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Zhang J, Wu X, Zhao J, Ma X, Murad MS, Mu G. Peptidome comparison on the immune regulation effects of different casein fractions in a cyclophosphamide mouse model. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:40-61. [PMID: 37709034 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The protein composition of human milk plays a crucial role in infant formula milk powder formulation. Notably, significant differences exist between bovine casein and human milk casein. Previous studies have shown that casein hydrolysates could enhance immune function; however, gastrointestinal dyspepsia in infants affects the type and function of peptides. Therefore, the present study used peptidomics to sequence and analyze hydrolyzed peptides from different casein fractions. Additionally, animal experiments were conducted to assess the functionality of these casein fractions and elucidate their differences. The results revealed variations in peptide composition among the different casein fractions of formula milk powder. Interestingly, milk powder formulated with both β- and κ-casein (BK) exhibited significant enrichment of peptides related to the immune system. Moreover, the BK group significantly alleviated immune organ damage in cyclophosphamide-treated mice and regulated serum levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors. Furthermore, feeding different casein fractions influenced the intestinal microflora of cyclophosphamide-treated mice, with the BK group mitigating the changes caused by cyclophosphamide. In conclusion, the findings suggest that BK formula in milk powder has the potential to positively enhance immunity. This study provides a robust theoretical basis for human-emulsified formula milk powder development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Liaoning, 116000, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Liaoning, 116000, China.
| | - Jinghong Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Liaoning, 116000, China
| | - Xutong Ma
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Liaoning, 116000, China
| | - M Safian Murad
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Liaoning, 116000, China
| | - Guangqing Mu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Liaoning, 116000, China.
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Zhao Y, Feng X, Zhang L, Huang W, Liu Y. Antitumor Activity of Carboxymethyl Pachymaran with Different Molecular Weights Based on Immunomodulatory and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:4527. [PMID: 37960180 PMCID: PMC10648391 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Carboxymethyl pachymaran (CMP) was treated via high-temperature and cellulase hydrolysis to obtain HTCMP, HTEC-24, and HTEC-48. The chemical structure and in vivo antitumor activities of the four types of CMPs were investigated. Compared with CMP (787.9 kDa), the molecular weights of HTCMP, HTEC-24, and HTEC-48 were decreased to 429.8, 129.9, and 68.6 kDa, respectively. The viscosities and particle sizes of the CMPs could also decrease with the decline in the molecular weights. All the CMPs showed antitumor abilities, but HTEC-24 exhibited the best activity. In the animal study, when curing the spleen and thymus, CMPs displayed immunomodulatory effects by increasing the secretion of IFN-γ and IL2 in mice. The CMPs also exerted an antitumor ability by regulating the gut microbiota in tumor-bearing mice. Our results established a foundation to develop an antitumor drug with CMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (W.H.)
| | - Xi Feng
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Packaging, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA;
| | - Lijia Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (W.H.)
| | - Wen Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (W.H.)
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (W.H.)
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Wang N, Ren D, Zhang L, Han N, Zhao Y, Yang X. Effects of sheep whey protein combined with Fu brick tea polysaccharides and stachyose on immune function and intestinal metabolites of cyclophosphamide-treated mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:3402-3413. [PMID: 36722467 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sheep whey protein (SWP), Fu brick tea polysaccharides (FBTP) and stachyose (STA) have been shown to improve immunity, but little is known about the regulatory effect of SWP, FBTP, STA and their combined formula (CF) on immune function and intestinal metabolism of immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX). RESULTS Administration of SWP, FBTP, STA or CF restored the levels of body weight, immune organ index, immune organ morphology, cytokines and immunoglobulins in CTX immunosuppressed mice. Interestingly, CF improved all the mentioned parameters more effective than administration of SWP, FBTP or STA alone. In addition, CF was more effective to increase the levels of intestinal immune-related gene expression than FBTP, SWP or STA alone in immunosuppressed mice, suggesting that CF exhibited excellent intestinal immune regulation function. CF also significantly improved cecal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids of CTX-treated mice. Furthermore, metabolomics analysis demonstrated that CF recovered the levels of 28 metabolites associated with the CTX treatment to the levels of normal mice. CONCLUSION Conclusively, these findings suggested that CF as a functional food combination of SWP, FBTP and STA could promote the immune function against human diseases, which providing theoretical support for the co-ingestion of SWP and functional sugars as a feasible strategy for improving the body immunity in the future. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Daoyuan Ren
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ning Han
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Yang Y, Qin L, Wu Y, Liu S, He X, Mao W. A sulfated polysaccharide from Dictyosphaeria cavernosa: Structural characterization and effect on immunosuppressive recovery. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123311. [PMID: 36669632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A homogeneous sulfated polysaccharide DCS1 was obtained from Dictyosphaeria cavernosa by alkali extraction and chromatography purification. On the basis of chemical and spectroscopic analyses, DCS1 was a novel mannan-type sulfated polysaccharide and had a molecular weight of 15.48 kDa. DCS1 consisted of a main chain of (1 → 4)-α-d-Manp units with partial sulfate substitution at C-2 and branches at C-2/C-6. DCS1 possessed a potent immune-enhancing effect in vitro evaluated by the assays of lymphocytes proliferation and macrophage phagocytosis. The immunomodulatory effect of DCS1 in vivo was further investigated using immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide (Cy). The data showed that DCS1 markedly increased the spleen and thymus indexes, and ameliorated the Cy-induced damage to spleen and thymus. Moreover, DCS1 had a significant effect on hematopoietic function recovery, and promoted the secretion of the interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor-α. Notably, DCS1 reversed the reduction of CD4+ T cells, improved the disorder of CD4+/CD8+ T cells and enhanced the immune response. The investigation demonstrated that the sulfated polysaccharide DCS1 with novel structure could be a hopeful immunomodulatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaoxi He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Wenjun Mao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
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Huang YY, Wu JM, Wu WT, Lin JW, Liang YT, Hong ZZ, Jia XZ, Liu DM. Structural, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities of an acidic exopolysaccharide from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DMDL 9010. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1073071. [PMID: 36570157 PMCID: PMC9779943 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1073071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the structural, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities of acidic exopolysaccharide (EPS-LP2) isolated from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DMDL 9010. EPS-LP2 is composed of fucose (Fuc), arabinose (Ara), galactose (Gal), glucose (Glc), mannose (Man), and D-fructose (Fru) with a molar ratio of 0.13: 0.69: 8.32: 27.57: 62.07: 0.58: 0.46, respectively. Structural analysis of EPS-LP2 exhibited a smooth irregular lamellar surface, rod-like structure with swollen ends and slippery surfaces, and good thermal stability. Based on the methylation and NMR analysis, sugar residues including t-Manp, t-Glcp, 2-Manp, 6-Galp, 6-Glcp, and 4-Glcp were found to exist in EPS-LP2. In the 50∼400 μg/ml range, EPS-LP2 showed negligible neurotoxicity to RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, EPS-LP2 could protect RAW264.7 cells from oxidative injury by lowering the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the secretion of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). In contrast, an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the concentrations of glutathione (GSH) were observed. Immunoreactivity assays showed that EPS-LP2 could suppress the expression of NO, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) and inhibit the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor-κB-gene binding (NF-κB) cell pathway. Conclusively, EPS-LP2 could be a potential natural antioxidant and immunomodulatory agent in functional foods and medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-yan Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-min Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-tong Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-wei Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-tong Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen-zhen Hong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang-ze Jia
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong-mei Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Dong-mei Liu,
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Ge Y, Qiu H, Zheng J. Physicochemical characteristics and anti-hyperlipidemic effect of polysaccharide from BaChu mushroom (Helvella leucopus). Food Chem X 2022; 15:100443. [PMID: 36211779 PMCID: PMC9532772 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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