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Wang Y, Yang R, Xie Y, Zhou XQ, Yang JF, Shi YY, Liu S. Comprehensive review of drug-mediated ICD inhibition of breast cancer: mechanism, status, and prospects. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:230. [PMID: 39325106 PMCID: PMC11427550 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01482-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
The escalating incidence of breast cancer (BC) in women underscores its grave health threat. Current molecular insights into BC's post-adjuvant therapy cure remain elusive, necessitating active treatment explorations. Immunotherapy, notably chemotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death (ICD), has emerged as a promising BC therapy. ICD harnesses chemotherapeutics to activate anti-tumor immunity via DAMPs, fostering long-term T-cell memory and primary BC cure. Besides chemotherapy drugs, Nanodrugs, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and ICIs also induce ICD, boosting immune response. ICIs, like PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, revolutionize cancer treatment but face limited success in cold tumors. Thus, ICD induction combined with ICIs is studied extensively for BC immunotherapy. This article reviews the mechanism of ICD related drugs in BC and provides reference for the research and development of BC treatment, in order to explore more effective clinical treatment of BC, we hope to explore more ICD inducers and make ICIs more effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200032, Shanghai, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Afiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital, Afiliated to Shanxi Medical University, 030013, Shanxi, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Qiu Zhou
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Feng Yang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - You-Yang Shi
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - Sheng Liu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200032, Shanghai, China.
- Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Liu X, Hyun Kim J, Li X, Liu R. Application of mesenchymal stem cells exosomes as nanovesicles delivery system in the treatment of breast cancer. Int J Pharm 2024:124732. [PMID: 39304093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
As people's living standards continue to improve and human life span expectancy increases, the incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer are continuously rising. Early detection of breast cancer and targeted therapy for different breast cancer subtypes can significantly reduce the mortality rate and alleviate the suffering of patients. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by various cells in the body. They participate in physiological and pathological responses by releasing active substances and play an important role in regulating intercellular communication. In recent years, research on exosomes has gradually expanded, and their special membrane structure and targetable characteristics are being increasingly applied in various clinical studies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived exosomes play an important role in regulating the progression of breast cancer. In this review, we summarize the current treatment methods for breast cancer, the connection between MSCs, exosomes, and breast cancer, as well as the application of exosomes derived from MSCs from different sources in cancer treatment. We highlight how the rational design of modified MSCs-derived exosomes (MSCs-Exos) delivery systems can overcome the uncertainties of stem cell therapy and overcome the clinical translation challenges of nanomaterials. This work aims to promote future research on the application of MSCs-Exos in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong 18323, Republic of Korea; Collaborative Innovation Center of Tumor Marker Detection Technology, Equipment and Diagnosis-Therapy Integration in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Makers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
| | - June Hyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong 18323, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuemei Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tumor Marker Detection Technology, Equipment and Diagnosis-Therapy Integration in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Makers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China.
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong 18323, Republic of Korea.
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Liu J, Li B, Li L, Ming X, Xu ZP. Advances in Nanomaterials for Immunotherapeutic Improvement of Cancer Chemotherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2403024. [PMID: 38773882 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Immuno-stimulative effect of chemotherapy (ISECT) is recognized as a potential alternative to conventional immunotherapies, however, the clinical application is constrained by its inefficiency. Metronomic chemotherapy, though designed to overcome these limitations, offers inconsistent results, with effectiveness varying based on cancer types, stages, and patient-specific factors. In parallel, a wealth of preclinical nanomaterials holds considerable promise for ISECT improvement by modulating the cancer-immunity cycle. In the area of biomedical nanomaterials, current literature reviews mainly concentrate on a specific category of nanomaterials and nanotechnological perspectives, while two essential issues are still lacking, i.e., a comprehensive analysis addressing the causes for ISECT inefficiency and a thorough summary elaborating the nanomaterials for ISECT improvement. This review thus aims to fill these gaps and catalyze further development in this field. For the first time, this review comprehensively discusses the causes of ISECT inefficiency. It then meticulously categorizes six types of nanomaterials for improving ISECT. Subsequently, practical strategies are further proposed for addressing inefficient ISECT, along with a detailed discussion on exemplary nanomedicines. Finally, this review provides insights into the challenges and perspectives for improving chemo-immunotherapy by innovations in nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, 000000, China
- GoodMedX Tech Limited Company, Hong Kong SAR, 000000, China
| | - Bei Li
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Li Li
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Xin Ming
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, USA
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, and Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518107, China
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Luo F, Zhang M, Sun B, Xu C, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Li S, Chen G, Chen C, Li Y, Feng H. LINC00115 promotes chemoresistant breast cancer stem-like cell stemness and metastasis through SETDB1/PLK3/HIF1α signaling. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:60. [PMID: 38520019 PMCID: PMC10958889 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01975-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem-like cell is a key barrier for therapeutic resistance and metastasis in various cancers, including breast cancer, yet the underlying mechanisms are still elusive. Through a genome-wide lncRNA expression profiling, we identified that LINC00115 is robustly upregulated in chemoresistant breast cancer stem-like cells (BCSCs). METHODS LncRNA microarray assay was performed to document abundance changes of lncRNAs in paclitaxel (PTX)-resistant MDA-MB-231 BCSC (ALDH+) and non-BCSC (ALDH-). RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were performed to determine the binding proteins of LINC00115. The clinical significance of the LINC00115 pathway was examined in TNBC metastatic lymph node tissues. The biological function of LINC00115 was investigated through gain- and loss-of-function studies. The molecular mechanism was explored through RNA sequencing, mass spectrometry, and the CRISPR/Cas9-knockout system. The therapeutic potential of LINC00115 was examined through xenograft animal models. RESULTS LINC00115 functions as a scaffold lncRNA to link SETDB1 and PLK3, leading to enhanced SETDB1 methylation of PLK3 at both K106 and K200 in drug-resistant BCSC. PLK3 methylation decreases PLK3 phosphorylation of HIF1α and thereby increases HIF1α stability. HIF1α, in turn, upregulates ALKBH5 to reduce m6A modification of LINC00115, resulting in attenuated degradation of YTHDF2-dependent m6A-modified RNA and enhanced LINC00115 stability. Thus, this positive feedback loop provokes BCSC phenotypes and enhances chemoresistance and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer. SETDB1 inhibitor TTD-IN with LINC00115 ASO sensitizes PTX-resistant cell response to chemotherapy in a xenograft animal model. Correlative expression of LINC00115, methylation PLK3, SETDB1, and HIF1α are prognostic for clinical triple-negative breast cancers. CONCLUSIONS Our findings uncover LINC00115 as a critical regulator of BCSC and highlight targeting LINC00115 and SETDB1 as a potential therapeutic strategy for chemotherapeutic resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Mingda Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Bowen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Chenxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Committee Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yingwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Committee Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Guoyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Academy of Biomedical Engineering, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Yanxin Li
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Committee Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Haizhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Behera RN, Bisht VS, Giri K, Ambatipudi K. Realm of proteomics in breast cancer management and drug repurposing to alleviate intricacies of treatment. Proteomics Clin Appl 2023; 17:e2300016. [PMID: 37259687 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer, a multi-networking heterogeneous disease, has emerged as a serious impediment to progress in clinical oncology. Although technological advancements and emerging cancer research studies have mitigated breast cancer lethality, a precision cancer-oriented solution has not been achieved. Thus, this review will persuade the acquiescence of proteomics-based diagnostic and therapeutic options in breast cancer management. Recently, the evidence of breast cancer health surveillance through imaging proteomics, single-cell proteomics, interactomics, and post-translational modification (PTM) tracking, to construct proteome maps and proteotyping for stage-specific and sample-specific cancer subtyping have outperformed conventional ways of dealing with breast cancer by increasing diagnostic efficiency, prognostic value, and predictive response. Additionally, the paradigm shift in applied proteomics for designing a chemotherapy regimen to identify novel drug targets with minor adverse effects has been elaborated. Finally, the potential of proteomics in alleviating the occurrence of chemoresistance and enhancing reprofiled drugs' effectiveness to combat therapeutic obstacles has been discussed. Owing to the enormous potential of proteomics techniques, the clinical recognition of proteomics in breast cancer management can be achievable and therapeutic intricacies can be surmountable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama N Behera
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vinod S Bisht
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kuldeep Giri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kiran Ambatipudi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
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Yun R, Hong E, Kim J, Park B, Kim SJ, Lee B, Song YS, Kim SJ, Park S, Kang JM. N-linked glycosylation is essential for anti-tumor activities of KIAA1324 in gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:546. [PMID: 37612293 PMCID: PMC10447535 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
KIAA1324 is a transmembrane protein largely reported as a tumor suppressor and favorable prognosis marker in various cancers, including gastric cancer. In this study, we report the role of N-linked glycosylation in KIAA1324 as a functional post-translational modification (PTM). Loss of N-linked glycosylation eliminated the potential of KIAA1324 to suppress cancer cell proliferation and migration. Furthermore, we demonstrated that KIAA1324 undergoes fucosylation, a modification of the N-glycan mediated by fucosyltransferase, and inhibition of fucosylation also significantly suppressed KIAA1324-induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. In addition, KIAA1324-mediated apoptosis and tumor regression were inhibited by the loss of N-linked glycosylation. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) analysis revealed that genes most relevant to the apoptosis and cell cycle arrest pathways were modulated by KIAA1324 with the N-linked glycosylation, and Gene Regulatory Network (GRN) analysis suggested novel targets of KIAA1324 for anti-tumor effects in the transcription level. The N-linked glycosylation blockade decreased protein stability through rapid proteasomal degradation. The non-glycosylated mutant also showed altered localization and lost apoptotic activity that inhibits the interaction between GRP78 and caspase 7. These data demonstrate that N-linked glycosylation of KIAA1324 is essential for the suppressive role of KIAA1324 protein in gastric cancer progression and indicates that KIAA1324 may have anti-tumor effects by targeting cancer-related genes with N-linked glycosylation. In conclusion, our study suggests the PTM of KIAA1324 including N-linked glycosylation and fucosylation is a necessary factor to consider for cancer prognosis and therapy improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Yun
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, 06668, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Hong
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, 06668, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Junil Kim
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Park
- WellSpan York Hospital Family Medicine Residency Program, York, PA, USA
| | - Staci Jakyong Kim
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Bona Lee
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yong Sang Song
- Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Kim
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, 06668, Republic of Korea
- Medpacto Inc., Seoul, 06668, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Park
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, 06668, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Muk Kang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Theivendran S, Lazarev S, Yu C. Mesoporous silica/organosilica nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20220086. [PMID: 37933387 PMCID: PMC10624378 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20220086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the fatal diseases in the history of humankind. In this regard, cancer immunotherapeutic strategies have revolutionized the traditional mode of cancer treatment. Silica based nano-platforms have been extensively applied in nanomedicine including cancer immunotherapy. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) and mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (MON) are attractive candidates due to the ease in controlling the structural parameters as needed for the targeted immunotherapeutic applications. Especially, the MON provide an additional advantage of controlling the composition and modulating the biological functions to actively synergize with other immunotherapeutic strategies. In this review, the applications of MSN, MON, and metal-doped MSN/MON in the field of cancer immunotherapy and tumor microenvironment regulation are comprehensively summarized by highlighting the structural and compositional attributes of the silica-based nanoplatforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shevanuja Theivendran
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of Queensland, BrisbaneSt LuciaAustralia
| | - Sergei Lazarev
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of Queensland, BrisbaneSt LuciaAustralia
| | - Chengzhong Yu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of Queensland, BrisbaneSt LuciaAustralia
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Brožová K, Hantusch B, Kenner L, Kratochwill K. Spatial Proteomics for the Molecular Characterization of Breast Cancer. Proteomes 2023; 11:17. [PMID: 37218922 PMCID: PMC10204503 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes11020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a major global health issue, affecting a significant proportion of the female population and contributing to high rates of mortality. One of the primary challenges in the treatment of BC is the disease's heterogeneity, which can lead to ineffective therapies and poor patient outcomes. Spatial proteomics, which involves the study of protein localization within cells, offers a promising approach for understanding the biological processes that contribute to cellular heterogeneity within BC tissue. To fully leverage the potential of spatial proteomics, it is critical to identify early diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and to understand protein expression levels and modifications. The subcellular localization of proteins is a key factor in their physiological function, making the study of subcellular localization a major challenge in cell biology. Achieving high resolution at the cellular and subcellular level is essential for obtaining an accurate spatial distribution of proteins, which in turn can enable the application of proteomics in clinical research. In this review, we present a comparison of current methods of spatial proteomics in BC, including untargeted and targeted strategies. Untargeted strategies enable the detection and analysis of proteins and peptides without a predetermined molecular focus, whereas targeted strategies allow the investigation of a predefined set of proteins or peptides of interest, overcoming the limitations associated with the stochastic nature of untargeted proteomics. By directly comparing these methods, we aim to provide insights into their strengths and limitations and their potential applications in BC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Brožová
- Core Facility Proteomics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Division of Molecular and Structural Preclinical Imaging, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Brigitte Hantusch
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- CBmed GmbH—Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Kratochwill
- Core Facility Proteomics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Stress Research in Peritoneal Dialysis, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Identification of Prognostic Biomarkers for Suppressing Tumorigenesis and Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma through Transcriptome Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13050965. [PMID: 36900109 PMCID: PMC10001411 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases developed through tumorigenesis and could be fatal if it reaches the metastatic phase. The novelty of the present investigation is to explore the prognostic biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that could develop glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) due to metastasis. The analysis was conducted using RNA-seq datasets for both HCC (PRJNA494560 and PRJNA347513) and GBM (PRJNA494560 and PRJNA414787) from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). This study identified 13 hub genes found to be overexpressed in both GBM and HCC. A promoter methylation study showed these genes to be hypomethylated. Validation through genetic alteration and missense mutations resulted in chromosomal instability, leading to improper chromosome segregation, causing aneuploidy. A 13-gene predictive model was obtained and validated using a KM plot. These hub genes could be prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets, inhibition of which could suppress tumorigenesis and metastasis.
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10
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Hu Y, Li Y, Yao Z, Huang F, Cai H, Liu H, Zhang X, Zhang J. Immunotherapy: Review of the Existing Evidence and Challenges in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:563. [PMID: 36765522 PMCID: PMC9913569 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a representative malignant tumor that affects women across the world, and it is the main cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Although a large number of treatment methods have been developed for BC in recent years, the results are sometimes unsatisfying. In recent years, treatments of BC have been expanded with immunotherapy. In our article, we list some tumor markers related to immunotherapy for BC. Moreover, we introduce the existing relatively mature immunotherapy and the markers' pathogenesis are involved. The combination of immunotherapy and other therapies for BC are introduced in detail, including the combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, the combined use of immunosuppressants and chemotherapy drugs, immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapy. We summarize the clinical effects of these methods. In addition, this paper also makes a preliminary exploration of the combination of immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and nanotechnology for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hu
- Department of Breast Cancer, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhangcheng Yao
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Fenglin Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hongzhou Cai
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hanyuan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210012, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Junying Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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11
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Yu Z, He Q, Xu G. Effect of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) regulator-related immunogenes on the prognosis and immune microenvironment of breast cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 11:4303-4314. [PMID: 36644186 PMCID: PMC9834601 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-22-1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumor and the prognosis remains unsatisfying. Various studies demonstrate that m6A modulators are new predictors of prognosis in immune microenvironment. We aimed to identify several m6A regulator-related immunogenes and explore the relationship between m6A regulator-related immunogenes and breast cancer prognosis as well as the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Methods RNA sequencing data and clinical information on 21 m6A regulators in 1,047 breast cancer samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and immune gene data were downloaded from InnateDB. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was conducted with log-rank test using the survival package. An m6A-related immunogene-prognostic signature was then constructed, followed by immune infiltration and checkpoint analyses. Results A risk prognostic signature of m6A regulator-related immunogenes, including TOX, PSME2, MCTS1, NFKBIE, SH3BP4, RSPH1, JAK1, MLLT4, and PTGES3, was constructed. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses suggested that the tumor stage and risk score could be independent prognostic factors for patients with breast cancer. Immune infiltration analysis showed that the infiltration levels of T cells, memory B cells, activated NK cells, and macrophages between the high- and low-risk groups were significantly different. In addition, checkpoint analyses demonstrated that the levels of immune checkpoint genes, such as those of LAG3, PDCD1, CTLA4, and HAVCR2, were downregulated in the high-risk group compared to those in the low-risk group. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the m6A regulator-related risk prognostic signature can predict the prognosis of breast cancer and that it is related to the immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhun Yu
- Department of Breast, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China;,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi He
- Department of Breast, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China;,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Xu
- Department of Breast, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China;,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
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12
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Theivendran S, Gu Z, Tang J, Yang Y, Song H, Yang Y, Zhang M, Cheng D, Yu C. Nanostructured Organosilica Nitric Oxide Donors Intrinsically Regulate Macrophage Polarization with Antitumor Effect. ACS NANO 2022; 16:10943-10957. [PMID: 35735363 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has many important biological functions; however, it has been a long-standing challenge to utilize the exogenous NO donor itself in the activation of macrophages for cancer immunotherapy. Herein, we report the synthesis of a nanoparticle-based NO delivery platform with a rational design for effective NO delivery and macrophage activation. S-Nitrosothiol (SNO) modified organosilica nanoparticles with a tetrasulfide-containing composition produced a higher level of intracellular NO than their bare silica counterparts in macrophages. Enhanced intracellular delivery of NO resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction and disruption of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, leading to macrophage activation and delayed tumor growth. This study provides insights on intracellularly delivered NO for regulating the polarization of macrophages and cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shevanuja Theivendran
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Zhengying Gu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yannan Yang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hao Song
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yang Yang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Min Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Dan Cheng
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Chengzhong Yu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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13
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Mitochondrial Proteins as Source of Cancer Neoantigens. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052627. [PMID: 35269772 PMCID: PMC8909979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, anti-tumour immune responses have been successfully exploited to improve the outcome of patients with different cancers. Significant progress has been made in taking advantage of different types of T cell functions for therapeutic purposes. Despite these achievements, only a subset of patients respond favorably to immunotherapy. Therefore, there is a need of novel approaches to improve the effector functions of immune cells and to recognize the major targets of anti-tumour immunity. A major hallmark of cancer is metabolic rewiring associated with switch of mitochondrial functions. These changes are a consequence of high energy demand and increased macromolecular synthesis in cancer cells. Such adaptations in tumour cells might generate novel targets of tumour therapy, including the generation of neoantigens. Here, we review the most recent advances in research on the immune response to mitochondrial proteins in different cellular conditions.
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14
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Samaržija I. Post-Translational Modifications That Drive Prostate Cancer Progression. Biomolecules 2021; 11:247. [PMID: 33572160 PMCID: PMC7915076 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While a protein primary structure is determined by genetic code, its specific functional form is mostly achieved in a dynamic interplay that includes actions of many enzymes involved in post-translational modifications. This versatile repertoire is widely used by cells to direct their response to external stimuli, regulate transcription and protein localization and to keep proteostasis. Herein, post-translational modifications with evident potency to drive prostate cancer are explored. A comprehensive list of proteome-wide and single protein post-translational modifications and their involvement in phenotypic outcomes is presented. Specifically, the data on phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, acetylation, and lipidation in prostate cancer and the enzymes involved are collected. This type of knowledge is especially valuable in cases when cancer cells do not differ in the expression or mutational status of a protein, but its differential activity is regulated on the level of post-translational modifications. Since their driving roles in prostate cancer, post-translational modifications are widely studied in attempts to advance prostate cancer treatment. Current strategies that exploit the potential of post-translational modifications in prostate cancer therapy are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Samaržija
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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15
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Mohamed Isa ED, Ahmad H, Abdul Rahman MB, Gill MR. Progress in Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Agents for Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:152. [PMID: 33498885 PMCID: PMC7911720 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment and therapy have made significant leaps and bounds in these past decades. However, there are still cases where surgical removal is impossible, metastases are challenging, and chemotherapy and radiotherapy pose severe side effects. Therefore, a need to find more effective and specific treatments still exists. One way is through the utilization of drug delivery agents (DDA) based on nanomaterials. In 2001, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were first used as DDA and have gained considerable attention in this field. The popularity of MSNs is due to their unique properties such as tunable particle and pore size, high surface area and pore volume, easy functionalization and surface modification, high stability and their capability to efficiently entrap cargo molecules. This review describes the latest advancement of MSNs as DDA for cancer treatment. We focus on the fabrication of MSNs, the challenges in DDA development and how MSNs address the problems through the development of smart DDA using MSNs. Besides that, MSNs have also been applied as a multifunctional DDA where they can serve in both the diagnostic and treatment of cancer. Overall, we argue MSNs provide a bright future for both the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleen Dayana Mohamed Isa
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia;
| | - Haslina Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43000, Malaysia;
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | | | - Martin R. Gill
- Department of Chemistry, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK;
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