yu Serdyuchenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation. .,D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya Square, Moscow 125047, Russian Federation
| | - Maria A Kuznetsova
- All-Russian Research Institute for Phytopathology, B. Vyazyomy, 143050, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Valentina N Demidova
- All-Russian Research Institute for Phytopathology, B. Vyazyomy, 143050, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Vera A Vil'
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander O Terent'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
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Zhang S, Li Y, Wang T, Li M, Wen L, Guo W. Electrochemical Benzylic C(sp 3)-H Isothiocyanation. Org Lett 2022; 24:1742-1746. [PMID: 35200030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Selective C(sp3)-H isothiocyanation represents a significant strategy for the synthesis of isothiocyanate derivatives. We report herein an electrochemical benzylic isothiocyanation in a highly chemo- and site-selective manner under external oxidant-free conditions. The high chemoselectivity is attributed to the facile in situ isomerization of benzylic thiocyanates to isothiocyanates. Notably, the method exhibits high functional group compatibility and is suitable for late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanxue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Lirong Wen
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Weisi Guo
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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8
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Liu D, Zhang Z, Yu J, Chen H, Lin X, Li M, Wen LR, Guo WS. Site-selective electrochemical thiocyanation of benzylic C–H bonds. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00201a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Direct benzylic C(sp3)−H thiocyanation is explored as a straightforward strategy toward the synthesis of thiocyanate derivatives. We report herein an electrochemical protocol for site-selective benzylic C(sp3)−H thiocyanation under mild reaction...
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Thadathil DA, Varghese A, Radhakrishnan KV. The Renaissance of Electro‐Organic Synthesis for the Difunctionalization of Alkenes and Alkynes: A Sustainable Approach. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ditto Abraham Thadathil
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road Bengaluru, Karnataka 560029 India
| | - Anitha Varghese
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road Bengaluru, Karnataka 560029 India
| | - Kokkuvayil Vasu Radhakrishnan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
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10
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Wen L, Wang N, Du W, Zhu M, Pan C, Zhang L, Li M. Electrochemical Selective Oxidative Synthesis of Diversified Sulfur Heterocycles from
β‐Ketothioamides. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Rong Wen
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco‐Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao Shandong 266042 China
| | - Ning‐Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco‐Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao Shandong 266042 China
| | - Wu‐Bo Du
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco‐Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao Shandong 266042 China
| | - Ming‐Zhe Zhu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco‐Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao Shandong 266042 China
| | - Chao Pan
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco‐Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao Shandong 266042 China
| | - Lin‐Bao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco‐Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao Shandong 266042 China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco‐Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao Shandong 266042 China
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11
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Li Y, Huang Z, Mo G, Jiang W, Zheng C, Feng P, Ruan Z. Direct Electrochemical Synthesis of
Sulfur‐Containing
Triazolium Inner Salts. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yueheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 511436 China
| | - Zhixing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 511436 China
| | - Guangquan Mo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 511436 China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 511436 China
| | - Chengwei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 511436 China
| | - Pengju Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 China
| | - Zhixiong Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 511436 China
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12
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Hu J, Hong H, Qin Y, Hu Y, Pu S, Liang G, Huang Y. Electrochemical Desulfurative Cyclization Accessing Oxazol-2-amine Derivatives via Intermolecular C-N/C-O Bond Formation. Org Lett 2021; 23:1016-1020. [PMID: 33475369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A practical protocol has been established to access diverse oxazol-2-amine derivatives in one step via the electrochemical desulfurative cyclization of isothiocyanates and α-amino ketones. On the basis of the cycle of in situ generation of iodine/desulfurative cyclization/iodide anion regeneration, the reaction is performed under metal-free and external-oxidant-free electrolytic conditions to achieve the formation of intermolecular C-O and C-N bonds, providing oxazol-2-amines in moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Hu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Huanliang Hong
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Yongwei Qin
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Hu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Suyun Pu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Gen Liang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Yubing Huang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
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13
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Ma Z, Hu X, Li Y, Liang D, Dong Y, Wang B, Li W. Electrochemical oxidative synthesis of 1,3,4-thiadiazoles from isothiocyanates and hydrazones. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00168j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A metal- and oxidant-free electrosynthesis of 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles through tandem addition/chemoselective C–S coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiao Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Kunming University
- Kunming 650214
- China
| | - Xiao Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Kunming University
- Kunming 650214
- China
| | - Yanni Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Kunming University
- Kunming 650214
- China
| | - Deqiang Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Kunming University
- Kunming 650214
- China
| | - Ying Dong
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Shandong Normal University
- Jinan 250014
- China
| | - Baoling Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Kunming University
- Kunming 650214
- China
| | - Weili Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Kunming University
- Kunming 650214
- China
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