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Yu M, Ouyang D, Wang L, Liu YN. Catalytic Reduction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds to Phenylhydroxylamine and Its Derivatives. Molecules 2024; 29:4353. [PMID: 39339349 PMCID: PMC11433948 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29184353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenylhydroxylamine and its derivates (PHAs) are important chemical intermediates. Phenylhydroxylamines are mainly produced via the catalytic reduction of aromatic nitro compounds. However, this catalytic reduction method prefers to generate thermodynamically stable aromatic amine. Thus, designing suitable catalytic systems, especially catalysts to selectively convert aromatic nitro compounds to PHAs, has received increasing attention but remains challenging. In this review, we initially provide a brief overview of the various strategies employed for the synthesis of PHAs, focusing on reducing aromatic nitro compounds. Subsequently, an in-depth analysis is presented on the catalytic reduction process, encompassing discussions on catalysts, reductants, hydrogen sources, and a comprehensive assessment of the merits and drawbacks of various catalytic systems. Furthermore, a concise overview is provided regarding the progress made in comprehending the mechanisms involved in this process of catalytic reduction of aromatic nitro compounds. Finally, the main challenges and prospects in PHAs' production via catalytic reduction are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Henan Province Industrial Technology Research Institute of Resources and Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Dachen Ouyang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Liqiang Wang
- Henan Province Industrial Technology Research Institute of Resources and Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - You-Nian Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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Nuzhdin AL, Bukhtiyarova MV, Bukhtiyarova GA. Organic synthesis in flow mode by selective liquid-phase hydrogenation over heterogeneous non-noble metal catalysts. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 39254682 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00873a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Flow hydrogenation performed over heterogeneous catalysts makes organic synthesis more economical, safe and environmentally friendly. Over the past two decades, a significant amount of research with a major focus on noble metal catalysts has been carried out in this area. However, catalysts based on non-noble metals (Ni, Cu, Co, etc.) are more promising for practical use due to their low cost and high availability. This review article discusses the use of supported and bulk non-noble metal catalysts for the liquid-phase hydrogenation of bi- and polyfunctional organic compounds in flow mode. The main attention is paid to the selective reduction of one functional group (NO2, CC, CN, CO, and CN) in the presence of other substituents. In addition, cascade synthetic protocols involving hydrogenation are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey L Nuzhdin
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
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Chen J, Lin X, Xu F, Chai K, Ren M, Yu Z, Su W, Liu F. An Efficient Continuous Flow Synthesis for the Preparation of N-Arylhydroxylamines: Via a DMAP-Mediated Hydrogenation Process. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072968. [PMID: 37049731 PMCID: PMC10096002 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes to N-arylhydroxylamines is an important synthetic process in the chemical industry. It is commonly accomplished by using heterogeneous catalytic systems that contain inhibitors, such as DMSO. Herein, DMAP has been identified as a unique additive for increasing hydrogenation activity and product selectivity (up to >99%) under mild conditions in the Pt/C-catalyzed process. Continuous-flow technology has been explored as an efficient approach toward achieving the selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes to N-arylhydroxylamines. The present flow protocol was applied for a vast substrate scope and was found to be compatible with a wide range of functional groups, such as electron-donating groups, carbonyl, and various halogens. Further studies were attempted to show that the improvement in the catalytic activity and selectivity benefited from the dual functions of DMAP; namely, the heterolytic H2 cleavage and competitive adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Chen
- College of New Materials Engineering, Jiaxing Nanhu University, Jiaxing 314000, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Xinyu Lin
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Raybow (Hangzhou) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Kejie Chai
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Minna Ren
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhiqun Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Weike Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Fengfan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (F.L.)
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Micropacked‐bed Reactor for Continuous Hydrogenation of Aromatic Dinitro Compounds. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Si Y, Ming W, Liu S, Wei W, Ji L, Gong D, Wang J, Zuo C, Huang H, Yan D. Continuous Catalytic Hydrogenation of a Key Intermediate of Riluzole Using Micropacked-bed Reactor. CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Si
- Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry, 8 East Shen Liao Road, Shenyang, 110021, P. R. of China
| | - Weixing Ming
- Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry, 8 East Shen Liao Road, Shenyang, 110021, P. R. of China
| | - Song Liu
- Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry, 8 East Shen Liao Road, Shenyang, 110021, P. R. of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry, 8 East Shen Liao Road, Shenyang, 110021, P. R. of China
| | - Lu Ji
- Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry, 8 East Shen Liao Road, Shenyang, 110021, P. R. of China
| | - Dangsheng Gong
- Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry, 8 East Shen Liao Road, Shenyang, 110021, P. R. of China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255012, P. R. of China
| | - Cuncun Zuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255012, P. R. of China
| | - Haofei Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255012, P. R. of China
| | - Dongmao Yan
- Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry, 8 East Shen Liao Road, Shenyang, 110021, P. R. of China
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