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Klyukin IN, Kolbunova AV, Novikov AS, Nelyubin AV, Zhdanov AP, Kubasov AS, Selivanov NA, Bykov AY, Zhizhin KY, Kuznetsov NT. Synthesis of Disubstituted Carboxonium Derivatives of Closo-Decaborate Anion [2,6-B 10H 8O 2CC 6H 5] -: Theoretical and Experimental Study. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041757. [PMID: 36838745 PMCID: PMC9966448 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive study focused on the preparation of disubstituted carboxonium derivatives of closo-decaborate anion [2,6-B10H8O2CC6H5]- was carried out. The proposed synthesis of the target product was based on the interaction between the anion [B10H11]- and benzoic acid C6H5COOH. It was shown that the formation of this product proceeds stepwise through the formation of a mono-substituted product [B10H9OC(OH)C6H5]-. In addition, an alternative one-step approach for obtaining the target derivative is postulated. The structure of tetrabutylammonium salts of carboxonium derivative ((C4H9)4N)[2,6-B10H8O2CC6H5] was established with the help of X-ray structure analysis. The reaction pathway for the formation of [2,6-B10H8O2CC6H5]- was investigated with the help of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This process has an electrophile induced nucleophilic substitution (EINS) mechanism, and intermediate anionic species play a key role. Such intermediates have a structure in which one boron atom coordinates two hydrogen atoms. The regioselectivity for the process of formation for the 2,6-isomer was also proved by theoretical calculations. Generally, in the experimental part, the simple and available approach for producing disubstituted carboxonium derivative was introduced, and the mechanism of this process was investigated with the help of theoretical calculations. The proposed approach can be applicable for the preparation of a wide range of disubstituted derivatives of closo-borate anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya N. Klyukin
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Pr. 31, 117907 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (I.N.K.); (A.S.N.)
| | - Anastasia V. Kolbunova
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Pr. 31, 117907 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S. Novikov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7–9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Research Institute of Chemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (I.N.K.); (A.S.N.)
| | - Alexey V. Nelyubin
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Pr. 31, 117907 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey P. Zhdanov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Pr. 31, 117907 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey S. Kubasov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Pr. 31, 117907 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita A. Selivanov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Pr. 31, 117907 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Yu. Bykov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Pr. 31, 117907 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin Yu. Zhizhin
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Pr. 31, 117907 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay T. Kuznetsov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Pr. 31, 117907 Moscow, Russia
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Neumolotov NK, Selivanov NA, Bykov AY, Klyukin IN, Novikov AS, Zhdanov AP, Zhizin KY, Kuznetsov NT. New Methods for Preparation of the Monofluorosubstituted Derivative of the closo-Borate Anion [2-B10H9F]2–, Its Properties, and Analysis of Its Reactivity. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023622600861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Anderson KP, Djurovich PI, Rubio VP, Liang A, Spokoyny AM. Metal-Catalyzed and Metal-Free Nucleophilic Substitution of 7-I-B 18H 21. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:15051-15057. [PMID: 36098984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, two pathways of reactivity are investigated to generate site-specific substitutions at the B7 vertex of the luminescent boron cluster, anti-B18H22. First, a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction utilizing the precursor 7-I-B18H21 and a series of model nucleophiles was developed, ultimately producing several B-N- and B-O-substituted species. Interestingly, the B-I bond in this cluster can also be substituted in an uncatalyzed fashion, leading to the formation of various B-N, B-O, and B-S products. This work highlights intricate differences corresponding to these two reaction pathways and analyzes the role of solvents and additives on product distributions. As a result of our synthetic studies, seven new B18-based clusters were synthesized, isolated, and characterized by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The photoluminescence properties of two structurally similar ether and thioether products were further investigated, with both exhibiting blue fluorescence in solution at 298 K and long-lived green or yellow phosphorescence at 77 K. Overall, this work shows, for the first time, the ability to perform substitution of a boron-halogen bond with nucleophiles in a B18-based cluster, resulting in the formation of photoluminescent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kierstyn P Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystem Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Peter I Djurovich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Victoria P Rubio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystem Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Aimee Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystem Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Alexander M Spokoyny
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystem Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Protonation of Borylated Carboxonium Derivative [2,6-B10H8O2CCH3]−: Theoretical and Experimental Investigation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084190. [PMID: 35457007 PMCID: PMC9025682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of protonation of [2,6-B10H8O2CCH3]− was investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The most suitable conditions for protonation of the derivative [2,6-B10H8O2CCH3]− were found. The process of protonation was carried out in the presence of an excess of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid CF3SO3H at room temperature in dichloromethane solution. The structure of the resulting complex [2,6-B10H8O2CCH3*Hfac]0 was established using NMR data and the results of DFT calculations. An additional proton atom Hfac was found to be localized on one of the facets that was opposite the boron atom in a substituted position, and which bonded mainly with one apical boron atom. The main descriptors of the B-Hfac bond were established theoretically using QTAIM and NBO approaches. In addition, the mechanism of [2,6-B10H8O2CCH3]− protonation was investigated.
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Mills HA, Alsarhan F, Ong TC, Gembicky M, Rheingold AL, Spokoyny AM. Icosahedral m-Carboranes Containing Exopolyhedral B-Se and B-Te Bonds. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:19165-19174. [PMID: 34855370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chalcogen-containing carboranes have been known for several decades and possess stable exopolyhedral B(9)-Se and B(9)-Te σ bonds despite the electron-donating ability of the B(9) vertex. While these molecules are known, little has been done to thoroughly evaluate their electrophilic and nucleophilic behavior. Herein, we report an assessment of the electrophilic reactivity of m-carboranylselenyl(II), -tellurenyl(II), and -tellurenyl(IV) chlorides and establish their reactivity pattern with Grignard reagents, alkenes, alkynes, enolates, and electron-rich arenes. These electrophilic reactions afford unique electron-rich B-Y-C (Y = Se, Te) bonding motifs not commonly found before. Furthermore, we show that m-carboranylselenolate, and even m-carboranyltellurolate, can be competent nucleophiles and participate in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Arene substitution chemistry is shown to be further extended to electron-rich species via palladium-mediated cross-coupling chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison A Mills
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Fadi Alsarhan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ta-Chung Ong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Milan Gembicky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Alexander M Spokoyny
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Ham H, Shin S, Ko GH, Han SH, Han GU, Maeng C, Kim TH, Noh HC, Lee K, Kim H, Yang H, Lee PH. Direct and Regioselective Palladium(II)-Catalyzed B(4)-H Monoacyloxylation and B(4,5)-H Diacetoxylation of o-Carborane Acids with Phenyliodonium Dicarboxylates. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15153-15163. [PMID: 34592103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A direct B(4)-H monoacyloxylation via a Pd-catalyzed regioselective B(4)-H activation of o-carborane acids with phenyliodonium dicarboxylates was developed, and a series of B(4)-H monoacyloxylated o-carboranes decorated with active groups were synthesized with moderate to good yields as well as excellent selectivity. In addition, a direct B(4,5)-H diacetoxylation from o-carborane acids with phenyliodonium diacetate was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongcheol Ham
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seohyun Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Hoon Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Han
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Uk Han
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanyoung Maeng
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Chan Noh
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsup Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanjoong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Phil Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Fused 1,2-Diboraoxazoles Based on closo-Decaborate Anion-Novel Members of Diboroheterocycle Class. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26010248. [PMID: 33466558 PMCID: PMC7796516 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel members of the 1,2-diboraoxazoles family have been obtained. In the present work, we have carried out the intramolecular ring-closure reaction of borylated iminols of general type [B10H9N=C(OH)R]− (R = Me, Et, nPr, iPr, tBu, Ph, 4-Cl-Ph). This process is conducted in mild conditions with 83–87% yields. The solid-state structures of two salts of 1,2-diboraoxazoles were additionally investigated by X-ray crystallography. In addition, the phenomena of bonding interactions in the 1,2-diboraoxazole cycles have been theoretically studied by the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules analysis. Several local and integral topological properties of the electron density involved in these interactions have been computed.
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Gong K, Zhang H, Lan Y, Wei D. Theoretical study of the NHC-catalyzed C–S bond cleavage and reconstruction reaction: mechanism, stereoselectivity, and role of catalysts. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00706h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of the NHC-catalyzed C–S bond activation reaction has been theoretically studied and ELF analysis along with IRC results shows that the NHC promotes the cleavage of the C–S bond via an SN2 process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Kaili Gong
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Yu Lan
- College of Chemistry (Center of Green Catalysis), Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry (Center of Green Catalysis), Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P. R. China
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