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Aksić JM, Genčić MS, Radulović NS, Dimitrijević MV, Stojanović-Radić ZZ, Ilic Tomic T, Rodić MV. Bioisosteric ferrocenyl 1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid derivatives: In vitro antiproliferative and antimicrobial evaluations. Bioorg Chem 2023; 139:106708. [PMID: 37487425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
To improve the antiproliferative effect of ALC67 (diastereomeric mixture of ethyl 2-phenyl-3-propioloyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylate), its structure was modified via (i) bioisosteric substitution of the phenyl ring by the ferrocene unit and (ii) replacing the propiolamide side-chain in ACL67 with other acyl groups having differing electrophilicities. In this way, a small library of methyl N-acyl-2-ferrocenyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylates (13 compounds in total) was created and characterized by spectral and crystallographic means. The last N-acylation step was highly diastereoselective toward the cis-diastereomer. In solution, most of the obtained compounds existed as a mixture of two rotamers and displayed a preference for the syn-orientation around the CN bond. A twisted 5T4 envelope conformation was adopted by the derivative containing the N-phenoxyacetyl group in the crystalline state. Two derivatives with chloroacetyl and bromoacetyl groups in the N-3 side chain were cytotoxic to fibroblasts and hepatocellular cancer cells in the low micromolar range (IC50(MRC5) = 9.0 and 11.8 μM, respectively, and IC50(HepG2) = 10.6 and 18.4 μM, respectively) causing an effect similar to the lead compound (IC50(HepG2) = 10.0 μM) and cisplatin (IC50(MRC5) = 4.0 μM and IC50(HepG2) = 7.7 μM). Several derivatives also manifested modest antimicrobial effects against the studied microbial strains (MICs in the range from 0.44 to 4.0 μmol/mL). Our findings demonstrated that the introduction of a ferrocene core facilitated the preparation of optically pure analogs of ALC67 and that the cytotoxicity of compounds may be enhanced by adding proper electrophilic centers to the N-acyl side-chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena M Aksić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Marija S Genčić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia.
| | - Niko S Radulović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia.
| | - Marina V Dimitrijević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Zorica Z Stojanović-Radić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Ilic Tomic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko V Rodić
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Seo H, Jackl MK, Kalaj M, Cohen SM. Developing Metal-Binding Isosteres of 8-Hydroxyquinoline as Metalloenzyme Inhibitor Scaffolds. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:7631-7641. [PMID: 35507007 PMCID: PMC9912809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The use of metal-binding pharmacophores (MBPs) in fragment-based drug discovery has proven effective for targeted metalloenzyme drug development. However, MBPs can still suffer from pharmacokinetic liabilities. Bioisostere replacement is an effective strategy utilized by medicinal chemists to navigate these issues during the drug development process. The quinoline pharmacophore and its bioisosteres, such as quinazoline, are important building blocks in the design of new therapeutics. More relevant to metalloenzyme inhibition, 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) and its derivatives can serve as MBPs for metalloenzyme inhibition. In this report, 8-HQ isosteres are designed and the coordination chemistry of the resulting metal-binding isosteres (MBIs) is explored using a bioinorganic model complex. In addition, the physicochemical properties and metalloenzyme inhibition activity of these MBIs were investigated to establish drug-like profiles. This report provides a new group of 8-HQ-derived MBIs that can serve as novel scaffolds for metalloenzyme inhibitor development with tunable, and potentially improved, physicochemical properties.
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Jackl MK, Seo H, Karges J, Kalaj M, Cohen SM. Salicylate metal-binding isosteres as fragments for metalloenzyme inhibition. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2128-2136. [PMID: 35308862 PMCID: PMC8849047 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06011b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Metalloenzyme inhibitors typically share a common need to possess a metal-binding pharmacophore (MBP) for binding the active site metal ions. However, MBPs can suffer from physicochemical liabilities, impeding the pharmacological properties and drug-likeliness of inhibitors. To circumvent this, problematic features of the MBP can be identified and exchanged with isosteric replacements. Herein, the carboxylic and hydroxyl group of the salicylic acid MBP were replaced and a total of 27 salicylate metal-binding isosteres (MBIs) synthesized. Of these 27 MBIs, at least 12 represent previously unreported compounds, and the metal-binding abilities of >20 of the MBIs have not been previously reported. These salicylate MBIs were examined for their metal-binding features in model complexes, physicochemical properties, and biological activity. It was observed that salicylate MBIs can demonstrate a range of attractive physicochemical properties and bind to the metal in a variety of expected and unexpected binding modes. The biological activity of these novel MBIs was evaluated by measuring inhibition against two Zn2+-dependent metalloenzymes, human glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3), as well as a dinuclear Mn2+-dependent metalloenzyme, influenza H1N1 N-terminal endonuclease (PAN). It was observed that salicylate MBIs could maintain or improve enzyme inhibition and selectivity. To probe salicylate MBIs as fragments for fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD), an MBI that showed good inhibitory activity against GLO1 was derivatized and a rudimentary structure-activity relationship was developed. The resulting elaborated fragments showed GLO1 inhibition with low micromolar activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz K Jackl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Hyeonglim Seo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Johannes Karges
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Mark Kalaj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Seth M Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
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Karges J, Seo H, Cohen SM. Synthesis of tetranuclear rhenium(I) tricarbonyl metallacycles. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16147-16155. [PMID: 34679156 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02435c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Re(I) tricarbonyl complexes have received much attention due to their attractive photochemical, electrochemical, and biological properties. Beyond simple mononuclear complexes, multinuclear assemblies offer greater structural diversity and properties. Despite previous reports on the preparation of di-, tri-, or tetranuclear Re(I) tricarbonyl assemblies, the synthesis of these supramolecular structures remains challenging due to overall low yields or tedious purification protocols. Herein, the facile preparation and characterization of tetranuclear Re(I) tricarbonyl metallacycles with a square geometry is reported using a tetrazole-based ligand. The synthesis of the metallacycle was optimized using different metal precursors, solvents, temperatures, and reagent concentrations. Finally, the scope of suitable tetrazole-based ligands was explored to produce several tetranuclear Re(I) tricarbonyl-based metallacycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Karges
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Hyeonglim Seo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Seth M Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Seo H, Prosser KE, Kalaj M, Karges J, Dick BL, Cohen SM. Evaluating Metal-Ligand Interactions of Metal-Binding Isosteres Using Model Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:17161-17172. [PMID: 34699201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bioisosteres are a useful approach to address pharmacokinetic liabilities and improve drug-like properties. Specific to developing metalloenzyme inhibitors, metal-binding pharmacophores (MBPs) have been combined with bioisosteres, to produce metal-binding isosteres (MBIs) as alternative scaffolds for use in fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD). Picolinic acid MBIs have been reported and evaluated for their metal-binding ability, pharmacokinetic properties, and enzyme inhibitory activity. However, their structural, electronic, and spectroscopic properties with metal ions other than Zn(II) have not been reported, which might reveal similarities and differences between MBIs and the parent MBPs. To this end, [M(TPA)(MBI)]+ (M = Ni(II) and Co(II), TPA = tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) is presented as a bioinorganic model system for investigating picolinic acid, four heterocyclic MBIs, and 2,2'-bipyridine. These complexes were characterized by X-ray crystallography as well as NMR, IR, and UV-vis spectroscopies, and their magnetic moments were accessed. In addition, [(TpPh,Me)Co(MBI)] (TpPh,Me = hydrotris(3,5-phenylmethylpyrazolyl)borate) was used as a second model compound, and the limitations and attributes of the two model systems are discussed. These results demonstrate that bioinorganic model complexes are versatile tools for metalloenzyme inhibitor design and can provide insights into the broader use of MBIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonglim Seo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Kathleen E Prosser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Mark Kalaj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Johannes Karges
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Benjamin L Dick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Seth M Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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Mercuri G, Moroni M, Domasevitch KV, Di Nicola C, Campitelli P, Pettinari C, Giambastiani G, Galli S, Rossin A. Carbon Dioxide Capture and Utilization with Isomeric Forms of Bis(amino)‐Tagged Zinc Bipyrazolate Metal–Organic Frameworks. Chemistry 2021; 27:4746-4754. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Mercuri
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM-CNR) Via Madonna del Piano 10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Marco Moroni
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia Università dell'Insubria Via Valleggio 11 22100 Como Italy
| | | | - Corrado Di Nicola
- Scuola di Scienze e Tecnologie Università di Camerino Via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino Italy
| | - Patrizio Campitelli
- Scuola di Scienze e Tecnologie Università di Camerino Via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino Italy
| | - Claudio Pettinari
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM-CNR) Via Madonna del Piano 10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- Scuola del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute Università di Camerino Via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino Italy
| | - Giuliano Giambastiani
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM-CNR) Via Madonna del Piano 10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health (ICPEES) UMR 7515 CNRS-University of Strasbourg (UdS) 25, rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02 France
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry Kazan Federal University 420008 Kazan Russian Federation
| | - Simona Galli
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia Università dell'Insubria Via Valleggio 11 22100 Como Italy
| | - Andrea Rossin
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM-CNR) Via Madonna del Piano 10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
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