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Guo J, Du F, Yu B, Du P, Li H, Zhang J, Xin H. Heptacyclic aromatic hydrocarbon isomers with two azulene units fused. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12589-12597. [PMID: 39118621 PMCID: PMC11304730 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02566k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Azulene, known for its unique electronic properties and structural asymmetry, serves as a promising building block for the design of novel non-benzenoid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Herein, we present the synthesis, characterization, and physical properties of three diazulene-fused heptacyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 8,17-dioctyldiazuleno[2,1-a:2',1'-h]anthracene (trans configuration), 16,18-dioctyldiazuleno[2,1-a:1',2'-j]anthracene (cis configuration) and 3,18-dioctyldiazuleno[2,1-a:1',2'-i]phenanthrene (zigzag configuration). Three compounds are configurational isomers with different fusing patterns of aromatic rings. All three isomers exhibit pronounced aromaticity, as revealed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. They exhibit characteristics of both azulene and benzenoid PAHs and are much more stable than their all-benzene analogues. The optical and electrochemical properties of these three isomers were investigated through UV-vis absorption spectra and cyclic voltammetry, revealing distinct behaviors influenced by their molecular configurations. Furthermore, the isomer in trans configuration exhibits promising semiconducting properties with a hole mobility of up to 0.22 cm2 V-1 s-1, indicating its potential in organic electronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Guo
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University 201800 Shanghai China
| | - Fangxin Du
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University 201800 Shanghai China
| | - Bo Yu
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University 201800 Shanghai China
| | - Pengcheng Du
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University 201800 Shanghai China
| | - Haoyuan Li
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University 201800 Shanghai China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University 201800 Shanghai China
| | - Hanshen Xin
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University 201800 Shanghai China
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2
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Guo J, Zhang T, Li Z, Ye K, Wang Y, Dou C. Distorted B/O-containing nanographenes with tunable optical properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2644-2647. [PMID: 36779481 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06376j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of two B/O-containing nanographenes, which feature the fusion of three or six planar B/O-heterocycles onto one hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene π-framework. Incorporation of the B/O-heterocycles not only leads to distorted geometries, but also modulates the electronic structures and results in gradually red-shifted absorptions and fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Zeyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Chuandong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China. .,Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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3
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Yang B, Gu Y, Paternò GM, Teyssandier J, Maghsoumi A, Barker AJ, Mali KS, Scotognella F, De Feyter S, Tommasini M, Feng X, Narita A, Müllen K. Zigzag-Edged Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Benzo[m]tetraphene Precursors. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203981. [PMID: 36695295 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A series of zigzag-edged polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (Z1-Z3) were synthesized from 2,12-dibromo-7,14-diphenyl-benzo[m]tetraphene (9) as a versatile building block. Their structures were unambiguously confirmed by laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, 1 H NMR, Raman, and Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies as well as scanning tunneling microscopy. The fingerprint vibrational modes were elucidated with theoretical support. The edge- and size-dependent optical properties were characterized by UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy and DFT calculations. Moreover, ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy revealed distinct modulation of the photophysical properties upon π-extension from Z1 to Z2, the latter having a gulf edge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yanwei Gu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Giuseppe M Paternò
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano Piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy.,Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Nano Science and Technology, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Joan Teyssandier
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ali Maghsoumi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica - Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Alex J Barker
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Nano Science and Technology, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesco Scotognella
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano Piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica - Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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4
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Drummer MC, Singh V, Gupta N, Gesiorski JL, Weerasooriya RB, Glusac KD. Photophysics of nanographenes: from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to graphene nanoribbons. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 151:163-184. [PMID: 33963981 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00838-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and nanoribbons (GNRs) are classes of nanographene molecules that exhibit highly tunable photophysical properties. There have been great strides in recent years to advance our understanding of nanographene photophysics and develop their use in light-harvesting systems, such as artificial photosynthesis. Here, we review the latest studies of GQDs and GNRs which have shed new light onto their photophysical underpinnings through computational and advanced spectroscopic techniques. We discuss how the size, symmetry, and shape of nanographenes influence their molecular orbital structures and, consequentially, their spectroscopic signatures. The scope of this review is to comprehensively lay out the general photophysics of nanographenes starting with benzene and building up to larger polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, GQDs, and GNRs. We also explore a collection of publications from recent years that build upon the current understanding of nanographene photophysics and their potential application in light-driven processes from display, lasing, and sensing technology to photocatalytic water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Drummer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Varun Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Nikita Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Jonathan L Gesiorski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Ravindra B Weerasooriya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Ksenija D Glusac
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.
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5
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Xu X, Serra G, Villa A, Muñoz-Mármol R, Vasylevskyi S, Gadea M, Lucotti A, Lin Z, Boj PG, Kabe R, Tommasini M, Díaz-García MÁ, Scotognella F, Paternò GM, Narita A. Synthesis of zigzag- and fjord-edged nanographene with dual amplified spontaneous emission. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13040-13045. [DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04208h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dibenzo[a,m]dinaphtho[ef,hi]coronene with zigzag and fjord edges was synthesized and characterized, demonstrating a nonplanar structure with near-infrared stimulated emission with a relatively long lifetime and dual-amplified spontaneous emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiushang Xu
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gianluca Serra
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica ‘G. Natta’, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Villa
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Rafael Muñoz-Mármol
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Serhii Vasylevskyi
- Engineering Section, Research Support Division, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Marcos Gadea
- Departamento de Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante 03080, Spain
| | - Andrea Lucotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica ‘G. Natta’, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Zensen Lin
- Organic Optoelectronic Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Pedro G. Boj
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante 03080, Spain
| | - Ryota Kabe
- Organic Optoelectronic Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica ‘G. Natta’, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - María Á. Díaz-García
- Departamento de Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante 03080, Spain
| | - Francesco Scotognella
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | | | - Akimitsu Narita
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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6
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Omist A, Ricci G, Derradji A, Pérez-Jiménez AJ, San-Fabián E, Olivier Y, Sancho-García JC. peri-Acenoacene molecules: tuning of the singlet and triplet excitation energies by modifying their radical character. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:24016-24028. [PMID: 34664570 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03232a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The energy difference between singlet and triplet excitons, or ΔEST, is a key parameter for novel light-emission mechanisms (i.e., TADF or thermally activated delayed fluorescence) or other photoactivated processes. We have studied a set of conjugated molecules (peri-acenoacenes and their heteroatom-doped analogues) to observe the evolution of their excited-state properties upon increasing the system size with and without substitution with a pair of N atoms. Since these molecules exhibit a (ground-state) diradicaloid character, together with marked correlation effects influencing the excited-states formed, we have applied a variety of theoretical methods (FT-DFT, TD-DFT, SF-TD-DFT, CIS, CIS(D), SCS-CC2, SA-CASSCF, and SC-NEVPT2) to bracket the accuracy of the results while concomitantly providing insights into electronic structure. The results show how this chemical strategy (N-doping) largely modifies not only the excited-state energies but also the oscillator strengths and the ΔEST values, constituting versatile platforms for fine-tuned photophysical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Omist
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - G Ricci
- Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale & Laboratoire de Physique du Solid, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, Université de Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - A Derradji
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - A J Pérez-Jiménez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - E San-Fabián
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Y Olivier
- Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale & Laboratoire de Physique du Solid, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, Université de Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - J C Sancho-García
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
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7
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Plasser F, Glöcklhofer F. Visualisation of Chemical Shielding Tensors (VIST) to Elucidate Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity. European J Org Chem 2021; 2021:2529-2539. [PMID: 34248413 PMCID: PMC8251739 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Aromaticity is a central concept in chemistry, pervading areas from biochemistry to materials science. Recently, chemists also started to exploit intricate phenomena such as the interplay of local and global (anti)aromaticity or aromaticity in non-planar systems and three dimensions. These phenomena pose new challenges in terms of our fundamental understanding and the practical visualisation of aromaticity. To overcome these challenges, a method for the visualisation of chemical shielding tensors (VIST) is developed here that allows for a 3D visualisation with quantitative information about the local variations and anisotropy of the chemical shielding. After exemplifying the method in different planar hydrocarbons, we study two non-planar macrocycles to show the unique benefits of the VIST method for molecules with competing π-conjugated systems and conclude with a norcorrole dimer showing clear evidence of through-space aromaticity. We believe that the VIST method will be a highly valuable addition to the computational toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Plasser
- Department of ChemistryLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughLE11 3TUUnited Kingdom
| | - Florian Glöcklhofer
- Department of Chemistry andCentre for Processable ElectronicsImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubLondonW12 0BZUnited Kingdom
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