1
|
Zhang YY, Zhang Y, Xue XS, Qing FL. Reversal of the Regioselectivity of Iron-Promoted Hydrogenation and Hydrohalogenation of gem-Difluoroalkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406324. [PMID: 38637292 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The reaction regioselectivity of gem-difluoroalkenes is dependent on the intrinsic polarity. Thus, the reversal of the regioselectivity of the addition reaction of gem-difluoroalkenes remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we described an unprecedented reversal of regioselectivity of hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) to gem-difluoroalkenes triggered by Fe-H species for the formation of difluoroalkyl radicals. Hydrogenation of the in situ generated radicals gave difluoromethylated products. Mechanism experiments and theoretical studies revealed that the kinetic effect of the irreversible HAT process resulted in the reversal of the regioselectivity of this scenario, leading to the formation of a less stable α-difluoroalkyl radical regioisomer. On basis of this new reaction of gem-difluoroalkene, the iron-promoted hydrohalogenation of gem-difluoroalkenes for the efficient synthesis of aliphatic chlorodifluoromethyl-, bromodifluoromethyl- and iododifluoromethyl-containing compounds was developed. Particularly, this novel hydrohalogenation of gem-difluoroalkenes provided an effect and large-scale access to various iododifluoromethylated compounds of high value for synthetic application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Song Xue
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Feng-Ling Qing
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhong Y, Zhuang Z, Zhang X, Xu B, Yang C. Difunctionalization of gem-difluoroalkenes for amination and heteroarylation via metal-free photocatalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4830-4833. [PMID: 38619085 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00528g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
gem-Difluoroalkenes are widely used building blocks in fluorine chemistry. Herein, a metal-free photocatalytic amination and heteroarylation method of gem-difluoroalkenes with heteroaryl carboxylic acid oxime esters as substrates is reported. This environmentally benign reaction proceeds via radical-radical cross-coupling in energy-transfer-mediated photocatalysis and can be used in the rapid construction of heteroaryl difluoroethylamine scaffolds and late-stage modification of complex pharmaceutical structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchen Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Zhen Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Chunhao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liashuk OS, Andriashvili VA, Tolmachev AO, Grygorenko OO. Chemoselective Reactions of Functionalized Sulfonyl Halides. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300256. [PMID: 37823680 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemoselective transformations of functionalized sulfonyl fluorides and chlorides are surveyed comprehensively. It is shown that sulfonyl fluorides provide an excellent selectivity control in their reactions. Thus, numerous conditions are tolerated by the SO2 F group - from amide and ester formation to directed ortho-lithiation and transition-metal-catalyzed cross-couplings. Meanwhile, sulfur (VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) is also compatible with numerous functional groups, thus confirming its title of "another click reaction". On the contrary, with a few exceptions, most transformations of functionalized sulfonyl chlorides typically occur at the SO2 Cl moiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr S Liashuk
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Winston Churchill Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Vladyslav A Andriashvili
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Winston Churchill Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Andriy O Tolmachev
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Winston Churchill Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Winston Churchill Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cui X, Qu J, Yi J, Sun W, Hu J, Guo S, Jin JW, Chen WH, Wong WL, Wu JQ. Rh(III)-catalyzed redox-neutral C-H alkenylation of benzamides with gem-difluorohomoallylic silyl ethers via β-H elimination. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3747-3750. [PMID: 36897608 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00529a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated molecules are widely used in pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Herein we report the synthesis of 2-(3,3-difluoro-4-(silyloxy)but-1-en-1-yl)benzamides from the unprecedented rhodium(III)-catalyzed alkenylation of various benzamides with difluorohomoallylic silyl ethers. The practicability of this protocol is demonstrated by its broad substrate compatibility, good functional group tolerance, ready scalability and high regioselectivity. The oxygen in difluorohomoallylic silyl ethers makes β-H elimination feasible, which suppresses both the β-F elimination and dialkenylation of benzamides. This redox-neutral reaction proceeds efficiently via N-O bond cleavage without external oxidants and thus provides new opportunities for the synthesis of elaborate difluorinated compounds from readily available fluorinated synthons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Cui
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, 22 Dongchengcun, Jiangmen 529020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Qu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, 22 Dongchengcun, Jiangmen 529020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianfeng Yi
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, 22 Dongchengcun, Jiangmen 529020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weiqiang Sun
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, 22 Dongchengcun, Jiangmen 529020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinhui Hu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, 22 Dongchengcun, Jiangmen 529020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Suqin Guo
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, 22 Dongchengcun, Jiangmen 529020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing-Wei Jin
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, 22 Dongchengcun, Jiangmen 529020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen-Hua Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, 22 Dongchengcun, Jiangmen 529020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wing-Leung Wong
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, 22 Dongchengcun, Jiangmen 529020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia-Qiang Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, 22 Dongchengcun, Jiangmen 529020, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sorrentino JP, Herrick RM, Abd El-Gaber MK, Abdelazem AZ, Kumar A, Altman RA. General Co-catalytic Hydrothiolation of gem-Difluoroalkenes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16676-16690. [PMID: 36469658 PMCID: PMC9772298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regioselective functionalization of gem-difluoroalkenes enables convergent late-stage access to fluorinated functional groups, though most functionalization reactions proceed through defluorinative functionalization processes that deliver mono-fluorovinyl products. In contrast, fewer reactions undergo net hydrofunctionalization to generate difluorinated products. Herein, we report a photocatalytic hydrothiolation of gem-difluoroalkenes that enables access to a broad spectrum of α,α-difluoroalkylthioethers. Notably, the reaction successfully couples nonactivated substrates, which expands the scope of accessible molecules relative to previously reported reactions involving organo- or photocatalytic strategies. Further, this reaction successfully couples biologically relevant molecules under aqueous conditions, highlighting potential applications in both late-stage and biorthogonal functionalizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P. Sorrentino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Ryan M. Herrick
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Mohammed K. Abd El-Gaber
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Z. Abdelazem
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
- Biotechnology & Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62517, Egypt
| | - Ankit Kumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Ryan A. Altman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Deng Y, He J, Cao S, Qian X. Advances in cycloaddition and hydroaddition reaction of α-(trifluoromethyl)styrenes without defluorination: An alternative approach to CF3-containing compounds. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
7
|
Sorrentino JP, Altman RA. Fluorine-Retentive Strategies for the Functionalization of gem-Difluoroalkenes. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021; 53:3935-3950. [PMID: 34707322 DOI: 10.1055/a-1547-9270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
gem-Difluoroalkenes are readily available fluorinated building blocks, and the fluorine-induced electronic perturbations of the alkenes enables a wide array of selective functionalization reactions. However, many reactions of gem-difluoroalkenes result in a net C─F functionalization to generate monofluorovinyl products or addition of F to generate trifluoromethyl-containing products. In contrast, fluorine-retentive strategies for the functionalization of gem-difluoroalkenes remain less generally developed, and is now becoming a rapidly developing area. This review will present the development of fluorine-retentive strategies including electrophilic, nucleophilic, radical, and transition metal catalytic strategies with an emphasis on key physical organic and mechanistic aspects that enable reactivities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P Sorrentino
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Ryan A Altman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang RY, Wang H, Xu B. Base promoted gem-difluoroolefination of alkyl triflones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4831-4834. [PMID: 33861249 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01132d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A new synthesis of gem-difluoroalkenes from readily available alkyl triflones and difluorocarbene precursors such as TMSCF2Br has been reported. The reaction, regardless of electronic effect, gives gem-difluoroalkenes in good to excellent yields. The mechanism may involve deprotonation of triflones, nucleophilic addition, and the elimination of SO2CF3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Yin Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|