1
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Bermúdez Prieto E, González López EJ, Solis CA, Leon Jaramillo JC, Macor LP, Domínguez RE, Palacios YB, Bongiovanni Abel S, Durantini EN, Otero LA, Gervaldo MA, Heredia DA. An ambipolar PEDOT-perfluorinated porphyrin electropolymer: application as an active material in energy storage systems. RSC Adv 2024; 14:15929-15941. [PMID: 38756855 PMCID: PMC11098003 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00945b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of functional organic materials is crucial for the advancement of various fields, such as optoelectronics, energy storage, sensing, and biomedicine. In this context, we successfully prepared a stable ambipolar perfluoroporphyrin-based polymeric film by electrochemical synthesis. Our strategy involved the synthesis of a novel tetra-pentafluorophenyl porphyrin covalently linked to four 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) moieties. The resulting monomer, EDOT-TPPF16, was obtained through a straightforward synthetic approach with a good overall yield. The unique molecular structure of EDOT-TPPF16 serves a dual function, with EDOT moieties allowing electropolymerization for polymeric film formation, while the electron-acceptor porphyrin core enables electrochemical reduction and electron transport. The electrochemical polymerization permits the polymer (PEDOT-TPPF16) synthesis and film formation in a reproducible and controllable manner in one step at room temperature. Spectroelectrochemical experiments confirmed that the porphyrin retained its optoelectronic properties within the polymeric matrix after the electrochemical polymerization. The obtained polymeric material exhibited stable redox capabilities. Current charge-discharge cycles and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of the electrochemically generated organic film demonstrated that the polymer could be applied as a promising active material in the development of supercapacitor energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Bermúdez Prieto
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina +54 358 76233 +54 358 4676538
| | - Edwin J González López
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
| | - Claudia A Solis
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina +54 358 76233 +54 358 4676538
| | - Jhair C Leon Jaramillo
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina +54 358 76233 +54 358 4676538
| | - Lorena P Macor
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina +54 358 76233 +54 358 4676538
| | - Rodrigo E Domínguez
- INFIQC-CONICET, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba X5000HUA Argentina
| | - Yohana B Palacios
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
| | - Silvestre Bongiovanni Abel
- INTEMA-CONICET, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata B7606WV Mar del Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
| | - Luis A Otero
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina +54 358 76233 +54 358 4676538
| | - Miguel A Gervaldo
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina +54 358 76233 +54 358 4676538
| | - Daniel A Heredia
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
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2
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Mai S, Zhang W, Mu X, Cao J. Structural Decoration of Porphyrin/Phthalocyanine Photovoltaic Materials. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400217. [PMID: 38494448 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Porphyrin/phthalocyanine compounds with fascinating molecular structures have attracted widespread attention in the field of solar cells in recent years. In this review, we focus on the pivotal role of porphyrin and phthalocyanine compounds in enhancing the efficiency of solar cells. The review seamlessly integrates the intricate molecular structures of porphyrins and phthalocyanines with their proficiency in absorbing visible light and facilitating electron transfer, key processes in converting sunlight into electricity. By delving into the nuances of intramolecular regulation, aggregated states, and surface/interface structure manipulation, it elucidates how various levels of molecular modifications enhance solar cell efficiency through improved charge transfer, stability, and overall performance. This comprehensive exploration provides a detailed understanding of the complex relationship between molecular design and solar cell performance, discussing current advancements and potential future applications of these molecules in solar energy technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibei Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Weilun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xijiao Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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3
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Ben Brahim N, Touaiti S, Sellés J, Lambry JC, Negrerie M. The control of nitric oxide dynamics and interaction with substituted zinc-phthalocyanines. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:772-780. [PMID: 38086651 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03356b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Phthalocyanines are artificial macrocycles that can harbour a central metal atom with four symmetric coordinations. Similar to metal-porphyrins, metal-phthalocyanines (M-PCs) may bind small molecules, especially diatomic gases such as NO and O2. Furthermore, various chemical chains can be grafted at the periphery of the M-PC macrocycle, which can change its properties, including the interaction with diatomic gases. In this study, we synthesized Zn-PCs with two different substituents and investigated their effects on the interaction and dynamics of nitric oxide (NO). Time-resolved absorption spectroscopy from picosecond to millisecond revealed that NO dynamics dramatically depends on the nature of the groups grafted to the Zn-PC macrocycle. These experimental results were rationalized by DFT calculations, which demonstrate that electrostatic interactions between NO and the quinoleinoxy substituent modify the potential energy surface and decrease the energy barrier for NO recombination, thus controlling its affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassim Ben Brahim
- Laboratoire des Interfaces et Matériaux Avancés, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Bd. de l'Environnement, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sarra Touaiti
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Institut Supérieur de l'Education et de la Formation Continue, 2000 Bardo, Tunisia
| | - Julien Sellés
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Chloroplaste et Perception de la Lumière chez les Micro-Algues, UMR 7141 CNRS-Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Lambry
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, INSERM U-1182, CNRS UMR-7645, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France.
| | - Michel Negrerie
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, INSERM U-1182, CNRS UMR-7645, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France.
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4
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Reis MJA, Nogueira AT, Eulálio A, Moura NMM, Rodrigues J, Ivanou D, Abreu PE, Correia MRP, Neves MGPMS, Pereira AMVM, Mendes A. C-N linked donor type porphyrin derivatives: unrevealed hole-transporting materials for efficient hybrid perovskite solar cells. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:14762-14773. [PMID: 37548588 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00512g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
A new series of Zn(II) and Cu(II)-based porphyrin complexes 5a and 5b doubly functionalised with carbazole units were developed to be used as hole-transporting materials (HTMs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). These complexes were obtained via a nucleophilic substitution reaction mediated by PhI(OAc)2/NaAuCl4·2H2O, or using C-N transition metal-assisted coupling. The hole extraction capability of 5a and 5b was assessed using cyclic voltammetry; this study confirmed the better alignment of the Zn(II) complex 5a with the perovskite valence band level, compared to the Cu(II) complex 5b. The optimised geometry and molecular orbitals of both complexes also corroborate the higher potential of 5a as a HTM. Photoluminescence characterisation showed that the presence of 5a and 5b as HTMs on the perovskite surface resulted in the quenching of the emission, matching the hole transfer phenomenon. The photovoltaic performance was evaluated and compared with those of reference cells made with the standard HTM spiro-OMeTAD. The optimised 5-based devices showed improvements in all photovoltaic characteristics; their open circuit voltage (Voc) reached close to 1 V and short-circuit current density (Jsc) values were 13.79 and 9.14 mA cm-2 for 5a and 5b, respectively, disclosing the effect of the metallic centre. A maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.01% was attained for 5a, which is 65% of the PCE generated by using the spiro-OMeTAD reference. This study demonstrates that C-N linked donor-type porphyrin derivatives are promising novel HTMs for developing efficient and reproducible PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melani J A Reis
- LAQV-Requimte and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3010-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ana T Nogueira
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Eulálio
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno M M Moura
- LAQV-Requimte and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3010-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Joana Rodrigues
- i3N, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Dzmitry Ivanou
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo E Abreu
- University of Coimbra, Centro de Química de Coimbra, Department of Chemistry, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal
| | | | - Maria G P M S Neves
- LAQV-Requimte and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3010-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ana M V M Pereira
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adélio Mendes
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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5
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Xie M, Liu J, Dai L, Peng H, Xie Y. Advances and prospects of porphyrin derivatives in the energy field. RSC Adv 2023; 13:24699-24730. [PMID: 37601600 PMCID: PMC10436694 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04345b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, porphyrin is developing rapidly in the fields of medicine, energy, catalysts, etc. More and more reports on its application are being published. This paper mainly takes the ingenious utilization of porphyrin derivatives in perovskite solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, and lithium batteries as the background to review the design idea of functional materials based on the porphyrin structural unit in the energy sector. In addition, the modification and improvement strategies of porphyrin are presented by visually showing the molecular structures or the design synthesis routes of its functional materials. Finally, we provide some insights into the development of novel energy storage materials based on porphyrin frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfa Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Jinyuan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Lianghong Dai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Hongjian Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Youqing Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
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6
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ATEŞ ÖD, TUNÇ G, ŞENOCAK A, DEDEOĞLU B, Ayhan MM, Gürek AG. The chemical and electrochemical stimuli viologen substituted phthalocyanine with tunable optical features1. Turk J Chem 2023; 47:1149-1159. [PMID: 38173739 PMCID: PMC10760869 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0527.3601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, viologen-tetrasubstituted Zn(II) phthalocyanines (PcV1 and PcV2) were designed and synthesized to achieve the tunable optical features via redox-active viologen groups. Several parameters relevant to the evaluation of the tunable optical features have been investigated: UV-Vis, cyclic voltammetry (CV), EPR, square wave voltammetry (SWV), and theoretical analyses. The results showed that upon reductions and oxidations of viologen groups either chemically or electrochemically, the optical features of PcV1 and PcV2 change drastically with switchable processes. These outcomes indicate that achieving control over optical features of large organic chromophores such as Pc with our rational design can be used for the design of new complex organic electronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ayşe Gül Gürek
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli,
Turkiye
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7
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Mohammad Ghadiri A, Farhang M, Hassani P, Salek A, Talesh Ramezani A, Reza Akbarzadeh A. Recent advancements review Suzuki and Heck reactions catalyzed by metalloporphyrins. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.110359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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8
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Oleiki E, Javaid S, Lee G. Impact of fluorination on the energy level alignment of an F n ZnPc/MAPbI 3 interface. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:5070-5076. [PMID: 36504749 PMCID: PMC9680936 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00582d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We have studied interactions at an interface between a Methylammonium Lead Iodide (MAPbI3) surface and zinc-phthalocyanine molecules with F substituting peripheral H (F n ZnPc; n = 4, 8, 12, and 16) by employing hybrid density functional theory (DFT) based simulations. These calculations show that F n ZnPc molecules form a stable interface with MAPbI3, whose binding strength is comparable to that of the un-substituted (ZnPc) case. As a consequence of fluorination, an increase in the ionization potential/electron affinity (i.e., a systematic lowering of molecular energy levels), as well as interfacial charge transfer, is observed whose magnitude depends upon the degree of fluorination. In contrast to the common belief of unfavorable hole transfer for excessive fluorination, our work unveils that the valence band offset remains favorable for all ranges of substitution (n); thus, hole transfer from MAPbI3 to F n ZnPc is facilitated while the electron transfer process is suppressed. This unusual behavior originates from the intermolecular interaction and substrate-to-molecule electron transfer at the heterojunction, which gradually suppresses the downward shift of F n ZnPc energy levels by increasing the value of n. Given the beneficial impacts of fluorination, such as hydrophobicity, our work provides valuable insight for exploiting stable F n ZnPc towards high-efficiency perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Oleiki
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Saqib Javaid
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
- MMSG, Theoretical Physics Division PINSTECH, P.O. Nilore Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Geunsik Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
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9
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Leonardus M, Rameez M, Aji BB, Wu W, Hung C. Panchromatic oxasmaragdyrin as dual functional
hole‐transporting
material in a
ll‐inorganic CsPbIBr
2
perovskite solar cells. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Leonardus
- Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology (SCST) Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
| | | | - Bramantyo Bayu Aji
- Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology (SCST) Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
- Research Center for Mining Technology National Research and Innovation Agency South Lampung Indonesia
| | - Wen‐Ti Wu
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
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10
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Wu S, Cao J. Perovskite modifiers with porphyrin/phthalocyanine complexes for efficient photovoltaics. J COORD CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2022.2079410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangtong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
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11
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Belen’kii LI, Gazieva GA, Evdokimenkova YB, Soboleva NO. The literature of heterocyclic chemistry, Part XX, 2020. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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12
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Shibu A, Middleton C, Kwiatkowski CO, Kaushal M, Gillen JH, Walter MG. Self-Assembly-Directed Exciton Diffusion in Solution-Processable Metalloporphyrin Thin Films. Molecules 2021; 27:35. [PMID: 35011266 PMCID: PMC8746414 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of excited-state energy diffusion has had an important impact in the development and optimization of organic electronics. For instance, optimizing excited-state energy migration in the photoactive layer in an organic solar cell device has been shown to yield efficient solar energy conversion. Despite the crucial role that energy migration plays in molecular electronic device physics, there is still a great deal to be explored to establish how molecular orientation impacts energy diffusion mechanisms. In this work, we have synthesized a new library of solution-processable, Zn (alkoxycarbonyl)phenylporphyrins containing butyl (ZnTCB4PP), hexyl (ZnTCH4PP), 2-ethylhexyl (ZnTCEH4PP), and octyl (ZnTCO4PP) alkoxycarbonyl groups. We establish that, by varying the length of the peripheral alkyl chains on the metalloporphyrin macrocycle, preferential orientation and molecular self-assembly is observed in solution-processed thin films. The resultant arrangement of molecules consequently affects the electronic and photophysical characteristics of the metalloporphyrin thin films. The various molecular arrangements in the porphyrin thin films and their resultant impact were determined using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence emission lifetimes, and X-ray diffraction in thin films. The films were doped with C60 quencher molecules and the change in fluorescence was measured to derive a relative quenching efficiency. Using emission decay, relative quenching efficiency, and dopant volume fraction as input, insights on exciton diffusion coefficient and exciton diffusion lengths were obtained from a Monte Carlo simulation. The octyl derivative (ZnTCO4PP) showed the strongest relative fluorescence quenching and, therefore, the highest exciton diffusion coefficient (5.29 × 10-3 cm2 s-1) and longest exciton diffusion length (~81 nm). The octyl derivative also showed the strongest out-of-plane stacking among the metalloporphyrins studied. This work demonstrates how molecular self-assembly can be used to modulate and direct exciton diffusion in solution-processable metalloporphyrin thin films engineered for optoelectronic and photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael G. Walter
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223-0001, USA; (A.S.); (C.M.); (C.O.K.); (M.K.); (J.H.G.)
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13
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Zheng XL, Lin HS, Zhang BW, Maruyama S, Matsuo Y. Synthesis of Conjugated Donor-Acceptor Antiaromatic Porphyrins and Their Application to Perovskite Solar Cells. J Org Chem 2021; 87:5457-5463. [PMID: 34931835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A conjugated donor-acceptor antiaromatic porphyrin, composed of an antiaromatic thieno-fused porphyrin structure and a diketopyrrolopyrrole mioety, was synthesized and applied in a perovskite solar cell for the first time. Enhanced light absorption in the device by the antiaromatic porphyrin resulted in a significantly increased power conversion efficiency of 19.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lin Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hao-Sheng Lin
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Bo-Wen Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.,Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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14
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Ullah S, Ogumi K, Zhen X, Wang H, Matsuo Y. Synthesis of 5,15- meso-bis(2-chlorothiophen-3-yl)porphyrin as a building block for further functional materials. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424621500590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction was performed to synthesize 5,15-meso-bis(2-chlorothiophen-3-yl)porphyrins in order to obtain a building block for further functional porphyrins. Photophysical and electrochemical properties were investigated to understand the effect of 2-chloro substituted thiophenes which are connected at their 3-position to the meso-position of the porphyrin. A computational calculation with counterpoise method was demonstrated to estimate the relative intermolecular interaction in order to compare solubility. Installed chloro atoms at the 2-position of thiophen-3-yl decreased in intermolecular interaction which caused an increase in solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safi Ullah
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Keisuke Ogumi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Industrial Technology Research Institute, 2-4-10 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Xuelin Zhen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yutaka Matsuo
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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15
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Javaid S, Lee G. The impact of molecular orientation on carrier transfer characteristics at a phthalocyanine and halide perovskite interface. RSC Adv 2021; 11:31776-31782. [PMID: 35496877 PMCID: PMC9041736 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05909b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the interface properties of metal phthalocyanine (MPc, M = Zn, Cu) molecules at a methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) surface using density functional theory (DFT) based simulations. From the adsorption energies, the face-on orientation is found to have an order of magnitude stronger binding energy than the edge-on orientation, where CuPc binds a little stronger than ZnPc with its closer interfacial distance. Our detailed analysis of interface electronic structure suggests that the edge-on configuration possesses a large energy barrier for the hole transfer from MAPbI3 to MPc molecules. In contrast, the face-on configuration has no such barrier, facilitating the hole transfer, while at the same time the desirable alignment of the conduction band suppresses the electron-hole recombination. Therefore, the face-on configuration is clearly found to be more suitable for the photovoltaic process, in line with the experimental reports. Our work emphasizes the impact of MPc orientation upon perovskite solar cell efficiency besides other factors such as Pc thin film's mobility and morphology, and provides insightful guidance to efficient and stable hole transport layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqib Javaid
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Center for Wave Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Korea
- MMSG, Theoretical Physics Division, PINSTECH P.O. Nilore Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Geunsik Lee
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Center for Wave Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Korea
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16
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Krzemien W, Rohlickova M, Machacek M, Novakova V, Piskorz J, Zimcik P. Tuning Photodynamic Properties of BODIPY Dyes, Porphyrins' Little Sisters. Molecules 2021; 26:4194. [PMID: 34299469 PMCID: PMC8305389 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The photodynamic properties of a series of non-halogenated, dibrominated and diiodinated BODIPYs with a phthalimido or amino end modification on the phenoxypentyl and phenoxyoctyl linker in the meso position were investigated. Halogen substitution substantially increased the singlet oxygen production based on the heavy atom effect. This increase was accompanied by a higher photodynamic activity against skin melanoma cancer cells SK-MEL-28, with the best compound reaching an EC50 = 0.052 ± 0.01 µM upon light activation. The dark toxicity (toxicity without light activation) of all studied dyes was not detected up to the solubility limit in cell culture medium (10 µM). All studied BODIPY derivatives were predominantly found in adiposomes (lipid droplets) with further lower signals colocalized in either endolysosomal vesicles or the endoplasmic reticulum. A detailed investigation of cell death indicated that the compounds act primarily through the induction of apoptosis. In conclusion, halogenation in the 2,6 position of BODIPY dyes is crucial for the efficient photodynamic activity of these photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Krzemien
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland;
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovskeho 1203, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.R.); (M.M.); (V.N.)
| | - Monika Rohlickova
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovskeho 1203, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.R.); (M.M.); (V.N.)
| | - Miloslav Machacek
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovskeho 1203, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.R.); (M.M.); (V.N.)
| | - Veronika Novakova
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovskeho 1203, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.R.); (M.M.); (V.N.)
| | - Jaroslaw Piskorz
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Petr Zimcik
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovskeho 1203, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.R.); (M.M.); (V.N.)
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Ariga K, Fakhrullin R. Nanoarchitectonics on living cells. RSC Adv 2021; 11:18898-18914. [PMID: 35478610 PMCID: PMC9033578 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03424c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review article, the recent examples of nanoarchitectonics on living cells are briefly explained. Not limited to conventional polymers, functional polymers, biomaterials, nanotubes, nanoparticles (conventional and magnetic ones), various inorganic substances, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and other advanced materials have been used as components for nanoarchitectonic decorations for living cells. Despite these artificial processes, the cells can remain active or remain in hibernation without being killed. In most cases, basic functions of the cells are preserved and their resistances against external assaults are much enhanced. The possibilities of nanoarchitectonics on living cells would be high, equal to functional modifications with conventional materials. Living cells can be regarded as highly functionalized objects and have indispensable contributions to future materials nanoarchitectonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- WPI Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Kashiwa Chiba 277-8561 Japan
| | - Rawil Fakhrullin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University Kreml uramı 18 Kazan 42000 Republic of Tatarstan Russian Federation
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Socol M, Preda N. Hybrid Nanocomposite Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1117. [PMID: 33925952 PMCID: PMC8145415 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Continuing growth in global energy consumption and the growing concerns regarding climate change and environmental pollution are the strongest drivers of renewable energy deployment. Solar energy is the most abundant and cleanest renewable energy source available. Nowadays, photovoltaic technologies can be regarded as viable pathways to provide sustainable energy generation, the achievement attained in designing nanomaterials with tunable properties and the progress made in the production processes having a major impact in their development. Solar cells involving hybrid nanocomposite layers have, lately, received extensive research attention due to the possibility to combine the advantages derived from the properties of both components: flexibility and processability from the organic part and stability and optoelectronics features from the inorganic part. Thus, this review provides a synopsis on hybrid solar cells developed in the last decade which involve composite layers deposited by spin-coating, the most used deposition method, and matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation, a relatively new deposition technique. The overview is focused on the hybrid nanocomposite films that can use conducting polymers and metal phthalocyanines as p-type materials, fullerene derivatives and non-fullerene compounds as n-type materials, and semiconductor nanostructures based on metal oxide, chalcogenides, and silicon. A survey regarding the influence of various factors on the hybrid solar cell efficiency is given in order to identify new strategies for enhancing the device performance in the upcoming years.
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Loukhina IV, Gradova MA, Khudyaeva IS, Lobanov АV, Belykh DV. Synthesis and Photocatalytic Properties of Magnesium Silicate Modified with Cationic Chlorin e6 Derivatives. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221040198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Schrage BR, Nemykin VN, Ziegler CJ. Subbiliazine: A Contracted Phthalocyanine Analog. Org Lett 2021; 23:1076-1080. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Briana R. Schrage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44312-3601, United States
| | - Victor N. Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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21
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Borges-Martínez M, Montenegro-Pohlhammer N, Cárdenas-Jirón G. The bimetallic and the anchoring group effects on both optical and charge transport properties of hexaphyrin amethyrin. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00091h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bimetallic Cu(ii)-hexaphyrin amethyrin proposed as a molecular switch operated by the application of an external magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlys Borges-Martínez
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH)
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Nicolás Montenegro-Pohlhammer
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH)
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Gloria Cárdenas-Jirón
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH)
- Santiago
- Chile
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