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Costa S, Aristov MM, Lim SH, Chui SM, Espinoza KA, Olmstead MM, Fettinger JC, Berry JF, Balch AL. Molecular Flexibility in Solvated Crystals of the Dimer, Au 2(μ-1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane) 2I 2, with Three-Coordinate Gold(I). Inorg Chem 2024; 63:12752-12763. [PMID: 38953682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
We report the ability to trap the dimer Au2(μ-dppe)2I2 (dppe is 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane) with different separations between the three-coordinate gold ions in crystalline solvates. All of these solvates ((Au2(μ-dppe)2I2·4(CH2Cl2) (1), Au2(μ-dppe)2I2·2(CH2Cl2) (2), the polymorphs α-Au2(μ-dppe)2I2·2(HC(O)NMe2) (3) and β-Au2(μ-dppe)2I2·2(HC(O)NMe2) (4), and Au2(μ-dppe)2I2·4(CHCl3) (5)) along with polymeric {Au(μ-dppe)I}n·n(CHCl3) (6)) originated from the same reaction, only the solvent system used for crystallization differed. In the different solvates of Au2(μ-dppe)2I2, the Au···Au separation varied from 3.192(1) to 3.7866(3) Å. Computational studies undertaken to understand the flexible nature of these dimers indicated that the structural differences were primarily a result of crystal packing effects with aurophillic interactions having a minimal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Costa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Michael M Aristov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Sang Ho Lim
- Nuclear Chemistry Technology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah M Chui
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Katelyn A Espinoza
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Marilyn M Olmstead
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - James C Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - John F Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Alan L Balch
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Moreno S, Royo D, El-Hachimi AG, Rodríguez-Castillo M, Monge M, Olmos ME, López-de-Luzuriaga JM. Vapochromic behaviour of a gold(I)-lead(II) complex as a VOC sensor. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:17119-17131. [PMID: 37800283 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02000b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The reaction among [Au2Ag2(C6F5)4(OEt2)2]n, PbCl2 and terpyridine leads to the polymeric complex [{Au(C6F5)2}2{Pb(terpy)}]n (1). Its crystal structure reveals potential voids close to the lead centres large enough to hold different molecules. The availability of these free sites allows complex 1 to act as a VOC sensor. Thus, when 1 is exposed to different solvent vapours such as acetonitrile, toluene or THF, variations in its solid appearance and its photophysical properties are observed as a consequence of the formation of the new polymorphs [{Au(C6F5)2}2{Pb(terpy)(CH3CN)2}]n (2), [{Au(C6F5)2}2{Pb(terpy)}]n·Tol (3) and [{Au(C6F5)2}2{Pb(terpy)(THF)}]n·THF (4). Each polymorph displays a different emission energy depending on its structure and the presence of metallophilic interactions. In addition, the reversible solvent molecule exchange allows the tuning of the luminescence emissions in the greenish yellow-red range. DFT and TD-DFT calculations were performed to explain the origin of the luminescence of all these complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Moreno
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Complejo Científico-Tecnológico, 26006 - Logroño, Spain.
| | - David Royo
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Complejo Científico-Tecnológico, 26006 - Logroño, Spain.
| | - Abdel G El-Hachimi
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Complejo Científico-Tecnológico, 26006 - Logroño, Spain.
| | - María Rodríguez-Castillo
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Complejo Científico-Tecnológico, 26006 - Logroño, Spain.
| | - Miguel Monge
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Complejo Científico-Tecnológico, 26006 - Logroño, Spain.
| | - M Elena Olmos
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Complejo Científico-Tecnológico, 26006 - Logroño, Spain.
| | - José M López-de-Luzuriaga
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Complejo Científico-Tecnológico, 26006 - Logroño, Spain.
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Costa S, Walters DT, McNamara LE, Olmstead MM, Fettinger JC, Balch AL. Structure and Luminescence Studies of Salts of the Helical Dication, [Au 2(μ-bis(diphenylphosphine)ethane) 2] 2+ and Comparison with Salts of [Au 2(μ-bis(diphenylphosphine)propane) 2] 2. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:15902-15911. [PMID: 37721543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Six salts ([Au2(μ-dppe)2](BF4)2·CHCl3, [Au2(μ-dppe)2](BF4)2·1,2-Cl2C2H4, [Au2(μ-dppe)2](PF6)2·CHCl3, [Au2(μ-dppe)2](PF6)2, [Au2(μ-dppe)2](SbF6)2, and [Au2(μ-dppe)2](OTf)2·2CHCl3), (dppe is bis(diphenylphosphine)ethane) containing the dication, [Au2(μ-dppe)2]2+, have been prepared and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Unlike the three-coordinate dppe-bridged dimers, Au2X2(μ-dppe)2 (X = Br, I), which show considerable variation in the distance between the gold(I) ions over the range 3.0995(10) to 3.8479(3) Å in various solvates, the structure of the helical dication, [Au2(μ-dppe)2], in the new salts is remarkably consistent with the Au···Au separation falling in the narrow range 2.8787(9) to 2.9593(5) Å. In the solid state, the six crystals display a green luminescence both at room temperature and at 77 K, which has been assigned as phosphorescence. However, solutions of the dication are not luminescent. Salts containing the analogous dication [Au2(μ-dppp)2](PF6)2 (dppp is bis(diphenylphosphine)propane) have been prepared to determine whether the longer bridging ligand might also twist into a helical shape. These salts include [Au2(μ-dppp)2](OTf)2 (OTf is triflate) and three crystalline forms of [Au2(μ-dppp)2](PF6)2: the solvate [Au2(μ-dppp)2](PF6)2·(CHCl3) and two polymorphs of the unsolvated salt. None of these crystals are luminescent, but all contain a similar dication, [Au2(μ-dppp)2]2+, that contains two nearly parallel, linear P-Au-P groups and a long separation between the gold ions that varies from 5.3409(4) to 5.6613(6)Å.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Costa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, California 05616, United States
| | - Daniel T Walters
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, California 05616, United States
| | - Lauren E McNamara
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, California 05616, United States
| | - Marilyn M Olmstead
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, California 05616, United States
| | - James C Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, California 05616, United States
| | - Alan L Balch
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, California 05616, United States
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Walters DT, Aristov MM, Babadi Aghakhanpour R, SantaLucia DJ, Costa S, Olmstead MM, Berry JF, Balch AL. Self-Assembled Encapsulation of CuX 2- (X = Br, Cl) in a Gold Phosphine Box-like Cavity with Metallophilic Au-Cu Interactions. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:4467-4475. [PMID: 36897254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic routes to the crystallization of two new box-like complexes, [Au6(Triphos)4(CuBr2)](OTf)5·(CH2Cl2)3·(CH3OH)3·(H2O)4 (1) and [Au6(Triphos)4 (CuCl2)](PF6)5·(CH2Cl2)4 (2) (triphos = bis(2-diphenylphosphinoethyl)phenylphosphine), have been developed. The two centrosymmetric cationic complexes have been structurally characterized through single-crystal X-ray diffraction and shown to contain a CuX2- (X = Br or Cl) unit suspended between two Au(I) centers without the involvement of bridging ligands. These colorless crystals display green luminescence (λem = 527 nm) for (1) and teal luminescence (λem = 464 nm) for (2). Computational results document the metallophilic interactions that are involved in positioning the Cu(I) center between the two Au(I) ions and in the luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Walters
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 05616, United States
| | - Michael M Aristov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Reza Babadi Aghakhanpour
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 05616, United States
| | - Daniel J SantaLucia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Sarah Costa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 05616, United States
| | - Marilyn M Olmstead
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 05616, United States
| | - John F Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Alan L Balch
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 05616, United States
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Wei X, Chu K, Adsetts JR, Li H, Kang X, Ding Z, Zhu M. Nanocluster Transformation Induced by SbF 6- Anions toward Boosting Photochemical Activities. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20421-20433. [PMID: 36260434 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The interactions between SbF6- and metal nanoclusters are of significance for customizing clusters from both structure and property aspects; however, the whole-segment monitoring of this customization remains challenging. In this work, by controlling the amount of introduced SbF6- anions, the step-by-step nanocluster evolutions from [Pt1Ag28(S-Adm)18(PPh3)4]Cl2 (Pt1Ag28-Cl) to [Pt1Ag28(S-Adm)18(PPh3)4](SbF6)2 (Pt1Ag28-SbF6) and then to [Pt1Ag30Cl1(S-Adm)18(PPh3)3](SbF6)3 (Pt1Ag30-SbF6) have been mapped out with X-ray crystallography, with which atomic-level SbF6- counterion effects in reconstructing and rearranging nanoclusters are determined. The structure-dependent optical properties, including optical absorption, photoluminescence, and electrochemiluminescence (ECL), of these nanoclusters are then explored. Notably, the Pt1Ag30-SbF6 nanocluster was ultrabright with a high phosphorescence quantum yield of 85% in N2-purged solutions, while Pt1Ag28 nanoclusters were fluorescent with weaker emission intensities. Furthermore, Pt1Ag30-SbF6 displayed superior ECL efficiency over Pt1Ag28-SbF6, which was rationalized by its increased effectively exposed reactive facets. Both Pt1Ag30-SbF6 and Pt1Ag28-SbF6 demonstrated unprecedented high absolute ECL quantum efficiencies at sub-micromolar concentrations. This work is of great significance for revealing the SbF6- counterion effects on the control of both structures and luminescent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui230601, China
| | - Kenneth Chu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, LondonOntarioN6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Jonathan Ralph Adsetts
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, LondonOntarioN6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui230601, China
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui230601, China
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, LondonOntarioN6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui230601, China
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6
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Zhang D, Suzuki S, Naota T. Rapid Luminescent Enhancement Triggered by One‐shot Needlestick‐stimulus Using a Liquescent Gold(I) Salt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Shuichi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Takeshi Naota
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
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Zhang D, Suzuki S, Naota T. Rapid Luminescent Enhancement Triggered by One-shot Needlestick-stimulus Using a Liquescent Gold(I) Salt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19701-19704. [PMID: 34180117 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Luminescence from a gold(I) complex with an N-heterocycliccarbene-based ligand, 1+ ⋅NTf2 - , increased rapidly upon the application of one-shot needlestick-stimulus. The weakly orange-emitting solid-state of 1+ ⋅NTf2 - was prepared by cooling its melted liquid to 90 °C. Upon applying a weak pinpoint stimulus with a needle, this weakly orange-emitting solid state transformed into an intensively violet-blue-emitting state on a timescale of seconds. The emission after applying the stimulus could be visualized upon UV excitation even under ambient room light. This sequential phase transition from a stable solid to a liquid and then to a metastable solid could occur repeatedly without any measurable degradation of the complex. Various shapes could be prepared by casting the liquid-state complex into molds of different designs. This rapid response is thought to be triggered by the flexible intermolecular interactions in the kinetically generated aggregates formed upon cooling the liquid state, and by the strong Au-Au interactions in the thermodynamically stable crystals after applying the needlestick-stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Shuichi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Takeshi Naota
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
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Luong LMC, Olmstead MM, Balch AL. A non-luminescent polymorph of [(cyclohexyl isocyanide) 2Au]PF 6 that becomes luminescent upon grinding or exposure to dichloromethane vapor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:793-796. [PMID: 33355566 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06161a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of a third, non-luminescent crystalline polymorph of [(C6H11NC)2Au]PF6 is reported. Remarkably, crystals of this polymorph are sensitive to mechanical pressure or to exposure to dichloromethane vapor. In both cases, the conversion produces the yellow, green luminescent polymorph of [(C6H11NC)2Au]PF6 and not the colorless, blue luminescent polymorph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy M C Luong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
| | - Marilyn M Olmstead
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
| | - Alan L Balch
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
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