1
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Yadav I, Acharyya JN, Prakash GV, Sankar M. Structurally influenced optical nonlinearities and ultrafast dynamics in β-acroleyl- and β-dicyanobutadienyl-appended cobalt corroles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:15125-15129. [PMID: 38764422 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00090k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The strong two-photon induced nonlinear absorption and self-focusing type positive nonlinear refraction are pronounced by the structural engineering in β-functionalized cobalt corroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inderpal Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.
| | - Jitendra Nath Acharyya
- Nanophotonics Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - G Vijaya Prakash
- Nanophotonics Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Muniappan Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.
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2
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Guragain M, Pinjari D, Misra R, D'Souza F. Zinc Tetrapyrrole Coordinated to Imidazole Functionalized Tetracyanobutadiene or Cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-diylidene-expanded-tetracyanobutadiene Conjugates: Dark vs. Light-Induced Electron Transfer. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302665. [PMID: 37704573 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Using the popular metal-ligand axial coordination self-assembly approach, donor-acceptor conjugates have been constructed using zinc tetrapyrroles (porphyrin (ZnP), phthalocyanine (ZnPc), and naphthalocyanine (ZnNc)) as electron donors and imidazole functionalized tetracyanobutadiene (Im-TCBD) and cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-diylidene-expanded-tetracyanobutadiene (Im-DCNQ) as electron acceptors. The newly formed donor-acceptor conjugates were fully characterized by a suite of physicochemical methods, including absorption and emission, electrochemistry, and computational methods. The measured binding constants for the 1 : 1 complexes were in the order of 104 -105 M-1 in o-dichlorobenzene. Free-energy calculations and the energy level diagrams revealed the high exergonicity for the excited state electron transfer reactions. However, in the case of the ZnNc:Im-DCNQ complex, owing to the facile oxidation of ZnNc and facile reduction of Im-DCNQ, slow electron transfer was witnessed in the dark without the aid of light. Systematic transient pump-probe studies were performed to secure evidence of excited state charge separation and gather their kinetic parameters. The rate of charge separation was as high as 1011 s-1 suggesting efficient processes. These findings show that the present self-assembly approach could be utilized to build donor-acceptor constructs with powerful electron acceptors, TCBD and DCNQ, to witness ground and excited state charge transfer, fundamental events required in energy harvesting, and building optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manan Guragain
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - Dilip Pinjari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
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3
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Yadav I, Sankar M. Panchromatic and Perturbed Absorption Spectral Features and Multiredox Properties of Dicyanovinyl- and Dicyanobutadienyl-Appended Cobalt Corroles. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 38010211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Four new β-functionalized π-extended cobalt corroles with one and two dicyanovinyl (DCV) or dicyanobutadienyl (DCBD) moieties at the 3- and 3,17-positions have been synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. Interestingly, the synthesized DCV- and DCBD-appended cobalt corroles displayed panchromatic and near-infrared absorption in the range 300-1100 nm in CH2Cl2 and pyridine solvents. (MN)2-(Cor)Co and A2MN2-(Cor)Co exhibited 8-9 times enhancement in the molar absorptivity of the Q band compared to the parent corrole ((Cor)Co). The unique absorption spectral features of these β-functionalized cobalt corroles are splitting, broadening, and red-shifting in the Soret and Q bands. One DCV unit brings a 30-46 nm red shift, whereas one DCBD unit brings a 40-75 nm red shift in the Q band compared to the corresponding precursors. This is rare that the intensity of the longest Q band is greater than or equal to the Soret-like bands. These corrole derivatives exhibit UV-vis spectral features similar to those of chlorophyll a. A 220 mV positive shift per DCV group and 160 mV positive shift per DCBD group were observed in the first oxidation potentials compared to (Cor)Co in the desired direction for the utility of these cobalt complexes in electrocatalysis. DFT studies revealed that HOMO and LUMO were stabilized after appending DCV and DCBD groups on the corrole macrocycle and exhibited a "push-pull" behavior leading to promising material applications in nonlinear optics (NLO) and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inderpal Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Muniappan Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
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4
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Jang Y, Sekaran B, Singh PP, Misra R, D'Souza F. Accelerated Intramolecular Charge Transfer in Tetracyanobutadiene- and Expanded Tetracyanobutadiene-Incorporated Asymmetric Triphenylamine-Quinoxaline Push-Pull Conjugates. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:4455-4462. [PMID: 37192382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c01732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The excited-state properties of an asymmetric triphenylamine-quinoxaline push-pull system wherein triphenylamine and quinoxaline take up the roles of an electron donor and acceptor, respectively, are initially investigated. Further, in order to improve the push-pull effect, powerful electron acceptors, viz., 1,1,4,4-tetracyanobutadiene (TCBD) and cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-diylidene-expanded tetracyanobutadiene (also known as expanded-TCBD or exTCBD), have been introduced into the triphenylamine-quinoxaline molecular framework using a catalyst-free [2 + 2] cycloaddition-retroelectrocyclization reaction. The presence of these electron acceptors caused strong ground-state polarization extending the absorption well into the near-IR region accompanied by strong fluorescence quenching due to intramolecular charge transfer (CT). Systematic studies were performed using a suite of spectral, electrochemical, computational, and pump-probe spectroscopic techniques to unravel the intramolecular CT mechanism and to probe the role of TCBD and exTCBD in promoting excited-state CT and separation events. Faster CT in exTCBD-derived compared to that in TCBD-derived push-pull systems has been witnessed in polar benzonitrile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngwoo Jang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Bijesh Sekaran
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453552, India
| | - Prabal P Singh
- Department of Chemistry, GLA University, NH-2, Delhi-Mathura highways, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 282004, India
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453552, India
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
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5
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Popli C, Jang Y, Misra R, D'Souza F. Charge Resonance and Photoinduced Charge Transfer in Bis( N, N-dimethylaminophenyl-tetracyanobutadiene)-diketopyrrolopyrrole Multimodular System. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:4286-4299. [PMID: 37133351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c01528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) or charge resonance is often observed in redox-active systems encompassed of two identical electroactive groups, where one of the groups is either oxidized or reduced and serves as a model system to improve our fundamental understanding of charge transfer. This property has been explored in the present study in a multimodular push-pull system carrying two N,N-dimethylaminophenyl-tetracyanobutadiene (DMA-TCBD) entities covalently linked to the opposite ends of bis(thiophenyl)diketopyrrolopyrrole (TDPP). Electrochemical or chemical reduction of one of the TCBDs promoted electron resonance between them, exhibiting an IVCT absorption peak in the near-infrared area. The comproportionation energy, -ΔGcom, and equilibrium constant, Kcom, evaluated from the split reduction peak were, respectively, 1.06 × 104 J/mol and 72.3 M-1. Excitation of the TDPP entity in the system promoted the thermodynamically feasible sequential charge transfer and separation of charges in benzonitrile, wherein the IVCT peak formed upon charge separation served as a signature peak in characterizing the product. Further, transient data analyzed using Global Target Analysis revealed the charge separation to take place in a ps time scale (k ∼ 1010 s-1) as a result of close positioning and strong electronic interaction between the entities. The significance of IVCT in probing excited-state processes is evidenced by the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Popli
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453552, India
| | - Youngwoo Jang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453552, India
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
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6
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Sheokand M, Alsaleh AZ, D'Souza F, Misra R. Excitation Wavelength-Dependent Charge Stabilization in Highly Interacting Phenothiazine Sulfone-Derived Donor-Acceptor Constructs. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2761-2773. [PMID: 36938962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c08472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Prolonging the lifetime of charge-separated states (CSS) is of paramount importance in artificial photosynthetic donor-acceptor (DA) constructs to build the next generation of light-energy-harvesting devices. This becomes especially important when the DA constructs are closely spaced and highly interacting. In the present study, we demonstrate extending the lifetime of the CSS in highly interacting DA constructs by making use of the triplet excited state of the electron donor and with the help of excitation wavelength selectivity. To demonstrate this, π-conjugated phenothiazine sulfone-based push-pull systems, PTS2-PTS6 have been newly designed and synthesized via the Pd-catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling followed by [2 + 2] cycloaddition-retroelectrocyclization reactions. Modulation of the spectral and photophysical properties of phenothiazine sulfones (PTZSO2) and terminal phenothiazines (PTZ) was possible by incorporating powerful electron acceptors, 1,1,4,4-tetracyanobutadiene (TCBD) and cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-diylidene-expanded TCBD (exTCBD). The quadrupolar PTS2 displayed solvatochromism, aggregation-induced emission, and mechanochromic behaviors. From the energy calculations, excitation wavelength-dependent charge stabilization was envisioned in PTS2-PTS6, and the subsequent pump-probe spectroscopic studies revealed charge stabilization when the systems were excited at the locally excited peak positions, while such effect was minimal when the samples were excited at wavelengths corresponding to the CT transitions. This work reveals the impact of wavelength selectivity to induce charge separation from the triplet excited state in ultimately prolonging the lifetime of CCS in highly interacting push-pull systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Sheokand
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453552, India
| | - Ajyal Z Alsaleh
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453552, India
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7
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Patil Y, Butenschön H, Misra R. Tetracyanobutadiene Bridged Push-Pull Chromophores: Development of New Generation Optoelectronic Materials. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202200208. [PMID: 36202630 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the design strategies used for the synthesis of various tetracyanobutadiene bridged donor-acceptor molecular architectures by a click type [2+2] cycloaddition-retroelectrocyclization (CA-RE) reaction sequence. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of the tetracyanobutadiene bridged molecular architectures based on various moieties including diketopyrrolopyrrole, isoindigo, benzothiadiazole, pyrene, pyrazabole, truxene, boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY), phenothiazine, triphenylamine, thiazole and bisthiazole are summarized. Further, we discuss some important applications of the tetracyanobutadiene bridged derivatives in dye sensitized solar cells, bulk heterojunction solar cells and photothermal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvraj Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, 453552, India.,Present Address: Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR) -, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, 35700, France
| | - Holger Butenschön
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, 453552, India
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8
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Yadav IS, Jang Y, Rout Y, Thomas MB, Misra R, D'Souza F. Near-IR Intramolecular Charge Transfer in Strongly Interacting Diphenothiazene-TCBD and Diphenothiazene-DCNQ Push-Pull Triads. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200348. [PMID: 35275434 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Three types of phenothiazines dimers (PTZ-PTZ, 1-3), covalently linked with one or two acetylene linkers, were synthesized by copper-mediated Eglinton and Pd-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reactions in excellent yields. The dimers 1-3 were further engaged in [2+2] cycloaddition-retroelectrocyclization reactions with strong electron acceptors, tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) to yield tetracyanobutadiene (TCBD, 1 a-3 a), and dicyanoquinodimethane (DCNQ, 1 b-3 b) functionalized donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugates, respectively. The conjugates were examined by a series of spectral, computational, and electrochemical studies. Strong ground state polarization leading to new optical transitions was witnessed in both series of D-A conjugates. In the case of DCNQ derived D-A system 1 b, the optical coverage extended until 1200 nm in benzonitrile, making this a rare class of D-A ICT system. Multiple redox processes were witnessed in these D-A systems, and the frontier orbitals generated on DFT optimized structures further supported the ICT phenomenon. Photochemical studies performed using femtosecond pump-probe studies confirmed solvent polarity dependent excited state charge transfer and separation in these novel multi-modular D-A conjugates. The charge-separated states lasted up to 70 ps in benzonitrile while in toluene slightly prolonged lifetime of up to 100 ps was witnessed. The significance of phenothiazine dimer in wide-band optical capture all the way into the near-IR region and promoting ultrafast photoinduced charge transfer in the D-A-D configured multi-modular systems, and the effect of donor-acceptor distance and the solvent polarity was the direct outcome of the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indresh S Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, 453552, Indore, India
| | - Youngwoo Jang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - Yogajivan Rout
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, 453552, Indore, India
| | - Michael B Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, 453552, Indore, India
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
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9
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Dar AH, Gowri V, Mishra RK, Khan R, Jayamurugan G. Nanotechnology-Assisted, Single-Chromophore-Based White-Light-Emitting Organic Materials with Bioimaging Properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:430-438. [PMID: 34965146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
White-light-emitting (WLE) organic materials, especially small molecules comprising a single chromophoric unit, have received much attention due to their tremendous use in modern-day electronic devices and biomaterials. They can increase the efficiency and lifetime of devices compared to the currently used combination approach. Herein, we explored a small symmetric push-pull organic molecule Hexyl-TCBD with a single 1,1,4,4-tetracyanobuta-1,3-diene (TCBD) chromophoric unit containing urea as a key functional group on an acceptor-donor∼donor-acceptor (A-D∼D-A) backbone for its ability to show white-light emission in solution as well as in the solid state. The luminescence was absent in the solid state due to the H-bonding- and π-stacking-driven quenching processes, while emission behavior in solution was tunable with variable CIE chromaticity index values via hydrogen (H)-bonding-governed disaggregation phenomena. Translation of WLE from the Hexyl-TCBD solution to a solid state was demonstrated by utilizing nonemissive polystyrene (80 wt % with respect to the chromophore) as the matrix to obtain WLE nanofibers (made by the electrospun technique) via segregating the molecules. The optical microscopy study validated the WLE nanofibers. The presence of multicolor photoluminescence, including white light, could be fine-tuned through various excitation wavelengths, solvent polarities, and polystyrene matrices. Furthermore, the detailed photophysical studies, including lifetime measurements, indicated that the inherent intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) bands of Hexyl-TCBD exhibit better ICT state stabilization by space charge distribution through the modulation of H-bonding between urea groups. Finally, a cytotoxicity study was performed for Hexyl-TCBD on normal and cancer cell lines using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to explore bioimaging applications in biosystems. MTT results revealed significant toxicity toward cancer cells, whereas normal cells exhibited good biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Hassan Dar
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Vijayendran Gowri
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Mishra
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Rehan Khan
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Govindasamy Jayamurugan
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
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Misra R, Yadav IS. Phenothiazine and phenothiazine-5,5-dioxide based push-pull Derivatives: Synthesis, photophysical, electrochemical and computational Studies. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03089f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A set of phenothiazine (PTZ) and phenothiazine-5,5-dioxide based π-conjugated push–pull chromophores PTZ 1–6 were designed and synthesized by the Pd-catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling and [2+2] cycloaddition retroelectrocyclic ring opening reaction in...
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11
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Ming Z, Zhang T, Tian W, Li J, Liu Z, Liu R, Liu Z, Duan C. Dye-polyoxometalate coordination polymer as a photo-driven electron pump for photocatalytic radical coupling reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12812-12815. [PMID: 34784409 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04209b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To alleviate diffusion-limited photoinduced electron transfer (PET) in solution, a triphenylamine-derived dye and a Keggin polyoxometalate-type electron relay were coupled into a coordination polymer to photoinduce long-lived charge-separation pairs with enough reductive/oxidative potential to pump multiple electrons unidirectionally from external electron donors to acceptors, thus furnishing photocatalytic radical couplings to afford value-added α-amino C-H arylation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China. .,Zhang Dayu College of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Tiexin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Wenming Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Jianing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Renhai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Zhang Dayu College of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Chunying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China. .,Zhang Dayu College of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
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12
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Chen SH, Luo SH, Xing LJ, Jiang K, Huo YP, Chen Q, Wang ZY. Rational Design and Facile Synthesis of Dual-State Emission Fluorophores: Expanding Functionality for the Sensitive Detection of Nitroaromatic Compounds. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103478. [PMID: 34735034 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Six novel benzimidazole-based D-π-A compounds 4 a-4 f were concisely synthesized by attaching different donor/acceptor units to the skeleton of 1,3-bis(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene on its 5-position through an ethynyl link. Due to the twisted conformation and effective conjugation structure, these dual-state emission (DSE) molecules show intense and multifarious photoluminescence, and their fluorescence quantum yields in solution and solid state can be up to 96.16 and 69.82 %, respectively. Especially, for excellent photostability, obvious solvatofluorochromic and extraordinary wide range of solvent compatibility, DSE molecule 4 a is a multifunctional fluorescent probe for the visual detection of nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) with the limit of detection as low as 10-7 M. The quenching mechanism has been proved as the results of photoinduced electron transfer and fluorescence resonance energy transfer processes. Importantly, probe 4 a can sensitively detect NACs not only in real water samples, but also on 4 a-coated strips and 4 a@PBAT thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Hong Chen
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shi-He Luo
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Long-Jiang Xing
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Ping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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13
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Sekaran B, Dawson A, Jang Y, MohanSingh KV, Misra R, D'Souza F. Charge-Transfer in Panchromatic Porphyrin-Tetracyanobuta-1,3-Diene-Donor Conjugates: Switching the Role of Porphyrin in the Charge Separation Process. Chemistry 2021; 27:14335-14344. [PMID: 34375474 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Using a combination of cycloaddition-retroelectrocyclization reaction, free-base and zinc porphyrins (H2 P and ZnP) are decorated at their β-pyrrole positions with strong charge transfer complexes, viz., tetracyanobuta-1,3-diene (TCBD)-phenothiazine (3 and 4) or TCBD-aniline (7 and 8), novel class of push-pull systems. The physico-chemical properties of these compounds (MP-Donor and MP-TCBD-Donor) have been investigated using a range of electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical, DFT as well as steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques. Ground-state charge transfer interactions between the porphyrin and the electron-withdrawing TCBD directly attached to the porphyrin π-system extended the absorption features well into the near-infrared region. To visualize the photo-events, energy level diagrams with the help of free-energy calculations have been established. Switching the role of porphyrin from the initial electron acceptor to electron donor was possible to envision. Occurrence of photoinduced charge separation has been established by complementary transient absorption spectral studies followed by global and target data analyses. Better charge stabilization in H2 P derived over ZnP derived conjugates, and in phenothiazine derived over aniline derived conjugates has been possible to establish. These findings highlight the importance of the nature of porphyrins and second electron donor in governing the ground and excited state charge transfer events in closely positioned donor-acceptor conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijesh Sekaran
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Andrew Dawson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - Youngwoo Jang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - Kusum V MohanSingh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
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14
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Mateo LM, Sagresti L, Luo Y, Guldi DM, Torres T, Brancato G, Bottari G. Expanding the Chemical Space of Tetracyanobuta-1,3-diene (TCBD) through a Cyano-Diels-Alder Reaction: Synthesis, Structure, and Physicochemical Properties of an Anthryl-fused-TCBD Derivative. Chemistry 2021; 27:16049-16055. [PMID: 34494672 PMCID: PMC9292653 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tetracyanobuta‐1,3‐diene (TCBD) is a powerful and versatile electron‐acceptor moiety widely used for the preparation of electroactive conjugates. While many reports addressing its electron‐accepting capability have appeared in the literature, significantly scarcer are those dealing with its chemical modification, a relevant topic which allows to broaden the chemical space of this interesting functional unit. Here, we report on the first example of a high‐yielding cyano‐Diels‐Alder (CDA) reaction between TCBD, that is, where a nitrile group acts as a dienophile, and an anthryl moiety, that is, acting as a diene. The resulting anthryl‐fused‐TCBD derivative, which structure was unambiguously identified by X‐ray diffraction, shows high thermal stability, remarkable electron‐accepting capability, and interesting electronic ground‐ and excited‐state features, as characterized by a thorough theoretical, electrochemical, and photophysical investigation. Moreover, a detailed kinetic analysis of the intramolecular CDA reaction transforming the anthryl‐TCBD‐based reactant into the anthryl‐fused‐TCBD product was carried out at different temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Mateo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Nanociencia, Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luca Sagresti
- Scuola Normale Superiore and CSGI, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56100, Pisa, Italy
| | - Yusen Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tomas Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Nanociencia, Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Brancato
- Scuola Normale Superiore and CSGI, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56100, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bottari
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Nanociencia, Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Khan F, Jang Y, Patil Y, Misra R, D'Souza F. Photoinduced Charge Separation Prompted Intervalence Charge Transfer in a Bis(thienyl)diketopyrrolopyrrole Bridged Donor‐TCBD Push‐Pull System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Faizal Khan
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Indore 453552 India
| | - Youngwoo Jang
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
| | - Yuvraj Patil
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Indore 453552 India
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Indore 453552 India
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
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16
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Synthesis and photoinduced charge stabilization in molecular tetrads featuring covalently linked triphenylamine-oligothiophene-BODIPY-C60. J CHEM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-021-01931-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Khan F, Jang Y, Patil Y, Misra R, D'Souza F. Photoinduced Charge Separation Prompted Intervalence Charge Transfer in a Bis(thienyl)diketopyrrolopyrrole Bridged Donor-TCBD Push-Pull System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20518-20527. [PMID: 34258866 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Intervalence charge transfer (IVCT), a phenomenon observed in molecular systems comprised of two redox centers differing in oxidation states by one unit, is reported in a novel, newly synthesized, multi-modular donor-acceptor system comprised of central bis(thienyl)diketopyrrolopyrrole (TDPP) hosting two phenothiazine-tetracyanobutadiene (PTZ-TCBD) entities on the opposite sides. One-electron reduction of TCBD promoted electron exchange between the two TCBD resulting in IVCT transition in the near-infrared region. The stabilization energy, -ΔGcom and comproportionation equilibrium constant, Kcom calculated from peak potentials of the split reduction waves were found to be 1.06×104 J mol-1 , and 72.3 M-1 , respectively. Further, the IVCT transition was also witnessed during the process of thermodynamically feasible electron transfer upon excitation of the TDPP entity in the system, and served as a diagnostic marker to characterize the electron transfer product. Subsequent transient absorption spectral studies and data analysis by Global and Target analyses revealed occurrence of ultrafast charge separation (kcs ≈1010 s-1 ) owing to the close proximity and good communication between the entities of the multi-modular donor-acceptor system. The role of central TDPP in promoting IVCT is borne out from the present investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizal Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Youngwoo Jang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
| | - Yuvraj Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
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18
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Jang Y, Rout Y, Misra R, D’Souza F. Symmetric and Asymmetric Push–Pull Conjugates: Significance of Pull Group Strength on Charge Transfer and Separation. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:4067-4075. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c09996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngwoo Jang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, # 305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Yogajivan Rout
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453552, India
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453552, India
| | - Francis D’Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, # 305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
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