1
|
Kenny J, Neefe SR, Brandner DG, Stone ML, Happs RM, Kumaniaev I, Mounfield WP, Harman-Ware AE, Devos KM, Pendergast TH, Medlin JW, Román-Leshkov Y, Beckham GT. Design and Validation of a High-Throughput Reductive Catalytic Fractionation Method. JACS AU 2024; 4:2173-2187. [PMID: 38938803 PMCID: PMC11200236 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) is a promising method to extract and depolymerize lignin from biomass, and bench-scale studies have enabled considerable progress in the past decade. RCF experiments are typically conducted in pressurized batch reactors with volumes ranging between 50 and 1000 mL, limiting the throughput of these experiments to one to six reactions per day for an individual researcher. Here, we report a high-throughput RCF (HTP-RCF) method in which batch RCF reactions are conducted in 1 mL wells machined directly into Hastelloy reactor plates. The plate reactors can seal high pressures produced by organic solvents by vertically stacking multiple reactor plates, leading to a compact and modular system capable of performing 240 reactions per experiment. Using this setup, we screened solvent mixtures and catalyst loadings for hydrogen-free RCF using 50 mg poplar and 0.5 mL reaction solvent. The system of 1:1 isopropanol/methanol showed optimal monomer yields and selectivity to 4-propyl substituted monomers, and validation reactions using 75 mL batch reactors produced identical monomer yields. To accommodate the low material loadings, we then developed a workup procedure for parallel filtration, washing, and drying of samples and a 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy method to measure the RCF oil yield without performing liquid-liquid extraction. As a demonstration of this experimental pipeline, 50 unique switchgrass samples were screened in RCF reactions in the HTP-RCF system, revealing a wide range of monomer yields (21-36%), S/G ratios (0.41-0.93), and oil yields (40-75%). These results were successfully validated by repeating RCF reactions in 75 mL batch reactors for a subset of samples. We anticipate that this approach can be used to rapidly screen substrates, catalysts, and reaction conditions in high-pressure batch reactions with higher throughput than standard batch reactors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob
K. Kenny
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Center
for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Sasha R. Neefe
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Center
for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - David G. Brandner
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Center
for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Michael L. Stone
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Center
for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Renee M. Happs
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Center
for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Ivan Kumaniaev
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - William P. Mounfield
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Anne E. Harman-Ware
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Center
for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Katrien M. Devos
- Center
for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
- Institute
of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department
of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of
Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department
of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Thomas H. Pendergast
- Center
for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
- Institute
of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department
of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of
Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department
of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - J. Will Medlin
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Yuriy Román-Leshkov
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gregg T. Beckham
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Center
for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhu L, Cui C, Xiao X, Zhang J, Kuang X, Liu H, Zhou Z, Qi F. Online Compositional Analysis of Complex Oligomers in Biomass Degradation by High-Pressure Flow-Through Reactor Coupled with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8657-8664. [PMID: 38738643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Online analysis of the composition and evolution of complex oligomeric intermediates in biomass degradation is highly desirable to elucidate the mechanism of bond cleavage and study the effect of conditions on the selective conversion of feedstocks. However, harsh reaction conditions and complicated conversion systems pose tremendous challenges for conventional, state-of-the-art analytical techniques. Herein, we introduce a continuous and rapid compositional analysis strategy coupling a high-pressure flow-through reactor with online high-resolution mass spectrometry, which enables the molecular-level characterization of most biomass-related products throughout the conversion for over 2 h. Catalytic depolymerization of one model compound was studied, and temperature-dependent data of over 50 intermediates as well as recondensation dimers and oligomers were obtained, which have rarely been reported in the literature. Thousands of products during the flow-through conversion of birch wood with molecular weights up to 1000 Da were presented, and 8 typical lignin dimers and oligomers with various interunit linkages were identified at the molecular level, demonstrating the potential to analyze more complicated systems far beyond conventional methods, especially for complex oligomers. The continuous evolutions of different components and typical products were unveiled for the first time, providing valuable insights into the investigation of the structure, composition, and decomposition mechanism of lignocellulose as well as the influence of reaction conditions. This method leads to the previously unattained ability to probe and reveal complicated chemical compositions in high-pressure reactions and can be applied to all other high-pressure heterogeneous aqueous reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linyu Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Cunhao Cui
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Xintong Xiao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Xun Kuang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Haoran Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyue Zhou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Fei Qi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu X, Smet E, Brandi F, Raikwar D, Zhang Z, Maes BUW, Sels BF. Advancements and Perspectives toward Lignin Valorization via O-Demethylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317257. [PMID: 38128012 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Lignin represents the largest aromatic carbon resource in plants, holding significant promise as a renewable feedstock for bioaromatics and other cyclic hydrocarbons in the context of the circular bioeconomy. However, the methoxy groups of aryl methyl ethers, abundantly found in technical lignins and lignin-derived chemicals, limit their pertinent chemical reactivity and broader applicability. Unlocking the phenolic hydroxyl functionality through O-demethylation (ODM) has emerged as a valuable approach to mitigate this need and enables further applications. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the progress in the valorization of technical lignin and lignin-derived chemicals via ODM, both catalytic and non-catalytic reactions. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the properties and potential applications of the O-demethylated products is presented, accompanied by a systematic overview of available ODM reactions. This review primarily focuses on enhancing the phenolic hydroxyl content in lignin-derived species through ODM, showcasing its potential in the catalytic funneling of lignin and value-added applications. A comprehensive synopsis and future outlook are included in the concluding section of this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wu
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ewoud Smet
- Organic Synthesis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Francesco Brandi
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Deepak Raikwar
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zhenlei Zhang
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert U W Maes
- Organic Synthesis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bert F Sels
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Castillo-Garcia AA, Kappe CO, Cantillo D, Barta K. Aniline Derivatives from Lignin under Mild Conditions Enabled by Electrochemistry. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301374. [PMID: 37988183 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The development of environmentally friendly methods for the valorization of important phenolic platform chemicals originating directly from lignin-first depolymerization into value-added N-chemicals, such as aniline derivatives, is of high industrial interest. In this work, we tackle this challenging transformation by the judicious combination of electrochemical conversion and chemical functionalization steps. In the first step, lignin-derived para-substituted guaiacols and syringols undergo an atom-efficient, room-temperature anodic oxidation using methanol both as solvent and reagent towards the formation of the corresponding cyclohexadienone derivatives, which are subsequently converted to synthetically challenging ortho-methoxy substituted anilines by reaction with ethyl glycinate hydrochloride under mild conditions. The developed method was applied to crude lignin depolymerization bio-oils, derived from reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) mediated either by copper-doped porous metal oxide (Cu20 PMO) or Ru/C, allowing the selective production of 4-propanol-2-methoxyaniline (1Gb) and 4-propyl-2-methoxyaniline (2Gb), respectively, from pine lignocellulose. Finally, the application of 2Gb was further studied in the synthesis of carbazole 2Gc, a lignin-derived analogue of biologically active alkaloid murrayafoline A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio A Castillo-Garcia
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinchstrasse 28, A-8010, Graz, Austria
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinchstrasse 28, A-8010, Graz, Austria
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - David Cantillo
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinchstrasse 28, A-8010, Graz, Austria
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Katalin Barta
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinchstrasse 28, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gu NX, Palumbo CT, Bleem AC, Sullivan KP, Haugen SJ, Woodworth SP, Ramirez KJ, Kenny JK, Stanley LD, Katahira R, Stahl SS, Beckham GT. Autoxidation Catalysis for Carbon-Carbon Bond Cleavage in Lignin. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:2277-2285. [PMID: 38161372 PMCID: PMC10755848 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Selective lignin depolymerization is a key step in lignin valorization to value-added products, and there are multiple catalytic methods to cleave labile aryl-ether bonds in lignin. However, the overall aromatic monomer yield is inherently limited by refractory carbon-carbon linkages, which are abundant in lignin and remain intact during most selective lignin deconstruction processes. In this work, we demonstrate that a Co/Mn/Br-based catalytic autoxidation method promotes carbon-carbon bond cleavage in acetylated lignin oligomers produced from reductive catalytic fractionation. The oxidation products include acetyl vanillic acid and acetyl vanillin, which are ideal substrates for bioconversion. Using an engineered strain of Pseudomonas putida, we demonstrate the conversion of these aromatic monomers to cis,cis-muconic acid. Overall, this study demonstrates that autoxidation enables higher yields of bioavailable aromatic monomers, exceeding the limits set by ether-bond cleavage alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina X. Gu
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Chad T. Palumbo
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Alissa C. Bleem
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Kevin P. Sullivan
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Stefan J. Haugen
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Sean P. Woodworth
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Kelsey J. Ramirez
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jacob K. Kenny
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Lisa D. Stanley
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Rui Katahira
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United
States
| | - Gregg T. Beckham
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Davidson DJ, Lu F, Faas L, Dawson DM, Warren GP, Panovic I, Montgomery JRD, Ma X, Bosilkov BG, Slawin AMZ, Lebl T, Chatzifragkou A, Robinson S, Ashbrook SE, Shaw LJ, Lambert S, Van Damme I, Gomez LD, Charalampopoulos D, Westwood NJ. Organosolv Pretreatment of Cocoa Pod Husks: Isolation, Analysis, and Use of Lignin from an Abundant Waste Product. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:14323-14333. [PMID: 37799817 PMCID: PMC10548466 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c03670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Cocoa pod husks (CPHs) represent an underutilized component of the chocolate manufacturing process. While industry's current focus is understandably on the cocoa beans, the husks make up around 75 wt % of the fruit. Previous studies have been dominated by the carbohydrate polymers present in CPHs, but this work highlights the presence of the biopolymer lignin in this biomass. An optimized organosolv lignin isolation protocol was developed, delivering significant practical improvements. This new protocol may also prove to be useful for agricultural waste-derived biomasses in general. NMR analysis of the high quality lignin led to an improved structural understanding, with evidence provided to support deacetylation of the lignin occurring during the optimized pretreatment. Chemical transformation, using a tosylation, azidation, copper-catalyzed click protocol, delivered a modified lignin oligomer with an organophosphorus motif attached. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to demonstrate the oligomer's potential as a flame-retardant. Preliminary analysis of the other product streams isolated from the CPHs was also carried out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Davidson
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Fei Lu
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Faas
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M Dawson
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey P Warren
- Soil Research Centre, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AB, United Kingdom
| | - Isabella Panovic
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - James R D Montgomery
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Boris G Bosilkov
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas Lebl
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Afroditi Chatzifragkou
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Robinson
- Soil Research Centre, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AB, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon E Ashbrook
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Liz J Shaw
- Soil Research Centre, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AB, United Kingdom
| | - Smilja Lambert
- Mars Wrigley Australia, Ring Road, Wendouree, VIC 3355, Australia
| | - Isabella Van Damme
- Mars Wrigley Confectionery UK Ltd., Slough, Berkshire, SL1 4LG, United Kingdom
| | - Leonardo D Gomez
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitris Charalampopoulos
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Westwood
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu X, De Bruyn M, Barta K. Deriving high value products from depolymerized lignin oil, aided by (bio)catalytic funneling strategies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:9929-9951. [PMID: 37526604 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01555f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Lignin holds tremendous and versatile possibilities to produce value-added chemicals and high performing polymeric materials. Over the years, different cutting-edge lignin depolymerization methodologies have been developed, mainly focusing on achieving excellent yields of mono-phenolic products, some even approaching the theoretical maximum. However, due to lignin's inherent heterogeneity and recalcitrance, its depolymerization leads to relatively complex product streams, also containing dimers, and higher molecular weight fragments in substantial quantities. The subsequent chemo-catalytic valorization of these higher molecular weight streams, containing difficult-to-break, mainly C-C covalent bonds, is tremendously challenging, and has consequently received much less attention. In this minireview, we present an overview of recent advances on the development of sustainable biorefinery strategies aimed at the production of well-defined chemicals and polymeric materials, the prime focus being on depolymerized lignin oils, containing high molecular weight fractions. The key central unit operation to achieve this is (bio)catalytic funneling, which holds great potential to overcome separation and purification challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianyuan Wu
- University of Groningen, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mario De Bruyn
- University of Graz, Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrichstrasse 28/II, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Katalin Barta
- University of Groningen, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Graz, Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrichstrasse 28/II, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhou H, Liu X, Guo Y, Wang Y. Self-Hydrogen Supplied Catalytic Fractionation of Raw Biomass into Lignin-Derived Phenolic Monomers and Cellulose-Rich Pulps. JACS AU 2023; 3:1911-1917. [PMID: 37502153 PMCID: PMC10369670 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the most well-studied and promising green carbon sources. The fullest utilization of lignocellulosic biomass in hydrogen-free and mild conditions to produce phenolic monomers while preserving cellulose-rich pulps is challenging and has far-reaching significance. Here, we report an innovative strategy to convert lignocellulosic biomass into lignin oils and cellulose-rich pulps without exogenous hydrogen under mild conditions over a Pt/NiAl2O4 catalyst. In this process, the structural hydrogens in hemicellulose acted as a hydrogen source to realize the fractionation and depolymerization of lignin into phenolic monomers while keeping the cellulose intact, which is named self-hydrogen supplied catalytic fractionation (SCF). By using water as a solvent, the theoretical yield of phenolic monomers (46.6 wt %, with propyl(ethyl) end-chained syringol and guaiacol as main products) is achieved at 140 °C for 24 h, with 90% cellulose intact in birch sawdust. This H2-free process can be extended to other biomass (hardwood, softwood, and grass) and can be scaled up. The Pt/NiAl2O4 catalyst also shows good stability in recycling as well as regeneration treatment. This work provides a new strategy to achieve high utilization of lignocellulosic biomass for sustainable biorefinery by using water as a solvent without exogenous hydrogen under mild conditions.
Collapse
|
9
|
Blindheim FH, Ruwoldt J. The Effect of Sample Preparation Techniques on Lignin Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2901. [PMID: 37447546 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The characterization and quantification of functional groups in technical lignins are among the chief obstacles of the utilization of this highly abundant biopolymer. Although several techniques were developed for this purpose, there is still a need for quick, cost-efficient, and reliable quantification methods for lignin. In this paper, three sampling techniques for fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively, delineating how these affected the resultant spectra. The attenuated total reflectance (ATR) of neat powders and DMSO-d6 solutions, as well as transmission FTIR using the KBr pelleting method (0.5 wt%), were investigated and compared for eight lignin samples. The ATR of neat lignins provided a quick and easy method, but the signal-to-noise ratios in the afforded spectra were limited. The ATR of the DMSO-d6 solutions was highly concentration dependent, but at a 30 wt%, acceptable signal-to-noise ratios were obtained, allowing for the lignins to be studied in the dissolved state. The KBr pelleting method gave a significant improvement in the smoothness and resolution of the resultant spectra compared to the ATR techniques. Subsequently, the content of phenolic OH groups was calculated from each FTIR mode, and the best correlation was seen between the transmission mode using KBr pellets and the ATR of the neat samples (R2 = 0.9995). Using the titration measurements, the total OH and the phenolic OH group content of the lignin samples were determined as well. These results were then compared to the FTIR results, which revealed an under-estimation of the phenolic OH groups from the non-aqueous potentiometric titration, which was likely due to the differences in the pKa between the lignin and the calibration standard 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Further, a clear correlation was found between the lower Mn and the increased phenolic OH group content via SEC analyses. The work outlined in this paper give complementary views on the characterization and quantification of technical lignin samples via FTIR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jost Ruwoldt
- RISE PFI AS, Høgskoleringen 6B, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Selective Enzymatic Esterification of Lignin-Derived Phenolics for the Synthesis of Lipophilic Antioxidants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030657. [PMID: 36978906 PMCID: PMC10045519 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignin is an abundant and renewable source of phenolic compounds that can be used as natural antioxidants to substitute synthetic, petroleum-based alternatives. The development of lignin depolymerization techniques has improved the accessibility of low-molecular-weight phenolic fractions with enhanced antioxidant activity compared to native lignin. The selective esterification of the aliphatic OH groups in these compounds is necessary in order to increase their compatibility with hydrophobic product matrixes, while preserving their antioxidant capacity. In the present work, lipase was chosen as a selective catalyst for the esterification of the monolignol dihydroconiferyl alcohol (DCA), in order to target the esterification of aliphatic OHs without modifying the aromatic groups. The reaction was studied under solvent-assisted and solvent-free conditions, using different fatty acids and substrate ratios. A product yield of 97% could be obtained after 24 h in a solvent-assisted reaction with 2 molar equivalents of fatty acid, or after 3 h in a solvent-free reaction with 10 molar equivalents of the fatty acid. The esterified monolignol showed relevant long-term radical scavenging activity, comparable to other commercial, petroleum-based antioxidants. Different lignin fractions were also used as substrates for enzymatic esterification with different fatty acids, resulting in esterification degrees of 20–58% (of the total aliphatic OH), depending on the specific combination of fatty acid–lignin fractions.
Collapse
|
11
|
Rinken R, Posthuma D, Rinaldi R. Lignin Stabilization and Carbohydrate Nature in H-transfer Reductive Catalytic Fractionation: The Role of Solvent Fractionation of Lignin Oil in Structural Profiling. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202201875. [PMID: 36469562 PMCID: PMC10108069 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Reductive Catalytic Fractionation (RCF) of lignocellulosic materials produces lignin oil rich in monomer products and high-quality cellulosic pulps. RCF lignin oil also contains lignin oligomers/polymers and hemicellulose-derived carbohydrates. The variety of components makes lignin oil a complex matrix for analytical methods. As a result, the signals are often convoluted and overlapped, making detecting and quantifying key intermediates challenging. Therefore, to investigate the mechanisms underlining lignin stabilization and elucidate the structural features of carbohydrates occurring in the RCF lignin oil, fractionation methods reducing the RCF lignin oil complexity are required. This report examines the solvent fractionation of RCF lignin oil as a facile method for producing lignin oil fractions for advanced characterization. Solvent fractionation uses small volumes of environmentally benign solvents (methanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate) to produce multigram lignin fractions comprising products in different molecular weight ranges. This feature allows the determination of structural heterogeneity across the entire molecular weight distribution of the RCF lignin oil by high-resolution HSQC NMR spectroscopy. This study provides detailed insight into the role of the hydrogenation catalyst (Raney Ni) in stabilizing lignin fragments and defining the structural features of hemicellulose-derived carbohydrates in lignin oil obtained by the H-transfer RCF process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raul Rinken
- Department of Chemical EngineeringImperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusSW7 2AZLondonUK
| | - Dean Posthuma
- Department of Chemical EngineeringImperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusSW7 2AZLondonUK
| | - Roberto Rinaldi
- Department of Chemical EngineeringImperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusSW7 2AZLondonUK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang H, Giardino GJ, Chen R, Yang C, Niu J, Wang D. Photocatalytic Depolymerization of Native Lignin toward Chemically Recyclable Polymer Networks. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:48-55. [PMID: 36712484 PMCID: PMC9881207 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As an inedible component of biomass, lignin features rich functional groups that are desired for chemical syntheses. How to effectively depolymerize lignin without compromising the more valuable cellulose and hemicellulose has been a significant challenge. Existing biomass processing procedures either induce extensive condensation in lignin that greatly hinders its chemical utilization or focus on fully depolymerizing lignin to produce monomers that are difficult to separate for subsequent chemical synthesis. Here, we report a new approach to selective partial depolymerization, which produces oligomers that can be readily converted to chemically recyclable polymer networks. The process takes advantage of the high selectivity of photocatalytic activation of the β-O-4 bond in lignin by tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT). The availability of exogenous electron mediators or scavengers promotes cleavage or oxidation of this bond, respectively, enabling high degrees of control over the depolymerization and the density of a key functional group, C=O, in the products. The resulting oligomers can then be readily utilized for the synthesis of polymer networks through reactions between C=O and branched -NH2 as a dynamic covalent cross-linker. Importantly, the resulting polymer network can be recycled to enable a circular economy of materials directly derived from biomass.
Collapse
|
13
|
Dong X, Mayes HB, Morreel K, Katahira R, Li Y, Ralph J, Black BA, Beckham GT. Energy-Resolved Mass Spectrometry as a Tool for Identification of Lignin Depolymerization Products. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202201441. [PMID: 36197743 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is the largest source of bio-based aromatic compounds in nature, and its valorization is essential to the sustainability of lignocellulosic biorefining. Characterizing lignin-derived compounds remains challenging due to the heterogeneity of this biopolymer. Tandem mass spectrometry is a promising tool for lignin structural analytics, as fragmentation patterns of model compounds can be extrapolated to identify characteristic moieties in complex samples. This work extended previous resonance excitation-type collision-induced dissociation (CID) methods that identified lignin oligomers containing β-O-4, β-5, and β-β bonds, to also identify characteristics of 5-5, β-1, and 4-O-5 dimers, enabled by quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) CID with energy-resolved mass spectrometry (ERMS). Overall, QTOF-ERMS offers in-depth structural information and could ultimately contribute to tools for high-throughput lignin dimer identification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueming Dong
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Heather B Mayes
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Kris Morreel
- RIC Group, President Kennedypark 26, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Rui Katahira
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Yanding Li
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, 1552 University Ave., Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - John Ralph
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, 1552 University Ave., Madison, WI, 53726, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Dr, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Brenna A Black
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Gregg T Beckham
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li S, Park S, Sherman BD, Yoo CG, Leem G. Photoelectrochemical approaches for the conversion of lignin at room temperature. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:401-413. [PMID: 36519448 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05491d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The selective cleavage of C-C/C-O linkages represents a key step toward achieving the chemical conversion of biomass to targeted value-added chemical products under ambient conditions. Using photoelectrosynthetic solar cells is a promising method to address the energy intensive depolymerization of lignin for the production of biofuels and valuable chemicals. This feature article gives an in-depth overview of recent progress using dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthetic solar cells (DSPECs) to initiate the cleavage of C-C/C-O bonds in lignin and related model compounds. This approach takes advantage of N-oxyl mediated catalysis in organic electrolytes and presents a promising direction for the sustainable production of chemicals currently derived from fossil fuels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Li
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA.
| | - Seongsu Park
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA.
| | - Benjamin D Sherman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, USA
| | - Chang Geun Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA.,The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
| | - Gyu Leem
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA. .,The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Papp D, Rukkijakan T, Lebedeva D, Nylander T, Sandahl M, Samec JSM, Turner C. Single-Standard Quantification Strategy for Lignin Dimers by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography with Charged Aerosol Detection. Anal Chem 2022; 95:1436-1445. [PMID: 36548212 PMCID: PMC9850414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The increased interest in utilizing lignin as a feedstock to produce various aromatic compounds requires advanced chemical analysis methods to provide qualitative and quantitative characterization of lignin samples along different technology streamlines. However, due to the lack of commercially available chemical standards, routine quantification of industrially relevant lignin oligomers in complex lignin samples remains a challenge. This study presents a novel method for universal quantification of lignin dimers based on supercritical fluid chromatography with charged aerosol detection (CAD). A series of lignin-derived dimeric compounds that have been reported from reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) were synthesized and used as standards. The applicability of using linear regression instead of quadratic calibration curves was evaluated over a concentration range of 15-125 mg/L, demonstrating that the former calibration method is as appropriate as the latter. The response factors of lignin dimeric compounds were compared to assess the uniformity of the CAD signal, revealing that the CAD response for the tested lignin dimers did not differ substantially. It was also found that the response factors were not dependent on the number of methoxy groups or linkage motifs, ultimately enabling the use of only one calibrant for these compounds. The importance of chromatographic peak resolution in CAD was stressed, and the use of a digital peak sharpening technique was adopted and applied to address this challenge. The developed method was verified and used for the quantification of lignin dimers in an oil obtained by a RCF of birch sawdust.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Papp
- Lund
University, Department of Chemistry,
Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, P.O.
Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Thanya Rukkijakan
- Stockholm
University, Department of Organic
Chemistry, Svante Arrhenius
väg 16C, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daria Lebedeva
- Stockholm
University, Department of Organic
Chemistry, Svante Arrhenius
väg 16C, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tommy Nylander
- Lund
University, Department of Chemistry, Physical
Chemistry, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Margareta Sandahl
- Lund
University, Department of Chemistry,
Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, P.O.
Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Joseph S. M. Samec
- Stockholm
University, Department of Organic
Chemistry, Svante Arrhenius
väg 16C, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden,
| | - Charlotta Turner
- Lund
University, Department of Chemistry,
Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, P.O.
Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Han S, Wang R, Wang K, Jiang J, Xu J. Low-condensed lignin and high-purity cellulose production from poplar by synergistic deep eutectic solvent-hydrogenolysis pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127905. [PMID: 36087647 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper presented a green and environmentally friendly method to obtain lignin with a structure similar to milled wood lignin (MWL) and high-purity cellulose from biomass in a two-step process. The first step, maleic acid (MA), choline chloride (ChCl), and ethylene glycol (EG) ternary deep eutectic solvent (DES) pretreatment was performed to obtain lignin with less-condensed structure. The results showed that the obtained lignin had similar properties to MWL under the condition (MA/ChCl/EG = 1:5:15, 80°C, 10 h). The DES recovered still had good cycle performance. The second step, the cellulose-rich residue was hydrogenated with isopropanol-water solvent and Raney nickel to obtain high-purity cellulose. The results showed that the purity of cellulose obtained by catalytic hydrogenolysis was > 94%. The glucose yield after enzymatic hydrolysis was 243.72 mg/g, which was 14.7 times higher than the untreated poplar. Overall, this work was of great significance for the effective separation of biomass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangmei Han
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Ruizhen Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Kui Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing 210042, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jianchun Jiang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing 210042, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Junming Xu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing 210042, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Al‐Naji M, Brandi F, Drieß M, Rosowski F. From Lignin to Chemicals: An Expedition from Classical to Modern Catalytic Valorization Technologies. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202200079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majd Al‐Naji
- Technische Universität Berlin BasCat – UniCat BASF JointLab Hardenbergstraße 36, Sekr. EW K-01 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Francesco Brandi
- KU Leuven Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Matthias Drieß
- Technische Universität Berlin BasCat – UniCat BASF JointLab Hardenbergstraße 36, Sekr. EW K-01 10623 Berlin Germany
- Technische Universität Berlin Department of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Straße des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Frank Rosowski
- Technische Universität Berlin BasCat – UniCat BASF JointLab Hardenbergstraße 36, Sekr. EW K-01 10623 Berlin Germany
- BASF SE Process Research and Chemical Engineering 67056 Ludwigshafen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Deciphering the nonlinear variation of subunits during the delignification of bamboo. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
19
|
Chen L, Liang Z, Zhang X, Zhang L, Wang S, Chen C, Zeng L, Min D. A facile and novel lignin isolation procedure – Methanolic hydrochloric acid treatment at ambient temperature. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1423-1432. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
20
|
De Smet G, Bai X, Mensch C, Sergeyev S, Evano G, Maes BUW. Selective Nickel‐Catalyzed Hydrodeacetoxylation of Aryl Acetates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201751. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gilles De Smet
- Organic Synthesis Division Department of Chemistry University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Xingfeng Bai
- Organic Synthesis Division Department of Chemistry University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Carl Mensch
- Organic Synthesis Division Department of Chemistry University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Sergey Sergeyev
- Organic Synthesis Division Department of Chemistry University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Gwilherm Evano
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Bert U. W. Maes
- Organic Synthesis Division Department of Chemistry University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang J, Minai E, Kawamoto H. Stable Oligomer Formation from Lignin by Pyrolysis of Softwood in an Aprotic Solvent with a Hydrogen Donor. Chemistry 2022; 11:e202200104. [PMID: 36101516 PMCID: PMC9471057 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pyrolysis of Japanese cedar wood in diphenoxybenzene (an aprotic solvent) with a hydrogen donor was investigated between 270–380 °C. Under these conditions, re‐condensation via radical and quinone methide intermediates was efficiently suppressed and a thermally stable oligomer was obtained. The oligomer was stable even after the treatment time was extended. Yields of lignin‐derived products at 270 °C were limited to approximately 20 wt %, but increased to >80 wt % (lignin basis) at the higher temperatures. The oligomer yield increased directly with the extent of the cellulose degradation at 350 °C. Based on the NMR analysis results, the ether bonds in lignin were largely cleaved, but condensed linkages such as β‐aryl and β‐β and 5‐5’ types remained. The γ‐hydroxypropyl group was identified as a typical side chain, formed by hydrogenation of the double bond of a coniferyl alcohol‐type structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Socio-Environmental Energy Science, Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Eiji Minai
- Department of Socio-Environmental Energy Science, Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Haruo Kawamoto
- Department of Socio-Environmental Energy Science, Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Escudero J, Mampuys P, Mensch C, Bheeter CB, Vroemans R, Orru RV, Harvey J, Maes BU. Synthesis of Heterocycles via Aerobic Ni-Catalyzed Imidoylation of Aromatic 1,2-Bis-nucleophiles with Isocyanides. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Escudero
- Division of Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp B-2020, Belgium
| | - Pieter Mampuys
- Division of Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp B-2020, Belgium
| | - Carl Mensch
- Division of Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp B-2020, Belgium
| | - Charles B. Bheeter
- Division of Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp B-2020, Belgium
| | - Robby Vroemans
- Division of Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp B-2020, Belgium
| | - Romano V.A. Orru
- Organic Chemistry, Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Maastricht University, Center Court, Urmonderbaan 22, Geleen 6167 RD, The Netherlands
| | - Jeremy Harvey
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven B3001, Belgium
| | - Bert U.W. Maes
- Division of Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp B-2020, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hu X, Wang H, Liu Q, Liao Y, Wang C, Ma L. Comparative study on the hydrogenolysis performance of solid residues from different bamboo pretreatments. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 352:127095. [PMID: 35367326 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Both alkaline organosolv and formaldehyde stabilization pretreatment can yield high-quality lignin by preventing condensation. For the hydrogenolysis of the pretreated solid residues, the highest yield of C2-C4 chemicals was 66.8% under alkaline organosolv pretreatment for 60 min. Specifically, the crimped fibers and residual lignin and hemicellulose increased the surface roughness of the residue by 40.6%, the crystallinity index decreased to 44.4%, and the crystal size was reduced to 2.15 nm, which in turn promoted hydrogenolysis of the residue. However, the increase of crystallinity and crystal size and the decrease in surface roughness of the formaldehyde stabilization pretreatment residue greatly hindered the conversion of polysaccharides. In addition, residual formaldehyde on the residue may also inhibit catalyst activity. Overall, this study provides novel perspectives on the full utilization of biomass, as well as new insights into the conversion of polysaccharides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Hu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qiying Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuhe Liao
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Longlong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Selective Nickel‐Catalyzed Hydrodeacetoxylation of Aryl Acetates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
25
|
Jedrzejczyk MA, Madelat N, Wouters B, Smeets H, Wolters M, Stepanova SA, Vangeel T, Van Aelst K, Van den Bosch S, Van Aelst J, Polizzi V, Servaes K, Vanbroekhoven K, Lagrain B, Sels BF, Terryn H, Bernaerts KV. Preparation of Renewable Thiol‐yne “Click” Networks Based on Fractionated Lignin for Anticorrosive Protective Films Applications. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika A. Jedrzejczyk
- Maastricht University Faculty of Science and Engineering Aachen‐Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM) Sustainable Polymer Synthesis Group Brightlands Chemelot Campus Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen The Netherlands
| | - Negin Madelat
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel Research Group Electrochemical and Surface Engineering Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Benny Wouters
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel Research Group Electrochemical and Surface Engineering Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Hans Smeets
- Zuyd University of Applied Science Research Centre Material Sciences Nieuw Eyckholt 300, 6419 DJ Heerlen The Netherlands
| | - Maartje Wolters
- Zuyd University of Applied Science Research Centre Material Sciences Nieuw Eyckholt 300, 6419 DJ Heerlen The Netherlands
| | - Svetlana A. Stepanova
- KU Leuven Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering Celestijnenlaan 200F Heverlee 3001 Belgium
| | - Thijs Vangeel
- KU Leuven Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering Celestijnenlaan 200F Heverlee 3001 Belgium
| | - Korneel Van Aelst
- KU Leuven Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering Celestijnenlaan 200F Heverlee 3001 Belgium
| | - Sander Van den Bosch
- KU Leuven Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering Celestijnenlaan 200F Heverlee 3001 Belgium
| | - Joost Van Aelst
- KU Leuven Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering Celestijnenlaan 200F Heverlee 3001 Belgium
| | - Viviana Polizzi
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research – VITO Separation and Conversion Technology Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol Belgium
| | - Kelly Servaes
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research – VITO Separation and Conversion Technology Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol Belgium
| | - Karolien Vanbroekhoven
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research – VITO Separation and Conversion Technology Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol Belgium
| | - Bert Lagrain
- KU Leuven Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering Celestijnenlaan 200F Heverlee 3001 Belgium
| | - Bert F. Sels
- KU Leuven Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering Celestijnenlaan 200F Heverlee 3001 Belgium
| | - Herman Terryn
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel Research Group Electrochemical and Surface Engineering Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Katrien V. Bernaerts
- Maastricht University Faculty of Science and Engineering Aachen‐Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM) Sustainable Polymer Synthesis Group Brightlands Chemelot Campus Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Scholten PBV, Figueirêdo MB. Back to the Future with Biorefineries: Bottom‐Up and Top‐Down Approaches toward Polymers and Monomers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip B. V. Scholten
- Bloom Biorenewables Route de l'Ancienne Papeterie 106 Case postal 146 Marly 1723 Switzerland
| | - Monique B. Figueirêdo
- Bloom Biorenewables Route de l'Ancienne Papeterie 106 Case postal 146 Marly 1723 Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jiang W, Cao JP, Yao NY, Xie JX, Zhao L, Yi FJ, Zhang C, Zhu C, Zhao XY, Zhao YP, Zhang JL. Hydrodeoxygenation of Lignin-Derived Diphenyl Ether to Cyclohexane over a Bifunctional Ru Supported on Synthesis HZSM-5 Catalyst under Mild Conditions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Fine Utilization of Carbon Resources, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Pei Cao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Fine Utilization of Carbon Resources, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Nai-Yu Yao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Fine Utilization of Carbon Resources, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin-Xuan Xie
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Fine Utilization of Carbon Resources, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Fine Utilization of Carbon Resources, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng-Jiao Yi
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Fine Utilization of Carbon Resources, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Fine Utilization of Carbon Resources, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Fine Utilization of Carbon Resources, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Fine Utilization of Carbon Resources, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun-Peng Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Fine Utilization of Carbon Resources, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jiang W, Cao JP, Xie JX, Zhao L, Zhang C, Zhu C, Zhao XY, Zhao YP, Zhang JL. MOF-derived Ru@ZIF-8 catalyst with the extremely low metal Ru loading for selective hydrogenolysis of C–O bonds in lignin model compounds under mild conditions. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01787j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A MOF-derived Ru@ZIF-8 catalyst with extremely low Ru loading effectively cleaved the C–O bonds of lignin model compounds under mild conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Fine Utilization of Carbon Resources, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Pei Cao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Fine Utilization of Carbon Resources, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Jin-Xuan Xie
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Fine Utilization of Carbon Resources, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Fine Utilization of Carbon Resources, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Fine Utilization of Carbon Resources, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Fine Utilization of Carbon Resources, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Fine Utilization of Carbon Resources, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun-Peng Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Fine Utilization of Carbon Resources, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Alvigini L, Gran-Scheuch A, Guo Y, Trajkovic M, Saifuddin M, Fraaije MW, Mattevi A. Discovery, Biocatalytic Exploration and Structural Analysis of a 4-Ethylphenol Oxidase from Gulosibacter chungangensis. Chembiochem 2021; 22:3225-3233. [PMID: 34523783 PMCID: PMC9293466 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The vanillyl‐alcohol oxidase (VAO) family is a rich source of biocatalysts for the oxidative bioconversion of phenolic compounds. Through genome mining and sequence comparisons, we found that several family members lack a generally conserved catalytic aspartate. This finding led us to study a VAO‐homolog featuring a glutamate residue in place of the common aspartate. This 4‐ethylphenol oxidase from Gulosibacter chungangensis (Gc4EO) shares 42 % sequence identity with VAO from Penicillium simplicissimum, contains the same 8α‐N3‐histidyl‐bound FAD and uses oxygen as electron acceptor. However, Gc4EO features a distinct substrate scope and product specificity as it is primarily effective in the dehydrogenation of para‐substituted phenols with little generation of hydroxylated products. The three‐dimensional structure shows that the characteristic glutamate side chain creates a closely packed environment that may limit water accessibility and thereby protect from hydroxylation. With its high thermal stability, well defined structural properties and high expression yields, Gc4EO may become a catalyst of choice for the specific dehydrogenation of phenolic compounds bearing small substituents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Alvigini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alejandro Gran-Scheuch
- Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yiming Guo
- Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Milos Trajkovic
- Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad Saifuddin
- Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco W Fraaije
- Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Mattevi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tang D, Huang X, Tang W, Jin Y. Lignin-to-chemicals: Application of catalytic hydrogenolysis of lignin to produce phenols and terephthalic acid via metal-based catalysts. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 190:72-85. [PMID: 34480907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is the only renewable aromatic material in nature and contains a large number of oxygen-containing functional groups. High-value and green utilization of "lignin-to-chemicals" can be realized via using lignin to produce fine chemicals such as phenols and carboxylic acids, which can not only reduce the waste of lignin in the process of lignocellulosic biomass treatment, but gradually make the substitution of traditional fossil fuels come true. The hydrogenolysis process under catalysis of metal catalyst has high product selectivity and less impurity, which is suitable for the production of same type or single fine chemicals. Hydrogenolysis of lignin via metal catalysts to produce lignin oil, and further modification of functional groups (e.g. methoxyl, alkyl and hydroxyl group) of depolymerized monomers in the bio-oil to yeild phenols and terephthalic acid are reviewed, and catalytic mechanisms are briefly summarized in this paper. Finally, the problems of lignin catalytic conversion existing currently are investigated, and the future development of this field is also prospected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daobin Tang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xiaozhen Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Weizhong Tang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yanqiao Jin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cui C, Chen X, Liu C, Zhu Y, Zhu L, Ouyang J, Shen Y, Zhou Z, Qi F. In Situ Reactor-Integrated Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions and Its Application in the Process Analysis of High-Pressure Liquid-Phase Lignin Depolymerization. Anal Chem 2021; 93:12987-12994. [PMID: 34520172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Process analysis of heterogeneous catalytic reactions such as lignin depolymerization is essential to understand the reaction mechanism at the molecular level, but it is always challenging due to harsh conditions. Herein, we report an operando process analysis strategy by combining a microbatch reactor with high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) via a reactor-integrated electrospray ionization (R-ESI) technique. R-ESI-MS expands the applications of traditional in situ MS to a heterogeneous and high-pressure liquid-phase system. With this strategy, we present the evolution of a series of monomers, dimers, and oligomers during lignin depolymerization under operando conditions (methanol solvent, 260 °C, ∼8 MPa), which is the first experimental elucidation of a progressive depolymerization pathway and evidence of repolymerization of active monomers. The proposed R-ESI-MS is crucial in probing depolymerization intermediates of lignin; it also provides a flexible strategy for process analysis of heterogeneous catalytic reactions under operando conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cunhao Cui
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Xiamin Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Chunjiang Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Linyu Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Ouyang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yang Shen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyue Zhou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Fei Qi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bartling AW, Stone ML, Hanes RJ, Bhatt A, Zhang Y, Biddy MJ, Davis R, Kruger JS, Thornburg NE, Luterbacher JS, Rinaldi R, Samec JSM, Sels BF, Román-Leshkov Y, Beckham GT. Techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment of a biorefinery utilizing reductive catalytic fractionation. ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2021; 14:4147-4168. [PMID: 36324336 PMCID: PMC9562980 DOI: 10.1039/d1ee01642c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) is a promising approach to fractionate lignocellulose and convert lignin to a narrow product slate. To guide research towards commercialization, cost and sustainability must be considered. Here we report a techno-economic analysis (TEA), life cycle assessment (LCA), and air emission analysis of the RCF process, wherein biomass carbohydrates are converted to ethanol and the RCF oil is the lignin-derived product. The base-case process, using a feedstock supply of 2000 dry metric tons per day, methanol as a solvent, and H2 gas as a hydrogen source, predicts a minimum selling price (MSP) of crude RCF oil of $1.13 per kg when ethanol is sold at $2.50 per gallon of gasoline-equivalent ($0.66 per liter of gasoline-equivalent). We estimate that the RCF process accounts for 57% of biorefinery installed capital costs, 77% of positive life cycle global warming potential (GWP) (excluding carbon uptake), and 43% of positive cumulative energy demand (CED). Of $563.7 MM total installed capital costs, the RCF area accounts for $323.5 MM, driven by high-pressure reactors. Solvent recycle and water removal via distillation incur a process heat demand equivalent to 73% of the biomass energy content, and accounts for 35% of total operating costs. In contrast, H2 cost and catalyst recycle are relatively minor contributors to operating costs and environmental impacts. In the carbohydrate-rich pulps, polysaccharide retention is predicted not to substantially affect the RCF oil MSP. Analysis of cases using different solvents and hemicellulose as an in situ hydrogen donor reveals that reducing reactor pressure and the use of low vapor pressure solvents could reduce both capital costs and environmental impacts. Processes that reduce the energy demand for solvent separation also improve GWP, CED, and air emissions. Additionally, despite requiring natural gas imports, converting lignin as a biorefinery co-product could significantly reduce non-greenhouse gas air emissions compared to burning lignin. Overall, this study suggests that research should prioritize ways to lower RCF operating pressure to reduce capital expenses associated with high-pressure reactors, minimize solvent loading to reduce reactor size and energy required for solvent recovery, implement condensed-phase separations for solvent recovery, and utilize the entirety of RCF oil to maximize value-added product revenues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Bartling
- Catalytic Carbon Transformation and Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden CO 80401 USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation Oak Ridge TN 37830 USA
| | - Michael L Stone
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Rebecca J Hanes
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation Oak Ridge TN 37830 USA
- Strategic Energy Analysis Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden CO 80401 USA
| | - Arpit Bhatt
- Strategic Energy Analysis Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden CO 80401 USA
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Strategic Energy Analysis Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden CO 80401 USA
| | - Mary J Biddy
- Catalytic Carbon Transformation and Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden CO 80401 USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation Oak Ridge TN 37830 USA
| | - Ryan Davis
- Catalytic Carbon Transformation and Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden CO 80401 USA
| | - Jacob S Kruger
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden CO 80401 USA
| | - Nicholas E Thornburg
- Catalytic Carbon Transformation and Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden CO 80401 USA
| | - Jeremy S Luterbacher
- Laboratory of Sustainable and Catalytic Processing, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Roberto Rinaldi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Joseph S M Samec
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University SE-106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Bert F Sels
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Yuriy Román-Leshkov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Gregg T Beckham
- Catalytic Carbon Transformation and Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden CO 80401 USA
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden CO 80401 USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yang W, Wang X, Ni S, Liu X, Liu R, Hu C, Dai H. Effective extraction of aromatic monomers from lignin oil using a binary petroleum ether/dichloromethane solvent. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
34
|
Van Aelst K, Van Sinay E, Vangeel T, Zhang Y, Renders T, Van den Bosch S, Van Aelst J, Sels BF. Low molecular weight and highly functional RCF lignin products as a full bisphenol a replacer in bio-based epoxy resins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5642-5645. [PMID: 33972957 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02263f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present a full lignocellulose-to-chemicals valorization chain, wherein low molecular weight and highly functional lignin oligomers, obtained from reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) of pine wood, were used to fully replace bisphenol A (BPA) for synthesizing bio-based epoxy resins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Korneel Van Aelst
- Centre for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
| | - Elien Van Sinay
- Centre for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
| | - Thijs Vangeel
- Centre for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
| | - Yingtuan Zhang
- Centre for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
| | - Tom Renders
- Centre for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
| | - Sander Van den Bosch
- Centre for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
| | - Joost Van Aelst
- Centre for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
| | - Bert F Sels
- Centre for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang H, Fu S, Du X, Deng Y. Advances in Versatile Nanoscale Catalyst for the Reductive Catalytic Fractionation of Lignin. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2268-2294. [PMID: 33811470 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the past five years, biomass-derived biofuels and biochemicals were widely studied both in academia and industry as promising alternatives to petroleum. In this Review, the latest progress of the synthesis and fabrication of porous nanocatalysts that are used in catalytic transformations involving hydrogenolysis of lignin is reviewed in terms of their textural properties, catalytic activities, and stabilities. A particular emphasis is made with regard to the catalyst design for the hydrogenolysis of lignin and/or lignin model compounds. Furthermore, the effects of different supports on the lignin hydrogenolysis/hydrogenation are discussed in detail. Finally, the challenges and future opportunities of lignin hydrogenolysis over nanomaterial-supported catalysts are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haichuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, P. R. China
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and RBI at Georgia Tech, Georgia Institute of Technology, 500 10th Street N.W., Atlanta, GA 30332-0620, USA
| | - Shiyu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xu Du
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and RBI at Georgia Tech, Georgia Institute of Technology, 500 10th Street N.W., Atlanta, GA 30332-0620, USA
| |
Collapse
|