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Patel T, Patel V. Thiazolidinediones: Recent Development in Analytical Methodologies. J Chromatogr Sci 2024; 62:789-802. [PMID: 37539627 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmad058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The instrumental analytical methods that have been developed and utilized for the determination of thiazolidinedione in bulk medications, formulations and biological fluids have been reviewed after an in-depth analysis of the literature published in a variety of analytical and pharmaceutical chemistry-related journals. The approaches covered by this research, which covers the years 2001-2022, include complex methods for analysis, chromatographic techniques and spectrometric analytical procedures. The mobile phase, flow rate, sample matrix, wavelength and other factors identified in the literature were just a few of the parameters used to evaluate thiazolidinediones. The present review focuses on the published analytical techniques for thiazolidinedione analysis that have been previously identified in the literature. The specified outcomes followed extensive learning, and the most recent advances in analytical methods for the identification of pioglitazone, pioglitazone HCl, rosiglitazone, rosiglitazone maleate and lobeglitazone were reviewed. Additionally, this article briefly discusses features of analytical discovery on thiazolidinediones, which will enable readers to access all discoveries in one place with precise outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarang Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Charusat Campus, Changa 388 421, Gujarat, India
| | - Vatsal Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Sardar Patel Collage of Pharmacy, SPEC Campus, Vidyanagar-Vadtal Road Bakrol 388 315, Gujarat, India
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Visuvanathan T, Than LTL, Stanslas J, Chew SY, Vellasamy S. Revisiting Trigonella foenum-graecum L.: Pharmacology and Therapeutic Potentialities. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11111450. [PMID: 35684222 PMCID: PMC9182856 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is a medicinal plant that has been used as a food condiment as well as for its multiple therapeutic characteristics since ancient times. Fenugreek plant grows up to 60 cm in height, and its seeds are golden-yellow rhomboidal-shaped. Though fenugreek is more commonly known for its seeds, the leaves and stem have also been reported to have medicinal uses. These properties exhibited are due to the content of the secondary metabolites, also known as phytochemicals, in the fenugreek plant. Such metabolites are alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenols, and many others. Fenugreek has been used traditionally for numerous indications, such as aid in labour, lactation stimulant, and laxatives. In modern research, there have been several animal and clinical studies that have shown therapeutic effects of fenugreek when taken orally. Fenugreek is a suitable plant candidate with a high prospect of being used as a credible medicinal plant to derive new drugs. This review aims to summarize the physical and chemical properties of fenugreek and its bioactive compounds that have been isolated for medicinal purposes and discusses the traditional and pharmacological uses of fenugreek.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theysshana Visuvanathan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (T.V.); (L.T.L.T.); (S.Y.C.)
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia
| | - Leslie Thian Lung Than
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (T.V.); (L.T.L.T.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Johnson Stanslas
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Shu Yih Chew
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (T.V.); (L.T.L.T.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Shalini Vellasamy
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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Abdelgawad MA, Elmowafy M, Musa A, Al-Sanea MM, Nayl AA, Ghoneim MM, Ahmed YM, Hassan HM, AboulMagd AM, Salem HF, Abdelwahab NS. Development and Greenness Assessment of HPLC Method for Studying the Pharmacokinetics of Co-Administered Metformin and Papaya Extract. Molecules 2022; 27:375. [PMID: 35056687 PMCID: PMC8778412 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Foods with medical value have been proven to be beneficial, and they are extensively employed since they integrate two essential elements: food and medication. Accordingly, diabetic patients can benefit from papaya because the fruit is low in sugar and high in antioxidants. An RP-HPLC method was designed for studying the pharmacokinetics of metformin (MET) when concurrently administered with papaya extract. A mobile phase of 0.5 mM of KH2PO4 solution and methanol (65:35, v/v), pH = 5 ± 0.2 using aqueous phosphoric acid and NaOH, and guaifenesin (GUF) were used as an internal standard. To perform non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis, the Pharmacokinetic program (PK Solver) was used. The method's greenness was analyzed using two tools: the Analytical GREEnness calculator and the RGB additive color model. Taking papaya with MET improved the rate of absorption substantially (time for reaching maximum concentration (Tmax) significantly decreased by 75% while maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) increased by 7.33%). The extent of absorption reduced by 22.90%. Furthermore, the amount of medication distributed increased (30.83 L for MET concurrently used with papaya extract versus 24.25 L for MET used alone) and the clearance rate rose by roughly 13.50%. The results of the greenness assessment indicated that the method is environmentally friendly. Taking papaya with MET changed the pharmacokinetics of the drug dramatically. Hence, this combination will be particularly effective in maintaining quick blood glucose control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (M.M.A.-S.)
| | - Mohammed Elmowafy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Arafa Musa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad M. Al-Sanea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (M.M.A.-S.)
| | - AbdElAziz A. Nayl
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Collage of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yasmine M. Ahmed
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University in Beni-Suef (NUB), Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt;
| | - Hossam M. Hassan
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt;
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University in Beni-Suef (NUB), Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M. AboulMagd
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University in Beni-Suef (NUB), Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt;
| | - Heba F. Salem
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt;
| | - Nada S. Abdelwahab
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University in Beni-Suef (NUB), Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt;
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
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Apigenin-loaded galactose tailored PLGA nanoparticles: A possible strategy for liver targeting to treat hepatocellular carcinoma. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 204:111778. [PMID: 33915380 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common hepatic malignancy worldwide. Recent reports focusing on the efficacy of apigenin-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) in combating the progress of HCC encouraged us to develop galactose-tailored PLGA NPs loaded with apigenin (API-GAL-NPs) for active liver targeting to treat HCC. Two kinds of apigenin NPs, such as apigenin-PLGA NPs (API-NPs) and API-GAL-NPs were fabricated and characterized by size, surface morphology, encapsulation efficacy, and in vitro drug release kinetics. In vitro assays were performed on HepG2 cells to check the cellular internalization, cytotoxic potential, and apoptotic potential of free apigenin (API), API-NPs, and API-GAL-NPs. In this stdy, API-GAL-NPs exhibited improved cellular internalization of API resulting in significantly high cytotoxic and apoptotic potentials to HepG2 cells over API and API-NPs. In in vivo studies, API-GAL-NPs exhibited a better protective effect against DEN-induced HCC in rats evidenced by the significant reduction of nodule formation, downregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9), and induction of apoptosis in the liver than API and API-NPs. Histopathological studies and scintigraphic imaging also confirmed that API-GAL-NPs treatment achieved better therapeutic efficacy against DEN-induced HCC in rats over API-NPs. In conclusion, API-GAL-NPs may serve as a potential therapeutic agent against HCC in the future by achieving improved liver targeting.
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