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Hu J, Dun G, Geng X, Chen J, Wu X, Ren TL. Recent progress in flexible micro-pressure sensors for wearable health monitoring. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:3131-3145. [PMID: 37325539 PMCID: PMC10262959 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00866a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, flexible micro-pressure sensors have been used widely in wearable health monitoring applications due to their excellent flexibility, stretchability, non-invasiveness, comfort wearing and real-time detection. According to the working mechanism of the flexible micro-pressure sensor, it can be classified as piezoresistive, piezoelectric, capacitive and triboelectric types. Herein, an overview of flexible micro-pressure sensors for wearable health monitoring is presented. The physiological signaling and body motions contain a lot of health status information. Thus, this review focuses on the applications of flexible micro-pressure sensors in these fields. Additionally, the contents of sensing mechanism, sensing materials and performance of flexible micro-pressure sensors are introduced in detail. Finally, we predict the future research directions of the flexible micro-pressure sensors, and discuss the challenges in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Hu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Guanhua Dun
- School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Xiangshun Geng
- School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Tian-Ling Ren
- School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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Kim CG, Lee S, Kim M, Cao VA, Kim SY, Nah J. Synergistic Enhancement of Filtering Efficiency and Antibacterial Performance of a Nanofiber Air Filter Decorated with Electropolarized Lithium-Doped ZnO Nanorods. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:20977-20986. [PMID: 37070411 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
According to clinical case reports, bacterial co-infection with COVID-19 can significantly increase mortality, with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) being one of the most common pathogens causing complications such as pneumonia. Thus, during the pandemic, research on imparting air filters with antibacterial properties was actively initiated, and several antibacterial agents were investigated. However, air filters with inorganic nanostructures on organic nanofibers (NFs) have not been investigated extensively. This study aimed to demonstrate the efficiency of electropolarized poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) NFs decorated with Li-doped ZnO nanorods (NRs) to improve the filtering ability and antibacterial activity of the ultrathin air filter. The surfactant was loaded onto the ZnO─known for its biocompatibility and low toxicity─nanoparticles (NPs) and transferred to the outer surface of the NFs, where Li-doped ZnO NRs were grown. The Li-doped ZnO NR-decorated NF effectively enhanced the physical filtration efficiency and antibacterial properties. Additionally, by exploiting the ferroelectric properties of Li-doped ZnO NRs and PVDF-TrFE NFs, the filter was electropolarized to increase its Coulombic interaction with PMs and S. aureus. As a result, the filter exhibited a 90% PM1.0 removal efficiency and a 99.5% sterilization rate against S. aureus. The method proposed in this study provides an effective route for simultaneously improving the air filter performance and antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Geun Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Sol Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Minje Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Viet Anh Cao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Soo Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Junghyo Nah
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Abdullah A, Kulkarni MA, Thaalbi H, Tariq F, Ryu SW. Epitaxial growth of 1D GaN-based heterostructures on various substrates for photonic and energy applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:1023-1042. [PMID: 36798492 PMCID: PMC9926888 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00711h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
GaN is an important III-V semiconductor for a variety of applications owing to its large direct band gap. GaN nanowires (NWs) have demonstrated significant potential as critical building blocks for nanoelectronics and nanophotonic devices, as well as integrated nanosystems. We present a comprehensive analysis of the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) as a general synthesis technique for NWs on a variety of substrates, the morphological and structural characterization, and applications of GaN NWs in piezoelectric nanogenerators, light-emitting diodes, and solar-driven water splitting. We begin by summarizing the overall VLS growth process of GaN NWs, followed by the growth of NWs on several substrates. Subsequently, we review the various uses of GaN NWs in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Abdullah
- Department of Physics, Chonnam National University Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Mandar A Kulkarni
- Department of Physics, Chonnam National University Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Hamza Thaalbi
- Department of Physics, Chonnam National University Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Fawad Tariq
- Department of Physics, Chonnam National University Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Wan Ryu
- Department of Physics, Chonnam National University Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea
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Chen P, Zhou Q, Chen G, Wang Y, Lv J. Numerical simulation and experimental research of electrospun polyacrylonitrile Taylor cone based on multiphysics coupling. E-POLYMERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2022-8106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In the electrospinning process, the Taylor cone, as the jet source, directly affects the jet movement and the quality of the fiber membrane. Therefore, to understand the formation mechanism of the Taylor cone intuitively, a multiphysics coupling model that comprehensively considers the gravitational field, electrostatic field, and fluid field is established, and numerical simulations are conducted in this study. First, we construct a level-set function and analyze the force of the droplet. The gravity, surface tension, and electric field force are coupled to the incompressible Navier–Stokes equation as volume forces, and the nonconservation of the droplet area is solved by approximating the Dirac function with a smooth function. Subsequently, the deformation of the electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Taylor cone under different process parameters is simulated. Finally, data obtained from the numerical simulation and the average diameter of the electrospun PAN fiber membrane are analyzed via gray relational analysis. The results show that the volume force is the key factor affecting the average diameter of the fiber membrane (the correlation is 0.934). This article provides an effective reference and basis for the analysis and control of the electrospinning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Donghua University , 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang , Shanghai 201620 , China
| | - Qihong Zhou
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Donghua University , 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang , Shanghai 201620 , China
- Donghua University, Engineering Research Center of Advanced Textile Machinery, Ministry of Education , Shanghai 201620 , China
| | - Ge Chen
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Donghua University , 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang , Shanghai 201620 , China
| | - Yuntao Wang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Donghua University , 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang , Shanghai 201620 , China
| | - Jinghu Lv
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Donghua University , 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang , Shanghai 201620 , China
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Yin J, Reddy VS, Chinnappan A, Ramakrishna S, Xu L. Electrospun Micro/Nanofiber with Various Structures and Functions for Wearable Physical Sensors. POLYM REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2022.2158467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vundrala Sumedha Reddy
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amutha Chinnappan
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lan Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Textile, Dyeing and Printing for Energy Conservation, Discharge Reduction and Cleaner Production (ERC), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Pan CT, Dutt K, Kumar A, Kumar R, Chuang CH, Lo YT, Wen ZH, Wang CS, Kuo SW. PVDF/AgNP/MXene composites-based near-field electrospun fiber with enhanced piezoelectric performance for self-powered wearable sensors. Int J Bioprint 2022; 9:647. [PMID: 36844238 PMCID: PMC9947487 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v9i1.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
336MXenes, as highly electronegative and conductive two-dimensional nanomaterials, are extensively studied for their use in sensors and flexible electronics. In this study, near-field electrospinning was used to prepare a new poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF)/Ag nanoparticle (AgNP)/MXene composite nanofiber film as a self-powered flexible human motion-sensing device. The composite film displayed highly piezoelectric properties with the presence of MXene. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the intercalated MXene in the composite nanofibers was evenly spread out, which not only prevented the aggregation of MXene but also enabled the composite materials to form self-reduced AgNPs. The prepared PVDF/AgNP/MXene fibers displayed exceptional stability and excellent output performance, enabling their use for energy harvesting and powering light-emitting diodes. The doping of MXene/AgNPs increased the electrical conductivity of the PVDF material, improved its piezoelectric properties, and enhanced the piezoelectric constant of PVDF piezoelectric fibers, thereby allowing the production of flexible, sustainable, wearable, and self-powered electrical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Tang Pan
- Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan,Institute of Advanced Semiconductor Packaging and Testing, College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Karishma Dutt
- Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Amit Kumar
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsin Chuang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Lo
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80284, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Shu Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80284, Taiwan, ROC,Corresponding author: Shiao-Wei Kuo ()
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Advanced Semiconductor Packaging and Testing, College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan,Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan,Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan,Corresponding author: Shiao-Wei Kuo ()
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Wang L, Zhu M, Shao Y, Zhao Y, Wei C, Gao L, Bao Y. Smart Sensing Multifunctionalities Based on Barium Strontium Titanate Thin Films. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:7183. [PMID: 36236285 PMCID: PMC9573459 DOI: 10.3390/s22197183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sensors that have low power consumption, high scalability and the ability of rapidly detecting multitudinous external stimulus are of great value in cyber-physical interactive applications. Herein, we reported the fabrication of ferroelectric barium strontium titanate ((Ba70Sr30)TiO3, BST) thin films on silicon substrates by magnetron sputtering. The as-grown BST films have a pure perovskite structure and exhibit excellent ferroelectric characteristics, such as a remnant polarization of 2.4 μC/cm2, a ferro-to-paraelectric (tetragonal-to-cubic) phase transition temperature of 31.2 °C, and a broad optical bandgap of 3.58 eV. Capacitor-based sensors made from the BST films have shown an outstanding average sensitivity of 0.10 mV·Pa-1 in the 10-80 kPa regime and work extremely steadily over 1000 cycles. More importantly, utilizing the Pockels effect, optical manipulation in BST can be also realized by a smaller bias and its electro-optic coefficient reff is estimated to be 83.5 pmV-1, which is 2.6 times larger than in the current standard material (LiNbO3) for electro-optical devices. Our work established BST thin film as a powerful design paradigm toward on-chip integrations with diverse electronics into sensors via CMOS-comparable technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghua Wang
- College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Minmin Zhu
- College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- FZU-Jinjiang Joint Institute of Microelectronics, Jinjiang Science and Education Park, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang 362200, China
| | - Yong Shao
- FZU-Jinjiang Joint Institute of Microelectronics, Jinjiang Science and Education Park, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang 362200, China
| | - Yida Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Can Wei
- College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Langfeng Gao
- FZU-Jinjiang Joint Institute of Microelectronics, Jinjiang Science and Education Park, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang 362200, China
| | - Yiping Bao
- Academy of Hi-Tech Research, Hunan Institute of Traffic Engineering, Hengyang 421099, China
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Kargar SM, Hao G. A Drifter-Based Self-Powered Piezoelectric Sensor for Ocean Wave Measurements. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22135050. [PMID: 35808544 PMCID: PMC9269729 DOI: 10.3390/s22135050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, piezoelectric materials have received remarkable attention in marine applications for energy harvesting from the ocean, which is a harsh environment with powerful and impactful waves and currents. However, to the best of the authors' knowledge, although there are various designs of piezoelectric energy harvesters for marine applications, piezoelectric materials have not been employed for sensory and measurement applications in marine environment. In the present research, a drifter-based piezoelectric sensor is proposed to measure ocean waves' height and period. To analyze the motion principle and the working performance of the proposed drifter-based piezoelectric sensor, a dynamic model was developed. The developed dynamic model investigated the system's response to an input of ocean waves and provides design insights into the geometrical and material parameters. Next, finite element analysis (FEA) simulations using the commercial software COMSOL-Multiphysics were carried out with the help of a coupled physics analysis of Solid Mechanics and Electrostatics Modules to achieve the output voltages. An experimental prototype was fabricated and tested to validate the results of the dynamic model and the FEA simulation. A slider-crank mechanism was used to mimic ocean waves throughout the experiment, and the results showed a close match between the proposed dynamic modeling, FEA simulations, and experimental testing. In the end, a short discussion is devoted to interpreting the output results, comparing the results of the simulations with those of the experimental testing, sensor's resolution, and the self-powering functionality of the proposed drifter-based piezoelectric sensor.
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Shukla SK. Century Impact of Macromolecules for Advances of Sensing Sciences. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2022. [PMCID: PMC8995417 DOI: 10.1007/s42250-022-00357-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Impact of macro molecular theory on the progress of sensing sciences and technology has been presented in the light of materials developments, advances in physical and chemical properties. The chronological advances in the properties of macromolecules have significantly improved the sensing performances towards gases, heavy metals, biomolecules, hydrocarbon, and energetic compounds in terms of unexplored sensing parameters, durability, and working lifetime. In this review article, efforts have been made to correlate the advances in structure and interactivity of macro-molecules with their sensing behavior and working performances. The significant findings on the macromolecules towards advancing the sensing sciences are highlighted with the suitable illustration and schemes to establish it as a potential “microanalytical technique” along with existing challenges.
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Gao X, Zhou F, Li M, Wang X, Chen S, Yu J. Flexible Stannum-Doped SrTiO 3 Nanofiber Membranes for Highly Sensitive and Reliable Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:52811-52821. [PMID: 34714633 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mechanically flexible ceramic fiber-based electronic skins are attractive materials ascribed to the features of monitoring signals of various physical parameters in a harsh environment, but the inherent brittleness of the ceramic fibers has limited their wide applications in emerging fields, such as fire-protecting clothing. Herein, a strategy to fabricate the flexible stannum(IV)-doped SrTiO3 (SSTO) nanofiber membranes by a facile sol-gel electrospinning method is reported. The calcination temperature and Sn4+ doping content play vital roles in regulating the crystalline and pore structures that are closely relevant to the flexibility and mechanical properties of the resultant SSTO nanofiber membranes. The as-prepared SSTO nanofiber membranes exhibited exceptional flexibility with an optimum tensile strength of 0.22 MPa, an elongation rate of 1.8%, and a Young's modulus of 13.3 MPa. Significantly, the flexible SSTO nanofiber-based piezoresistive sensors exhibited intriguing sensing performance toward pressure involving high sensitivity (2.24 kPa-1) in a low-pressure range (<400 Pa), fast response time (12 ms) and recovery time (32 ms), good durability (>1000 cycles), and excellent stability at different humidity levels and elevated temperatures. Furthermore, the sensor can also accurately monitor the signals of human motion such as finger bending, throat swallowing, and radial pulse. The fabrication of flexible ceramic nanofiber-based piezoresistive sensors would pave the way to fabricate wearable devices for fire-protecting clothing, personal healthcare, real-time human activity detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gao
- College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Xueqin Wang
- College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Shaojuan Chen
- College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
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Guo J, Nie M, Wang Q. A piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) tube featuring highly-sensitive and isotropic piezoelectric output for compression. RSC Adv 2020; 11:1182-1186. [PMID: 35423676 PMCID: PMC8693398 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09131f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Piezoelectric polymers have aroused tremendous attention in self-powered flexible wearable electronics. However, conventional plate-like piezoelectric devices demonstrated insufficient output power and monotonous piezoelectric energy harvesting performance only in one direction, failing to accommodate the complex multi-dimensional stress field. In this study, a poly(vinylidene fluoride) tube featuring all-directional piezoelectric energy harvesting performance with excellent rebound resilience was prepared via a fast industrial extrusion. Benefitting from the isotropic hollow tubular structure, the piezoelectric tube experienced large deformation at a small external load and thus exhibited a strong load-amplifying function to generate the optimized output power at multi-stresses from any direction, with sensitive piezoelectric performance, quick response and mechanical robustness. Finally, the practical potential as a robust energy harvester was evaluated by harvesting small energy from irregular human motions. This study provides a facile structure designing strategy for the preparation of functional piezoelectric devices for multi-directional mechanical energy harvesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China +86-28-85402465 +86-28-85405133
| | - Min Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China +86-28-85402465 +86-28-85405133
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China +86-28-85402465 +86-28-85405133
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