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Nene LC, Abrahamse H. Phthalocyanine-based probes in alleviating or evading tumour-hypoxia for enhanced photo- and/ sono-mediated therapeutic efficacies. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 46:104024. [PMID: 38401819 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
This review discusses the possible methods for improving therapeutic efficacies of phthalocyanine (Pcs) -based therapeutic probes in photo- and sono-dynamic therapies under hypoxic conditions. Herein, the structural design strategies including varying the central metal, position substituents and the effects of adjuvant used in supplementing the therapeutics activities of Pcs or formation of NPs are discussed for cancer therapies in hypoxic conditions. Different mechanisms induced for cell death influenced by the compositions of the Pcs-probes are discussed. The focus mainly highlights the oxygen (O2) -dependent mechanisms including methods of supplementing tumour microenvironment O2-concentrations to promote PDT or SDT therapies. Alternatively, O2-independent mechanisms mainly used to evade hypoxia by stimulating anticancer processes that don't require O2 to initiate cell death, such as the Fenton reaction or thermal ablation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindokuhle Cindy Nene
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
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Lazovskiy DA, Skvortsov IA, Novakova V, Stuzhin PA. Phosphorus(V) tetrapyrazinocorrolazines bearing axial aryloxy groups as pH-sensitive fluorophores and photosensitizers. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:5687-5698. [PMID: 35322831 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00307d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus(V) complexes of octaphenyltetrapyrazinocorrolazine bearing two aryloxy groups in the axial position, [TPyzCAP(OAr)2] (2a-c, Ar = phenyl (2a), 4-dimethylaminophenyl (2b), and 4-hydroxyphenyl (2c)), were prepared using a one-pot procedure by consecutive treatment of the dihydroxidophosphorus(V) derivative, [TPyzCAP(OH)2] (1), with SOCl2 and then with the corresponding phenol ArOH. Complex 2a containing axial PhO groups is fluorescent in all studied solvents (toluene, CH2Cl2, THF, and DMSO, ΦF ∼ 0.16-0.31) and is efficient to generate singlet oxygen (ΦΔ = 0.55 (THF), 0.68 (toluene)). The introduction of NMe2 and OH groups in the para-position of the axial ArO ligands strongly affects the fluorescence parameters and photosensitizing properties due to the appearance of the solvent-sensitive and pH-switchable effects of photoinduced electron transfer (PET). The PET effect of NMe2 groups completely quenches the excited state of 2b in all solvents, but it is switched-OFF upon their protonation, and in the presence of acid traces, the fluorescence of 2b becomes bright and singlet oxygen generation is strongly enhanced. The PET effect of the OH group is increased upon its deprotonation and in the presence of base 2c as well as 1 becomes non-fluorescent. Specific solvation in THF and DMSO increases the ionic character of the OH bonds, and the fluorescence and photosensitizing properties of 1 and 2c are strongly decreased in these solvents. According to the results of DFT calculations performed using the B3LYP functional with the cc-pVDZ basis set and cyclic voltammetric studies, the molecular orbitals localized on aryloxy ligands are destabilized upon the introduction of OH and especially NMe2 groups and their close position to the HOMO of corrolazine macrocycle (above HOMO in 2b and between HOMO and HOMO-1 in 2c) leads to the appearance of the PET effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy A Lazovskiy
- Research Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, RF-153000 Ivanovo, Russia.
| | - Ivan A Skvortsov
- Research Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, RF-153000 Ivanovo, Russia.
| | - Veronika Novakova
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel A Stuzhin
- Research Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, RF-153000 Ivanovo, Russia.
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Peng K, Zheng L, Zhou T, Zhang C, Li H. Light manipulation for fabrication of hydrogels and their biological applications. Acta Biomater 2022; 137:20-43. [PMID: 34637933 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of biocompatible materials with desired functions is essential for tissue engineering and biomedical applications. Hydrogels prepared from these materials represent an important class of soft matter for mimicking extracellular environments. In particular, dynamic hydrogels with responsiveness to environments are quite appealing because they can match the dynamics of biological processes. Among the external stimuli that can trigger responsive hydrogels, light is considered as a clean stimulus with high spatiotemporal resolution, complete bioorthogonality, and fine tunability regarding its wavelength and intensity. Therefore, photoresponsiveness has been broadly encoded in hydrogels for biological applications. Moreover, light can be used to initiate gelation during the fabrication of biocompatible hydrogels. Here, we present a critical review of light manipulation tools for the fabrication of hydrogels and for the regulation of physicochemical properties and functions of photoresponsive hydrogels. The materials, photo-initiated chemical reactions, and new prospects for light-induced gelation are introduced in the former part, while mechanisms to render hydrogels photoresponsive and their biological applications are discussed in the latter part. Subsequently, the challenges and potential research directions in this area are discussed, followed by a brief conclusion. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Hydrogels play a vital role in the field of biomaterials owing to their water retention ability and biocompatibility. However, static hydrogels cannot meet the dynamic requirements of the biomedical field. As a stimulus with high spatiotemporal resolution, light is an ideal tool for both the fabrication and operation of hydrogels. In this review, light-induced hydrogelation and photoresponsive hydrogels are discussed in detail, and new prospects and emerging biological applications are described. To inspire more research studies in this promising area, the challenges and possible solutions are also presented.
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Kolomeychuk FM, Safonova EA, Polovkova MA, Sinelshchikova AA, Martynov AG, Shokurov AV, Kirakosyan GA, Efimov NN, Tsivadze AY, Gorbunova YG. Switchable Aromaticity of Phthalocyanine via Reversible Nucleophilic Aromatic Addition to an Electron-Deficient Phosphorus(V) Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14053-14058. [PMID: 34423977 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Reversible nucleophilic addition to a phthalocyanine core was observed for the first time for the electron-deficient cationic phosphorus(V) complex [PcP(OMe)2]+, whose reaction with KOH afforded a highly distorted nonaromatic adduct bearing an OH group at one of the α-pyrrolic carbon atoms. This adduct was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, ESI HRMS, and NMR, and UV-vis spectroscopy, together with quantum-chemical modeling. The acidic treatment of this adduct restored aromaticity and recovered the starting cationic complex. The reversible aromaticity breakage resulted in dramatic changes in the photophysical properties of the studied complex, which could pave the way to novel switchable Pc-based compounds and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipp M Kolomeychuk
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, bldg. 4, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Evgeniya A Safonova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, bldg. 4, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Marina A Polovkova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, bldg. 4, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Anna A Sinelshchikova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, bldg. 4, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Alexander G Martynov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, bldg. 4, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Alexander V Shokurov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, bldg. 4, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Gayane A Kirakosyan
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, bldg. 4, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Nikolay N Efimov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Aslan Yu Tsivadze
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, bldg. 4, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Yulia G Gorbunova
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, bldg. 4, Moscow 119071, Russia
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Xu C, Pu K. Second near-infrared photothermal materials for combinational nanotheranostics. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:1111-1137. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00664e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent development of second near-infrared photothermal combinational nanotheranostics for cancer, infectious diseases and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
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