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Zhu H, Zhang D, Sun X, Qian S, Feng E, Sheng X. Intramolecular charge transfer enhanced optical limiting in novel hydrazone derivatives with a D 1-D-A i-π-A structure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:12150-12161. [PMID: 38587789 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00475b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The present paper investigates one of the hydrazone derivatives (BTH with a D-π-A structure) based on density functional theory. With the computation results of ground state absorption (GSA), excited-state absorption (ESA) and multi-photon absorption (MPA), the optical limiting effect observed in the experiment for the BTH molecule can be well predicted and elucidated by the MPA-ESA mechanism. The analysis of the hole-electron and the electron density differences between two transition states reveal that the main transitions involved in the GSA and ESA of BTH could be recognized as local excitation. Based on these observations, four novel hydrazone derivatives based on the BTH unit with a D1-D-Ai-π-A structure were designed to promote intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). It shows that the ICT effect is well improved by adding the D1 and Ai units. Compared with the original BTH molecule, the main bands of GSA and ESA of D1-D-Ai-π-A molecules are both red-shifted. In addition, GSA, ESA and MPA probabilities are all improved because the obvious charge transfer character results in the transition dipole moment change from localized to delocalized. Accordingly, the optical limiting effect in these hydrazone derivatives is well enhanced. These observations provide guidance for designing novel optical limiting materials based on the hydrazone derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Control and Applications of Optoelectronic Information Materials, Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Anhui, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Danyang Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Control and Applications of Optoelectronic Information Materials, Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Anhui, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Xianghao Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Control and Applications of Optoelectronic Information Materials, Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Anhui, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Shifeng Qian
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Control and Applications of Optoelectronic Information Materials, Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Anhui, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Eryin Feng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Control and Applications of Optoelectronic Information Materials, Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Anhui, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Xiaowei Sheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Control and Applications of Optoelectronic Information Materials, Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Anhui, Wuhu 241000, China.
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Gergely LP, Yüceel Ç, İşci Ü, Spadin FS, Schneider L, Spingler B, Frenz M, Dumoulin F, Vermathen M. Comparing PVP and Polymeric Micellar Formulations of a PEGylated Photosensitizing Phthalocyanine by NMR and Optical Techniques. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4165-4183. [PMID: 37493236 PMCID: PMC10410667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Phthalocyanines are ideal candidates as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer due to their favorable chemical and photophysical properties. However, their tendency to form aggregates in water reduces PDT efficacy and poses challenges in obtaining efficient forms of phthalocyanines for therapeutic applications. In the current work, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and micellar formulations were compared for encapsulating and monomerizing a water-soluble zinc phthalocyanine bearing four non-peripheral triethylene glycol chains (Pc1). 1H NMR spectroscopy combined with UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that Pc1 exists as a mixture of regioisomers in monomeric form in dimethyl sulfoxide but forms dimers in an aqueous buffer. PVP, polyethylene glycol castor oil (Kolliphor RH40), and three different triblock copolymers with varying proportions of polyethylene and polypropylene glycol units (termed P188, P84, and F127) were tested as micellar carriers for Pc1. 1H NMR chemical shift analysis, diffusion-ordered spectroscopy, and 2D nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy was applied to monitor the encapsulation and localization of Pc1 at the polymer interface. Kolliphor RH40 and F127 micelles exhibited the highest affinity for encapsulating Pc1 in the micellar core and resulted in intense Pc1 fluorescence emission as well as efficient singlet oxygen formation along with PVP. Among the triblock copolymers, efficiency in binding and dimer dissolution decreased in the order F127 > P84 > P188. PVP was a strong binder for Pc1. However, Pc1 molecules are rather surface-attached and exist as monomer and dimer mixtures. The results demonstrate that NMR combined with optical spectroscopy offer powerful tools to assess parameters like drug binding, localization sites, and dynamic properties that play key roles in achieving high host-guest compatibility. With the corresponding adjustments, polymeric micelles can offer simple and easily accessible drug delivery systems optimizing phthalocyanines' properties as efficient photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea P. Gergely
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Çiğdem Yüceel
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Gebze Technical
University, Gebze 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ümit İşci
- Department
of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
- Marmara
University, Faculty of Technology, Department
of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | | | - Lukas Schneider
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Martin Frenz
- Institute
of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Dumoulin
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Department, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Ataşehir, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - Martina Vermathen
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
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Zhang D, Zhu H, Sheng X. Ultrafast optical limiting ability of trans-stilbene enhanced and broadened by a donor-π-acceptor structure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:7508-7518. [PMID: 36853650 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05659c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that trans-stilbene (TSB) has great potential as an ultrafast optical limiting material through the process of three-photon absorption (3PA)-induced excited state absorption (ESA). The present paper shows that the main transitions in the absorption bands of TSB are mostly local excitation. In order to improve the optical limiting performance of TSB, a series of TSB derivatives with an electron donor-π-acceptor structure are designed. The analysis of π electron localized orbital locators (LOL-π) reveals that the distribution of π electrons in the derivatives of TSB is much more continuous compared to that in the original TSB. This results in the main transitions in the ground state absorption (GSA) and ESA of the TSB derivatives showing obvious charge transfer characteristics, and the GSA, ESA and 3PA bands are largely enhanced and broadened compared to those of the original TSB molecule. These observations are well supported by the enlarged transition dipole moments of the main transitions in GSA and ESA. With these results, it is clearly shown that the TSB derivatives are promising optical limiting materials. Our observations provide clues for the development of optical limiting materials based on TSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Anhui, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Hongjuan Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Anhui, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Xiaowei Sheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Anhui, Wuhu 241000, China.
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Han R, Mattiat J, Luber S. Automatic purpose-driven basis set truncation for time-dependent Hartree-Fock and density-functional theory. Nat Commun 2023; 14:106. [PMID: 36609507 PMCID: PMC9822955 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35694-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Real-time time-dependent density-functional theory (RT-TDDFT) and linear response time-dependent density-functional theory (LR-TDDFT) are two important approaches to simulate electronic spectra. However, the basis sets used in such calculations are usually the ones designed mainly for electronic ground state calculations. In this work, we propose a systematic and robust scheme to truncate the atomic orbital (AO) basis set employed in TDDFT and TD Hartree-Fock (TDHF) calculations. The truncated bases are tested for both LR- and RT-TDDFT as well as RT-TDHF approaches, and provide an acceleration up to an order of magnitude while the shifts of excitation energies of interest are generally within 0.2 eV. The procedure only requires one extra RT calculation with 1% of the total propagation time and a simple modification on basis set file, which allows an instant application in any quantum chemistry package supporting RT-/LR-TDDFT calculations. Aside from the reduced computational effort, this approach also offers valuable insight into the effect of different basis functions on computed electronic excitations and further ideas on the design of basis sets for special purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruocheng Han
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johann Mattiat
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Luber
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Zhang D, Zhu H, Wang C, Kang SY, Zhou Y, Sheng X. Three-Photon-Induced Singlet Excited-State Absorption for the Tunable Ultrafast Optical-Limiting in Distyrylbenzene: A First-Principles Study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:16852-16861. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01753a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ground and first singlet excited state absorption in distyrylbenzene(DSB) are simulated based on the linear-response time dependent density functional theory(LR-TDDFT). It is found that distyrylbenzene shows strong reverse saturable...
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Linear and quadratic response TDDFT methods for the excited-state absorption in oligofluorenes. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.139150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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