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Zhang L, Xiao J, Xu X, Li K, Li D, Li J. Functionalized Chiral Materials for Use in Chiral Sensors. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-20. [PMID: 39012839 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2376233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Chirality represents a fundamental attribute within living systems and is a pervasive phenomenon in the natural world. The identification and analysis of chiral materials within natural environments and biological systems hold paramount importance in clinical, chemical, and biological sciences. Within chiral analysis, there is a burgeoning focus on developing chiral sensors exhibiting exceptional selectivity, sensitivity, and stability, marking it as a forefront area of research. In the past decade (2013-2023), approximately 1990 papers concerning the application of various chiral materials in chiral sensors have been published. Biological materials and nanomaterials have important applications in the development of chiral sensors, which accounting for 26.67% and 45.24% of the material-related applications in these sensors, respectively; moreover, the development of chiral nanomaterials is closely related to the development of portable and stable chiral sensors. Natural chiral materials, utilized as selective recognition units, are combined with carriers characterized by good physical and chemical properties through functionalization to form various functional chiral materials, which improve the recognition efficiency of chiral sensors. In this article, from the perspective of biological materials, polymer materials, nanomaterials, and other functional chiral materials, the applications of chiral sensors are summarized and the research prospects of chiral sensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianming Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Jiaxi Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Xuemei Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Kaiting Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Dan Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
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Spiaggia F, Uccello Barretta G, Iuliano A, Baldassari C, Aiello F, Balzano F. A Squaramide-Based Organocatalyst as a Novel Versatile Chiral Solvating Agent for Carboxylic Acids. Molecules 2024; 29:2389. [PMID: 38792248 PMCID: PMC11123912 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A squaramide-based organocatalyst for asymmetric Michael reactions has been tested as a chiral solvating agent (CSA) for 26 carboxylic acids and camphorsulfonic acid, encompassing amino acid derivatives, mandelic acid, as well as some of its analogs, propionic acids like profens (ketoprofen and ibuprofen), butanoic acids and others. In many cases remarkably high enantiodifferentiations at 1H, 13C and 19F nuclei were observed. The interaction likely involves a proton transfer from the acidic substrates to the tertiary amine sites of the organocatalyst, thus allowing for pre-solubilization of the organocatalyst (when a chloroform solution of the substrate is employed) or the simultaneous solubilization of both the catalyst and the substrate. DOSY experiments were employed to evaluate whether the catalyst-substrate ionic adduct was a tight one or not. ROESY experiments were employed to investigate the role of the squaramide unit in the adduct formation. A mechanism of interaction was proposed in accordance with the literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Spiaggia
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.I.); (C.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Gloria Uccello Barretta
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.I.); (C.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Anna Iuliano
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.I.); (C.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Carlo Baldassari
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.I.); (C.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Federica Aiello
- National Research Council, Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (CNR-IPCF), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Federica Balzano
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.I.); (C.B.); (F.B.)
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Mo MY, Wang XJ, Shen RZ, Hu CY, Li XC, Li GW, Liu LT. Enantiospecific Analysis of Carboxylic Acids Using Cinchona Alkaloid Dimers as Chiral Solvating Agents. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7487-7496. [PMID: 38695134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Cinchona alkaloid derivatives as Brønsted base catalysts have attracted considerable attention in the field of asymmetric catalysis. However, their potential application as chiral solvating agents has not been described. In this research, we investigated the use of the Cinchona alkaloid dimer, namely, (DHQ)2PHAL, as a chiral solvating agent for discerning various mandelic acid derivatives through 1H NMR spectroscopy. The addition of catalytic amounts of DMAP facilitated this process. Our experimental results demonstrate that dimeric (DHQ)2PHAL exhibits remarkable chiral discrimination properties regarding the diagnostic split protons of 1H NMR signals (including 24 examples, up to 0.321 ppm). Furthermore, it serves as an excellent chiral discriminating agent and provides good resolution for racemic chiral phosphoric acid as determined by 31P NMR spectroscopy. The quality of enantiodifferentiation has also been evaluated by means of the parameter "resolution (Rs)". Significantly, this class of CSAs based on (alkaloid)2linker systems with an azaaromatic linker can be directly employed, which is commercially available in an enantiopure form at very low cost and exhibits promising potential in determining the enantiopurity of α-hydroxy acids by chemoselective and biocatalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Mo
- School of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Engineering Research Center for Green Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Engineering Research Center for Green Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Ren-Zeng Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Engineering Research Center for Green Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Chang-Yan Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Engineering Research Center for Green Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Xue-Chun Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Engineering Research Center for Green Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Gao-Wei Li
- School of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Engineering Research Center for Green Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Lan-Tao Liu
- School of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Engineering Research Center for Green Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
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Wang Y, Zhao H, Yang C, Fang L, Zheng L, Lv H, Stavropoulos P, Ai L, Zhang J. Chiral Recognition of Chiral (Hetero)Cyclic Derivatives Probed by Tetraaza Macrocyclic Chiral Solvating Agents via 1H NMR Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2024; 96:5188-5194. [PMID: 38506628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
In the field of chiral recognition, chiral cyclic organic compounds, especially heterocyclic organic compounds, have attracted little attention and have been rarely studied as chiral substrates by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy. In this paper, enantiomers of thiohydantoin derivatives, representing typical five-membered N,N-heterocycles, have been synthesized and utilized for assignment of absolute configuration and analysis of enantiomeric excess. All enantiomers have been successfully differentiated with the assistance of novel tetraaza macrocyclic chiral solvating agents (TAMCSAs) by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Surprisingly, unprecedented nonequivalent chemical shift values (up to 2.052 ppm) of the NH proton of substrates have been observed, a new milestone in the evaluation of enantiomers. To better understand the intermolecular interactions between host and guest, Job plots and theoretical calculations of (S)-G1 and (R)-G1 with TAMCSA 1a were investigated and revealed significant geometric differentiation between the diastereomers. In order to evaluate practical applications of the present systems in analyzing optical purity of chiral substrates, enantiomeric excesses of a typical substrate (G1) with different optical compositions in the presence of a representative TAMCSA (1a) can be accurately calculated based on the integration of the NH proton's signal peaks. Importantly, this work provides a significant breakthrough in exploring and developing the chiral recognition of chiral heterocyclic organic compounds by 1H NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, P. R. China
| | - Chunxia Yang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Lixia Fang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Li Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hehua Lv
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Pericles Stavropoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Lin Ai
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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Li Y, Zhao H, Ren Y, Qiu M, Zhang H, Gao G, Zheng L, Stavropoulos P, Ai L. Synthesis of Enantiomers of Chiral Ester Derivatives Containing an Amide Group and Their Chiral Recognition by
1
H NMR Spectroscopy. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐Lin Li
- College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Hong‐Mei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Communications, School of Science Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Qing Ren
- College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Meng Qiu
- College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Hai‐Tong Zhang
- College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Guang‐Peng Gao
- College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Li Zheng
- College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Pericles Stavropoulos
- Department of Chemistry Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla, Missouri 65409 USA
| | - Lin Ai
- College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
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Huang B, Xu L, Ying J, Zhao Y, Huang S. A novel in-situ strategy for enantiomeric discrimination and selective identification of multicomponent carboxylic acids in foods. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1230:340402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kulyk S, De Paul SM, Marx MA, Peakman TM, Smith CR. Atropisomeric Racemization Kinetics of MRTX1719 Using Chiral Solvating Agent-Assisted 19F NMR Spectroscopy. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:32062-32067. [PMID: 36120049 PMCID: PMC9476184 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With renewed interest in atropisomerism of drug molecules, efficient methods to experimentally determine torsion rotational energy barriers are needed. Here, we describe use of the chiral phosphoric acid solvating agent (+)-TiPSY to resolve the signals of atropisomers in 19F NMR and to use the data to study the kinetics of racemization and determine the rotational energy barrier of clinical compound MRTX1719. This method is complimentary to traditional chiral high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and enhances the toolkit for chiral analysis techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Kulyk
- Mirati
Therapeutics, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | | | - Matthew A. Marx
- Mirati
Therapeutics, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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Wen J, Feng L, Zhao H, Zheng L, Stavropoulos P, Ai L, Zhang J. Chiral Recognition of Hydantoin Derivatives Enabled by Tetraaza Macrocyclic Chiral Solvating Agents Using 1H NMR Spectroscopy. J Org Chem 2022; 87:7934-7944. [PMID: 35675642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Enantiomers of a series of hydantoin derivatives were prepared from d- and l-amino acids with p-tolyl isocyanate and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate as guests for chiral recognition by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Meanwhile, several tetraaza macrocyclic compounds were synthesized as chiral solvating agents from d-phenylalanine and (1S,2S)-(+)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane. An uncommon enantiomeric discrimination has been successfully established for hydantoin derivatives, representatives of five-membered N,N-heterocycles, in the presence of tetraaza macrocyclic chiral solvating agents (TAMCSAs) 1a-1c by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy. Several unprecedented nonequivalent chemical shifts (up to 1.309 ppm) were observed in the split 1H NMR spectra. To evaluate practical applications in the determination of enantiomeric excess (ee), the ee values of samples with different optical purities (up to 95% ee) were accurately calculated by the integration of relevant proton peaks. To better understand the chiral discriminating behavior, Job plots of (±)-G1 with TAMCSA 1a were investigated. Furthermore, in order to further explore any underlying intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions, theoretical calculations of the enantiomers of (S)-G1 and (R)-G1 with TAMCSA 1a were performed by means of the hybrid density functional theory (B3LYP/6-31G*) of the Gaussian 16 program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wen
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Lei Feng
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, P. R. China
| | - Li Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Pericles Stavropoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Lin Ai
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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9
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Chiral tetraalkynylborate as a chiral solvating agent for N-chiral tetraalkylammonium salts. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Liu L, Ma C, He Q, Huang Y, Duan W. Effective enantiomeric identification of aromatic amines by tyrosine-modified pillar[5]arenes as chiral NMR solvating agents. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00525a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Two novel tyrosine-modified pillar[5]arenes have been synthesized and applied as chiral NMR solvating agents to establish an efficient 1H NMR method for enantioselective recognition and configuration assignment towards α-aromatic ethylamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzhi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi University
- Nanning 530004
- P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials
| | - Cuiguang Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi University
- Nanning 530004
- P. R. China
| | - Qin He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi University
- Nanning 530004
- P. R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- Guangxi Institute of Chinese Traditional Medical & Pharmaceutical Science and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards
- Nanning 530022
- P. R. China
| | - Wengui Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi University
- Nanning 530004
- P. R. China
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