A concise and sequential synthesis of the nitroimidazooxazole based drug, Delamanid and related compounds

A recent update on new synthetic chiral compounds with antileishmanial activity

Parasitic diseases, including malaria, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis, affect billions of people and are responsible for almost 500,000 deaths/year. In particular, leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease, is considered a global public health problem because current drugs have several drawbacks including to toxicity, high cost, and drug resistance, which result in a lack of effective and readily available therapies. Therefore, the synthesis of new, safe, and effective molecules still requires the attention of the scientific community. Moreover, it is well known that chirality plays a crucial role in the antiparasitic activity of molecules, driving the design of their synthesis. Therefore, in this review we report a recent update on new chiral compounds with promising antileishmanial activity, focusing on synthetic approaches. Where reported, in most cases the enantiopure compound has shown better potency against the protozoa than its enantiomer or corresponding racemic mixture.

Recent Progress in the Synthesis of Drugs and Bioactive Molecules Incorporating Nitro(het)arene Core

Aromatic nitro compounds play a unique role in the synthesis of drugs and pharmaceutically oriented molecules. This field of organic chemistry continues to be in demand and relevant. A significant number of papers are published annually on new general methods for the synthesis of nitrodrugs and related biomolecules. This review is an analysis of the literature on methods for the synthesis of both new and already-known aromatic and heteroaromatic nitrodrugs covering the period from 2010 to the present.

Functionalized Nitroimidazole Scaffold Construction and Their Pharmaceutical Applications: A 1950–2021 Comprehensive Overview

Nitroimidazole represents one of the most essential and unique scaffolds in drug discovery since its discovery in the 1950s. It was K. Maeda in Japan who reported in 1953 the first nitroimidazole as a natural product from Nocardia mesenterica with antibacterial activity, which was later identified as Azomycin 1 (2-nitroimidazole) and remained in focus until now. This natural antibiotic was the starting point for synthesizing numerous analogs and regio-isomers, leading to several life-saving drugs and clinical candidates against a number of diseases, including infections (bacterial, viral, parasitic) and cancers, as well as imaging agents in medicine/diagnosis. In the present decade, the nitroimidazole scaffold has again been given two life-saving drugs (Delamanid and Pretomanid) used to treat MDR (multi-drug resistant) tuberculosis. Keeping in view the highly successful track-record of the nitroimidazole scaffold in providing breakthrough therapeutic drugs, this comprehensive review focuses explicitly on presenting the activity profile and synthetic chemistry of functionalized nitroimidazole (2-, 4- and 5-nitroimidazoles as well as the fused nitroimidazoles) based drugs and leads published from 1950 to 2021. The present review also presents the miscellaneous examples in each class. In addition, the mutagenic profile of nitroimidazole-based drugs and leads and derivatives is also discussed.

Metal-Free Direct Trifluoromethylthiolation of Aromatic Compounds Using Triptycenyl Sulfide Catalyst

Herein we report an efficient synthetic method for the electrophilic trifluoromethylthiolation of aromatic compounds. The key is to use triptycenyl sulfide (Trip-SMe) and TfOH to enhance the electrophilicity of SCF₃ fragment through the formation of sulfonium intermediates. This method enables direct installation of an SCF₃ group onto unactivated aromatics at room temperature, adopting a commercially available saccharin-based reagent. Preliminary DFT calculation was carried out to investigate the substitution effect on the catalytic activity.