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Raut S, Azheruddin M, Kumar R, Singh S, Giram PS, Datta D. Lecithin Organogel: A Promising Carrier for the Treatment of Skin Diseases. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:9865-9885. [PMID: 38463343 PMCID: PMC10918684 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ of the human body, as it protects the body from the external environment. Nowadays, skin diseases and skin problems are more common, and millions of people are affected daily. Skin diseases are due to numerous infectious pathogens or inflammatory conditions. The increasing demand for theoretical research and practical applications has led to the rising prominence of gel as a semisolid material. To this end, organogels has been widely explored due to their unique composition, which includes organic solvents and mineral or vegetable oils, among others. Organogels can be described as semisolid systems wherein an organic liquid phase is confined within a three-dimensional framework consisting of self-assembled, cross-linked, or entangled gelator fibers. These gels have the ability to undergo significant expansion and retain substantial amounts of the liquid phase, reaching up to 99% swelling capacity. Furthermore, they respond to a range of physical and chemical stimuli, including temperature, light, pH, and mechanical deformation. Notably, due to their distinctive properties, they have aroused significant interest in a variety of practical applications. Organogels favor the significant encapsulation and enhanced permeation of hydrophobic molecules when compared with hydrogels. Accordingly, organogels are characterized into lecithin organogels, pluronic lecithin organogels, sorbitan monostearate-based organogels, and eudragit organogels, among others, based on the nature of their network and the solvent system. Lecithin organogels contain lecithin (natural and safe as a living cell component) as an organogelator. It acts as a good penetration enhancer. In this review, first we have summarized the fundamental concepts related to the elemental structure of organogels, including their various forms, distinctive features, methods of manufacture, and diverse applications. Nonetheless, this review also sheds light on the delivery of therapeutic molecules entrapped in the lecithin organogel system into deep tissue for the management of skin diseases and provides a synopsis of their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Raut
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Dr. DY Patil Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra 411018, India
| | - Mohammed Azheruddin
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Dr. DY Patil Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra 411018, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Lloyd
Institute of Management and Technology, Plot No. 11, Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
| | - Shivani Singh
- Lloyd
Institute of Management and Technology, Plot No. 11, Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
| | - Prabhanjan S. Giram
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Dr. DY Patil Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra 411018, India
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at
Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Deepanjan Datta
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
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Yadav A, Jhawat V, Singh RP, Chauhan S, Dutt R, Goyal R, Singh D. Technical Considerations, Applications, and Benefits of Organogels in Topical Drug Delivery Systems. RECENT ADVANCES IN DRUG DELIVERY AND FORMULATION 2024; 18:12-20. [PMID: 38385494 DOI: 10.2174/0126673878277455240214110033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Organogels represent semi-solid systems where an organic liquid phase is entrapped within a three-dimensional network formed by self-assembled, crosslinked, or entangled gelator fibers. These versatile materials find applications in a wide range of fields, including chemistry, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, biotechnology, and food technology. Notably, in pharmacology, they serve as valuable platforms for drug and vaccine delivery, facilitating the transport of active ingredients through various routes such as transdermal, oral, and parenteral. However, their previous utility as drug delivery systems was hindered by the toxicity associated with the organic solvents used. The pharmacokinetics of medications delivered via organogels are primarily influenced by the distinctive properties of these materials, specifically their "high permeability and poor aqueous solubility," which can impact the bioavailability of the drugs. Organogels can be employed topically or for the controlled release of medications through cutaneous administration and percutaneous absorption, expanding their scope of application beyond conventional drug delivery methods. Organogels hold significant promise as drug delivery vehicles due to their biocompatibility, non-irritating properties, and thermoremanent characteristics. They enable the formulation of diverse drug delivery systems by incorporating both hydrophilic and hydrophobic bioactive compounds within the gel matrix. This comprehensive review offers an overview of organogels, encompassing their nature, synthesis, characterization, and properties. Special attention is directed towards cutting-edge technologies employed in designing organogels as potential controlled delivery systems, with a focus on their emerging therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Medical and Allied Science, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Vikas Jhawat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Medical and Allied Science, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Rahul Pratap Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Medical and Allied Science, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Sunita Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Medical and Allied Science, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Rohit Dutt
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhi Memorial National College, Ambala Cantt, Haryana, India
| | - Rajesh Goyal
- Department of Chemistry, Haryana State Board of Technical Education, Haryana, India
| | - Deependra Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, University Institute of Pharmacy Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur, India
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Khalil S, Meyer MD, Alazmi A, Samani MHK, Huang PC, Barnes M, Marciel AB, Verduzco R. Enabling Solution Processable COFs through Suppression of Precipitation during Solvothermal Synthesis. ACS NANO 2022; 16:20964-20974. [PMID: 36413762 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline, nanoporous materials of interest for various applications, but current COF synthetic routes lead to insoluble aggregates which precludes processing for practical implementation. Here, we report a COF synthesis method that produces a stable, homogeneous suspension of crystalline COF nanoparticles that enables the preparation of COF monoliths, membranes, and films using conventional solution-processing techniques. Our approach involves the use of a polar solvent, diacid catalyst, and slow reagent mixing procedure at elevated temperatures which altogether enable access to crystalline COF nanoparticle suspension that does not aggregate or precipitate when kept at elevated temperatures. On cooling, the suspension undergoes a thermoreversible gelation transition to produce crystalline and highly porous COF materials. We further show that the modified synthesis approach is compatible with various COF chemistries, including both large- and small-pore imine COFs, hydrazone-linked COFs, and COFs with rhombic and hexagonal topologies, and in each case, we demonstrate that the final product has excellent crystallinity and porosity. The final materials contain both micro- and macropores, and the total porosity can be tuned through variation of sample annealing. Dynamic light scattering measurements reveal the presence of COF nanoparticles that grow with time at room temperature, transitioning from a homogeneous suspension to a gel. Finally, we prepare imine COF membranes and measure their rejection of polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers and oligomers, and these measurements exhibit size-dependent rejection and adsorption of PEG solutes. This work demonstrates a versatile processing strategy to create crystalline and porous COF materials using solution-processing techniques and will greatly advance the development of COFs for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiya Khalil
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-362, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Matthew D Meyer
- Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Abdullah Alazmi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-362, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Mohammad H K Samani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-362, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Po-Chun Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-362, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Morgan Barnes
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-364, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Amanda B Marciel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-362, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Rafael Verduzco
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-362, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-364, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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Chen X, Zhou Y, Shan J, Guo C, Wang Y. Selective colorimetric and fluorometric organogel sensors for the detection of F− and ClO− based on chiral glutamic and phenothiazine derivatives. Colloid Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-022-05050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Mohamed MBM, Dahabiyeh LA, Sahib MN. Design and evaluation of molecular organogel based on folic acid as a potential green drug carrier for oral route. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 48:367-373. [PMID: 36094171 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2118316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The low molecular weight organogels are interesting carriers for pharmaceutical compounds. However, their uses are limited due to the toxicity burden of the organic solvent used. Hence, this study aimed to prepare organogel using folic acid (FA) in different concentrations as a gelator for propylene glycol (PG) biocompatible solvent. METHODS The simple mixing method followed by incubation in a water bath at 90 °C was used to prepare organogels. Then, formulations were assessed using different methods including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dropping method, attenuated total reflectance - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), oscillatory rheology studies, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and in vitro dissolution study. RESULTS Gel formation and its consistency were highly depending on FA concentration. The results showed that increasing the concentration of FA in the organogel led to accelerating the gelation process, and the least amount of FA that could gel the PG was 0.25% w/w. However, higher concentrations were needed to create an organogel with excellent properties. The DSC and dropping studies revealed stable organogels formulations at body temperature. The ATR-FTIR showed interactions between the pteridine ring of FA and PG. The strain amplitude and frequency sweep tests demonstrated an increase in storage modulus values as the concentration of FA increased at 37 °C, which were frequency independent at high frequencies. In addition, the SEM exposed the fabrics like the structure of these organogels. Furthermore, the in vitro dissolution of organogel was pH-dependent, with a high possibility of taking place in the large intestine. CONCLUSION FA/PG organogel formulation is a promising carrier for drug and nutraceuticals compound for the oral delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lina A Dahabiyeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Moharana P, Santosh G. Organogels Fabricated from Self-Assembled Nanotubes Containing Core Substituted Perylene Diimide Derivative. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:21932-21938. [PMID: 35785309 PMCID: PMC9245106 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Perylene-based organogels are well-known for their applications as sensors and optoelectronic materials. Among them, core-substituted perylene diimide-based organogels are rarely explored. Herein, the hierarchical self-assembly mechanism of a newly synthesized, amide-linked core-substituted perylene diimide derivative, which formed organogels in organic solvents like toluene and methyl cyclohexane (MCH), is discussed. These organogels are composed of one-dimensional molecular aggregates like nanofibers and nanotubes. Organogels composed of nanofibers are very frequent. On the contrary, for the first time, we have encountered a perylene diimide-based organogel consisting of self-assembled nanotubes. The molecular interactions, molecular packing, and rheological properties of this organogel are also discussed.
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7
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Zhang YP, Niu WY, Yang YS, Yuan YZ, Zhang HR. A chalcone organic gel for oil spill recovery and wastewater treatment. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.128166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Behere RP, Laxmi R, Gupta N, Sharma U, Das S, Kuila BK. Donor–acceptor organic nanostructure based on conjugated polymer for improving visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity towards degradation of dye in aqueous medium. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj04262b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid donor–acceptor nanostructures based on P3HT with improved light harvesting properties were employed for organic dye degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Prakash Behere
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Raj Laxmi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Neelam Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Uttam Sharma
- Department of Ceramic Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Santanu Das
- Department of Ceramic Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Biplab Kumar Kuila
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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Liao L, Liu R, Hu S, Jiang W, Chen Y, Zhong J, Jia X, Liu H, Luo X. Self-assembled sonogels formed from 1,4-naphthalenedicarbonyldinicotinic acid hydrazide. RSC Adv 2022; 12:20218-20226. [PMID: 35919589 PMCID: PMC9280287 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01391f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound-induced gelation of a novel type of gelator, 1,4-naphthalenedicarbonyl- dinicotinic acid hydrazide, is reported. The gelator self-assembled into various architectures in different solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieqiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Ruidong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Shuwen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Wenting Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Yali Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Jinlian Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Xinjian Jia
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Huijin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Xuzhong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
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Abstract
The molecular structure of bis(pyrazol-1-yl)methane-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid (H2bpmdc) was determined by single crystal X-Ray diffraction analysis. The compound crystallizes in a monoclinic crystal system; the unit cell contains four formula units. The molecules of H2bpmdc are linked into zig-zag chains by intermolecular carboxyl–carboxyl hydrogen bonds. Other types of supramolecular interactions, namely, CH···N and CH···O short contacts, CH–π interactions and carbonyl–carbonyl interactions were detected in the crystal structure.
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Liao L, Jia X, Lou H, Zhong J, Liu H, Ding S, Chen C, Hong S, Luo X. Supramolecular gel formation regulated by water content in organic solvents: self-assembly mechanism and biomedical applications. RSC Adv 2021; 11:11519-11528. [PMID: 35423629 PMCID: PMC8695936 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00647a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the most important and fruitful methods, supramolecular self-assembly has a significant advantage in designing and fabricating functional soft materials with various nanostructures. In this research, a low-molecular-weight gelator, N,N'-di(pyridin-4-yl)-pyridine-3,5-dicarboxamide (PDA-N4), was synthesized and used to construct self-assembled gels via a solvent-mediated strategy. It was found that PDA-N4 could form supramolecular gels in mixed solvents of water and DMSO (or DMF) at high water fraction (greater than or equal to 50%). By decreasing the water fraction from 50% to 30%, the gel, suspension and solution phases appeared successively, indicating that self-assembled aggregates could be efficiently modulated via water content in organic solvents. Moreover, the as-prepared PDA-N4 supramolecular gels not only displayed solid-like behavior, and pH- and thermo-reversible characteristics, but also showed a solution-gel-crystal transition with the extension of aging time. Further analyses suggested that both the crystal and gel had similar assembled structures. The intermolecular hydrogen bonding between amide groups and the π-π stacking interactions between pyridine groups played key roles in gel formation. Additionally, the release behavior of vitamin B12 (VB12) from PDA-N4 gel (H2O/DMSO, v/v = 90/10) was evaluated, and the drug controlled release process was consistent with a first-order release mechanism. The human umbilical venous endothelial cell culture results showed that the PDA-N4 xerogel has good cytocompatibility, which implied that the gels have potential biological application in tissue engineering and controlled drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieqiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis, College of Chemistry, Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Xinjian Jia
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Haoxiang Lou
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Jinlian Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Huijin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Shunming Ding
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis, College of Chemistry, Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis, College of Chemistry, Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Sanguo Hong
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis, College of Chemistry, Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Xuzhong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
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Fan K, Wang X, Wang X, Yang H, Han G, Zhou L, Fang S. One-step-synthesized d-gluconic acetal-based supramolecular organogelators with effective phase-selective gelation. RSC Adv 2020; 10:37080-37085. [PMID: 35521241 PMCID: PMC9057107 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07658a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two effective and one-step-synthesized organogelators based on d-gluconic acetal derivatives have been developed to show phase-selective gelation behaviours towards aromatic solvents from their biphasic mixtures with water. The dominant factors that drive gelation have been studied using FT-IR and temperature-dependent 1H NMR spectroscopy. Particularly, gelator GAA-2 in powder form could selectively congeal toluene, benzene and o-xylene at room temperature under mild stirring. Additionally, GAA-2 could gelate the aromatic solvents within 10 min and the recovery rate of the aromatic solvents could reach about 82% under a certain condition. The benefits of wide source availability, being easy to synthesize, and recyclable performance of the gelator make GAA-2 ideal for real-world remediation of aromatic solvents. Two effective and one-step-synthesized organogelators based on d-gluconic acetal derivatives have been developed to show phase-selective gelation behaviours towards aromatic solvents from their biphasic mixtures with water.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqi Fan
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Journal Editorial Department, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Computer and Communication Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 P. R. China
| | - Haoran Yang
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 P. R. China
| | - Guanglu Han
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 P. R. China
| | - Liming Zhou
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 P. R. China
| | - Shaoming Fang
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 P. R. China
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