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Li JL, Li HY, Zhang SS, Shen S, Yang XL, Niu X. Photoredox/Cobalt-Catalyzed Cascade Oxidative Synthesis of 2,5-Disubstituted 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles under Oxidant-Free Conditions. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14874-14886. [PMID: 37862710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
An efficient oxidant-free, photoredox-mediated cascade cyclization strategy for the synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles by using an organo acridinium photocatalyst and a cobaloxime catalyst has been developed. Various acylhydrazones have been transformed into the corresponding 1,3,4-oxadiazole products in up to 96% yield, and H2 is the only byproduct. Mechanistic experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculation studies indicate carbon-centered radicals rather than oxygen-centered radicals as π-radicals produced by the oxidation of photoexcited Mes-Acr+* along with deprotonation, which is responsible for this transformation. The practical utility of this method is highlighted by the one-pot gram-scale synthesis starting directly from commercially available aldehydes and acylhydrazides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province and College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province and College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province and College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Shigang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province and College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Long Yang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province and College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Niu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province and College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Chemistry Affiliated College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
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Preetham R, Vijaya Kumar MS, Swaroop TR, Kiran KR, Sukrutha KP, Sadashiva MP. A novel and effective method for the synthesis 1,3,4-oxadiazoles from carbimidothioates and benzohydrazides: An unexpected cyclization. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2023.2187306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Preetham
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
- Department of Chemistry, Malnad College of Engineering, Hassan, Karnataka, India
| | - Malahalli S. Vijaya Kumar
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, JSS Science and Technology University, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Kuppalli R. Kiran
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Kodipura P. Sukrutha
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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Devi S, Jyoti, Kiran, Wadhwa D, Sindhu J. Electro-organic synthesis: an environmentally benign alternative for heterocycle synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5163-5229. [PMID: 35730661 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00572g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds are considered to be one of the most established structural classes due to their extensive application in agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals and organic materials. Over the past few years, the development of heterocyclic compounds has gone through a considerable renaissance from conventional traditional methodologies to non-conventional electro-organic synthesis. Replacing metal catalysts, strong oxidants and multi-step methodologies with metal and strong oxidant-free single-step protocols has revolutionized the field of sustainable organic synthesis. Electro-organic synthesis has evolved as a scalable and sustainable approach in different synthetic protocols in an environment-benign manner. The current review outlines the recent developments in C-C, C-N, C-S and C-O/Se bond formation for heterocycle synthesis using electrochemical methods. Different synthetic strategies and their detailed mechanistic description are presented to enlighten the future applications of electrochemistry in heterocycle synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Devi
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal university, Bhiwani-127021, India.
| | - Jyoti
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal university, Bhiwani-127021, India.
| | - Kiran
- Department of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCSHAU, Hisar-125004, India.
| | - Deepak Wadhwa
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal university, Bhiwani-127021, India.
| | - Jayant Sindhu
- Department of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCSHAU, Hisar-125004, India.
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Sharma D, Om H, Sharma AK. Potential Synthetic Routes and Metal-Ion Sensing Applications of 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles: An Integrative Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 54:416-436. [PMID: 35617470 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2080494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxadiazoles, especially 1,3,4-oxadiazole scaffolds, stand among the foremost heterocyclic fragments with a broad spectrum of applications in diverse fields, including pharmacology, polymers, material science, and organic electronics, among others. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the pivotal synthetic strategies for 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives including dehydrogenative cyclization of 1,2-diacylhydrazines, oxidative cyclization of acylhydrazones, condensation cyclization, C-H activation of oxadiazole ring, decarboxylative cyclization and oxidative annulation along with plausible mechanisms. The set of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles selected from the literature and discussed herein epitomize the ease of synthesis as well as the possibility of linking π-conjugated groups; thereby encouraging the use of these molecules as important starting building blocks for a wide variety of fluorescent frameworks, particularly in the development of potential chemosensors. High photoluminescent quantum yield, excellent thermal and chemical stability, and the presence of potential coordination (N and O donor atoms) sites make these molecules a prominent choice for metal-ions sensors. An overview of selective metal-ion sensing, the detection limit along with the sensing mechanisms (photo-induced electron transfer, excited-state intramolecular proton transfer, and complex formation) is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Sonipat, India
| | - Hari Om
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Sonipat, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Sonipat, India
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Feng J, Wang Q, Duan R, Li H, Zheng K, Wang X, Xie G. A facile electrosynthesis of N-acyl benzotriazoles from aldehydes and benzotriazole. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Zhao L, Xu J, Ma J, Yin G, Li F, Suo T, Wang C. Formal [4+1] cyclization of (thio/imido)hydrazides and ethyl 3,3,3-trifluoropropanoate: unified synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, 1,3,4-thiadiazoles and 1,2,4-triazoles. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj04147b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a unified approach to 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, 1,3,4-thiadiazoles and 1,2,4-triazoles with ethyl acetate decoration by treating hydrazides, thiohydrazides and imidohydrazide with ethyl 3,3,3-trifluoropropanoate in the presence of a suitable base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Guangwei Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Fangyi Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Tongchuan Suo
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, P. R. China
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