1
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Guo X, Lin Z. Boryls, their compounds and reactivity: a structure and bonding perspective. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3060-3070. [PMID: 38425516 PMCID: PMC10901493 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06864a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Boryls and their compounds are important due to their diverse range of applications in the fields of materials science and catalysis. They are an integral part of boron chemistry, which has attracted tremendous research interest over the past few decades. In this perspective, we provide an in-depth analysis of the reaction chemistry of boryl compounds from a structure and bonding perspective. We discuss the reactivity of boryls in various transition metal complexes and diborane(4) compounds towards different substrate molecules, with a focus on their nucleophilic and electrophilic properties in various reaction processes. Additionally, we briefly discuss the reactivity of boryl radicals. Our analysis sheds new light on the unique properties of boryls and their potential for catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Guo
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong
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2
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Charman RSC, Hobson JA, Jackson RA, Mahon MF, Neale SE, Liptrot DJ. Acyclic Boryl Complexes of Copper(I). Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302704. [PMID: 37818674 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Reaction of (6-Dipp)CuOtBu (6-Dipp=C{NDippCH2 }2 CH2 , Dipp=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 ) with B2 (OMe)4 provided access to (6-Dipp)CuB(OMe)2 via σ-bond metathesis. (6-Dipp)CuB(OMe)2 was characterised by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography and shown to be a monomeric acyclic boryl of copper. (6-Dipp)CuB(OMe)2 reacted with ethylene and diphenylacetylene to provide insertion compounds into the Cu-B bond which were characterised by NMR spectroscopy in both cases and X-ray crystallography in the latter. It was also competent in the rapid catalytic deoxygenation of CO2 in the presence of excess B2 (OMe)4 . Alongside π-insertion, (6-Dipp)CuB(OMe)2 reacted with LiNMe2 to provide a salt metathesis reaction at boron, giving (6-Dipp)CuB(OMe)NMe2 , a second monomeric acyclic boryl, which also cuproborated diphenylacetylene. Computational interrogation validated these acyclic boryl species to be electronically similar to (6-Dipp)CuBpin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rex S C Charman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Josie A Hobson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Ross A Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Mary F Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Samuel E Neale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - David J Liptrot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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3
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Yamamoto M, Chan WC, Lin Z, Yamashita M. Reactions of Tetra(o-tolyl)diborane(4) with Organic Azides: Formation of Fluorescent Boron-Fused Hexazenes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302027. [PMID: 37369623 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of tetra(o-tolyl)diborane(4) with organic azides afforded three different compounds, diborylamines, diboryltriazenes, and B2 -hexazenes having a bicyclic B2 N6 ring system. The reaction with aryl azides gave diborylamines, while the reaction with 1 equiv. of alkyl azides furnished diboryltriazenes. In the case of the reaction with an excess amount of primary alkyl azide, a new heterocyclic B2 -hexazenes were obtained. The formation of the B2 N6 structure could be explained by one general reaction mechanism via the diboryltriazene intermediate according to the control experiments and DFT calculations. The B2 -hexazenes exhibited a strong fluorescence with a remarkably high fluorescent quantum yield of up to 96 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Aichi, Japan
| | - Wing Chun Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Makoto Yamashita
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Aichi, Japan
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4
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Kistner L, Filbeck E, Ihle P, Bučak Gasser D, Häussermann SWH, Kowatsch D, Kaifer E, Himmel H. Cationic Symmetrically and Unsymmetrically Substituted Diboranes and Bis(diboranes) with Direct Boron‐Boron Bond: Synthesis by Substitution, Stability and Properties. European J Org Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202300038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Kistner
- Inorganic Chemistry Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Erik Filbeck
- Inorganic Chemistry Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Patrick Ihle
- Inorganic Chemistry Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - David Bučak Gasser
- Inorganic Chemistry Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sebastian W. H. Häussermann
- Inorganic Chemistry Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Dario Kowatsch
- Inorganic Chemistry Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaifer
- Inorganic Chemistry Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Hans‐Jörg Himmel
- Inorganic Chemistry Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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5
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Singh HL, Khaturia S, Solaki VS, Sharma N. Synthesis of coordination compounds of dibutyltin(IV) with Schiff bases having nitrogen donor atoms. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2023.100945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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6
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Sorbelli D, Belpassi L, Belanzoni P. Mechanistic Study of Alkyne Insertion into Cu-Al and Au-Al Bonds: A Paradigm Shift for Coinage Metal Chemistry. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:21095-21106. [PMID: 36493466 PMCID: PMC9795551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the mechanism of the insertion reaction of 3-hexyne into Cu-Al and Au-Al bonds in M-aluminyl (M = Cu, Au) complexes is computationally elucidated. The mechanism is found to be radical-like, with the Cu-Al and Au-Al bonds acting as nucleophiles toward the alkyne, and predicts a less efficient reactivity for the gold-aluminyl complex. The proposed mechanism well rationalizes the kinetic (or thermodynamic) control on the formation of the syn (or anti) insertion product into the Cu-Al bond (i.e., dimetallated alkene) which has been recently reported. A comparative analysis of the electronic structure reveals that the reduced reactivity at the gold site─usually showing higher efficiency than copper as a "standard" electrophile in alkyne activation─arises from a common feature, i.e., the highly stable 6s Au orbital. The relativistic lowering of the 6s orbital, making it more suitable for accepting electron density and thus enhancing the electrophilicity of gold complexes, in the gold-aluminyl system is responsible for a less nucleophilic Au-Al bond and, consequently, a less efficient alkyne insertion. These findings demonstrate that the unconventional electronic structure and the electron-sharing nature of the M-Al bond induce a paradigm shift in the properties of coinage metal complexes. In particular, the peculiar radical-like reactivity, previously shown also with carbon dioxide, suggests that these complexes might efficiently insert/activate other small molecules, opening new and unexplored paths for their reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sorbelli
- Department
of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8-06123 Perugia, Italy,CNR
Institute of Chemical Science and Technologies ″Giulio Natta″
(CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto, 8-06123 Perugia, Italy,
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- CNR
Institute of Chemical Science and Technologies ″Giulio Natta″
(CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto, 8-06123 Perugia, Italy,
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Department
of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8-06123 Perugia, Italy,CNR
Institute of Chemical Science and Technologies ″Giulio Natta″
(CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto, 8-06123 Perugia, Italy,
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7
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Leach IF, Sorbelli D, Belpassi L, Belanzoni P, Havenith RWA, Klein JEMN. How reduced are nucleophilic gold complexes? Dalton Trans 2022; 52:11-15. [PMID: 35877065 PMCID: PMC9764324 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01694j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nucleophilic formal gold(-I) and gold(I) complexes are investigated via Intrinsic Bond Orbital analysis and Energy Decomposition Analysis, based on density functional theory calculations. The results indicate gold(0) centres engaging in electron-sharing bonding with Al- and B- based ligands. Multiconfigurational (CASSCF) calculations corroborate the findings, highlighting the gap between the electonic structures and the oxidation state formalism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac F. Leach
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AG GroningenThe Netherlands,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AG GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Diego Sorbelli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of PerugiaVia Elce di Sotto806123 PerugiaItaly,CNR Institute of Chemical Science and Technologies “Giulio Natta” (CNR-SCITEC)Via Elce di Sotto806123 PerugiaItaly
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- CNR Institute of Chemical Science and Technologies “Giulio Natta” (CNR-SCITEC)Via Elce di Sotto806123 PerugiaItaly
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of PerugiaVia Elce di Sotto806123 PerugiaItaly,CNR Institute of Chemical Science and Technologies “Giulio Natta” (CNR-SCITEC)Via Elce di Sotto806123 PerugiaItaly
| | - Remco W. A. Havenith
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AG GroningenThe Netherlands,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AG GroningenThe Netherlands,Ghent Quantum Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University9000 GentBelgium
| | - Johannes E. M. N. Klein
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AG GroningenThe Netherlands
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8
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Feng G, Chan KL, Lin Z, Yamashita M. Al-Sc Bonded Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Reaction with Benzene in the Presence of Alkyl Halide. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22662-22668. [PMID: 36469934 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
An alumanyl anion possessing N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,3-propanediamine ligand was synthesized and characterized. Transmetalation of this Al anion with diaminoscandium chloride precursors afforded the corresponding Al-Sc complexes possessing an unprecedented Al-Sc bond. The Al-Sc[N(SiMe3)2] complex underwent intramolecular C-H cleavage to form a bridged dinuclear complex with μ-hydrido and μ-methylene ligands. The Al-Sc(NiPr2)2 complex reacted with benzene in the presence of alkyl bromide to furnish a 1,4-dialuminated cyclohexadiene product with a concomitant formation of the alkyl-alkyl coupled product. Although the latter product seems to form through the radical mechanism, DFT calculations revealed an ionic mechanism involving bimetallic reaction pathways to react with alkyl bromide and benzene, which provides new insight into the chemistry of metal-metal bonded compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genfeng Feng
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ka Lok Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Makoto Yamashita
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Aichi, Japan
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9
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Guo X, Yang T, Zhang Y, Sheong FK, Lin Z. Reactivity of Unsupported Transition Metal-Aluminyl Complexes: A Nucleophilic TM-Al Bond. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:10255-10262. [PMID: 35708242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite the long history of research in transition metal (TM) complexes, the study of TM-aluminyl complexes is still in its early stage of development. It is expected that the presence of an electropositive Al donor atom would open up new possibilities in TM complex reactivity, and indeed TM-aluminyl has shown an early sign of success in small-molecule activation. On the other hand, the existing reports on TM-aluminyl reactivity are often explained to readers with different understanding on individual cases, and a general picture of TM-aluminyl reactivity is still not available. In this work, we have attempted to provide a systematic picture to explain some early explorations in this field, specifically a series of recently reported heteroallene insertion reactions involving unsupported TM-aluminyl complexes. Through density functional theory calculations of a number of TM-aluminyl complexes, covering both Au and Cu centers, we found that their reactivity against heteroallenes (including CO2 and carbodiimides) is mostly based on the strong nucleophilicity of the TM-Al σ-bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Guo
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Tilong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yichi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Fu Kit Sheong
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
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10
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Sorbelli D, Rossi E, Havenith RWA, Klein JEMN, Belpassi L, Belanzoni P. Gold-Aluminyl and Gold-Diarylboryl Complexes: Bonding and Reactivity with Carbon Dioxide. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:7327-7337. [PMID: 35512414 PMCID: PMC9115750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The unconventional
carbon dioxide insertion reaction of a gold-aluminyl
[tBu3PAuAl(NON)] complex has been recently shown
to be related to the electron-sharing character of the Au–Al
bond that acts as a nucleophile and stabilizes the insertion product
through a radical-like behavior. Since a gold-diarylboryl [IPrAuB(o-tol)2] complex with similar reactivity features
has been recently reported, in this work we computationally investigate
the reaction of carbon dioxide with [LAuX] (L = phosphine, N-heterocyclic
carbene (NHC); X = Al(NON), B(o-tol)2)
complexes to get insights into the Al/B anionic and gold ancillary
ligand effects on the Au–Al/B bond nature, electronic structure,
and reactivity of these compounds. We demonstrate that the Au–Al
and Au–B bonds possess a similar electron-sharing nature, with
diarylboryl complexes displaying a slightly more polarized bond as
Au(δ+)–B(δ–). This
feature reduces the radical-like reactivity toward CO2,
and the Al/B anionic ligand effect is found to favor aluminyls over
boryls, despite the greater oxophilicity of B. Remarkably, the ancillary
ligand of gold has a negligible electronic trans effect on the Au–X
bond and only a minor impact on the formation of the insertion product,
which is slightly more stable with carbene ligands. Surprisingly,
we find that the modification of the steric hindrance at the carbene
site may exert a sizable control over the reaction, with more sterically
hindered ligands thermodynamically disfavoring the formation of the
CO2 insertion product. The Au−Al and Au−B
bonds have both an electron-sharing
nature, with the diarylboryl gold complexes displaying a more polarized
Auδ+−Bδ− bond. The
gold ligand (phosphine or N-heterocyclic carbene) has a negligible
electronic effect on the Au−X bond, consistently with a radical-like
reactivity of the complexes with carbon dioxide, which favors the
gold-aluminyl over the gold-diarylboryl complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sorbelli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.,CNR Institute of Chemical Science and Technologies "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Remco W A Havenith
- Chemistry of (bio)Molecular Materials and Devices, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Ghent Quantum Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Johannes E M N Klein
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- CNR Institute of Chemical Science and Technologies "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.,CNR Institute of Chemical Science and Technologies "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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11
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Sorbelli D, Belpassi L, Belanzoni P. What Singles out Aluminyl Anions? A Comparative Computational Study of the Carbon Dioxide Insertion Reaction in Gold-Aluminyl, -Gallyl, and -Indyl Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:1704-1716. [PMID: 34986633 PMCID: PMC8790757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Anionic aluminum(I) anions ("aluminyls") are the most recent discovery along Group 13 anions, and the understanding of the unconventional reactivity they are able to induce at a coordinated metal site is at an early stage. A striking example is the efficient insertion of carbon dioxide into the Au-Al bond of a gold-aluminyl complex. The reaction occurs via a cooperative mechanism, with the gold-aluminum bond being the actual nucleophile and the Al site also behaving as an electrophile. In the complex, the Au-Al bond has been shown to be mainly of an electron-sharing nature, with the two metal fragments displaying a diradical-like reactivity with CO2. In this work, the analogous reactivity with isostructural Au-X complexes (X = Al, Ga, and In) is computationally explored. We demonstrate that a kinetically and thermodynamically favorable reactivity with CO2 may only be expected for the gold-aluminyl complex. The Au-Al bond nature, which features the most (nonpolar) electron-sharing character among the Group 13 anions analyzed here, is responsible for its highest efficiency. The radical-like reactivity appears to be a key ingredient to stabilize the CO2 insertion product. This investigation elucidates the special role of Al in these hetero-binuclear compounds, providing new insights into the peculiar electronic structure of aluminyls, which may help for the rational control of their unprecedented reactivity toward carbon dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sorbelli
- Department
of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- CNR
Institute of Chemical Science and Technologies “Giulio Natta”
(CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce
di Sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Department
of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- CNR
Institute of Chemical Science and Technologies “Giulio Natta”
(CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce
di Sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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12
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Shoji Y, Tanaka N, Ikabata Y, Sakai H, Hasobe T, Koch N, Nakai H, Fukushima T. Tetraaryldiborane(4) Can Emit Dual Fluorescence Responding to the Structural Change around the B–B Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Shoji
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- Present address: Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research, (WPI-I2CNER) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ikabata
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
- Present address: Information and Media Center Toyohashi University of Technology 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho Toyohashi Aichi 441-8580 Japan
| | - Hayato Sakai
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Taku Hasobe
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Norbert Koch
- Institut für Physik and IRIS Adlershof Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin 12489 Germany
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry School of Advanced Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
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13
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Shoji Y, Kashida J, Fukushima T. Bringing out the potential of organoboron compounds by designing the chemical bonds and spaces around boron. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4420-4434. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00653g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Since the structures, reactivity and properties of organoboron compounds stem from the electron deficiency and low electronegativity of boron, the design of the chemical bonds attached to boron as well...
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14
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Eleazer BJ, Jayaweera HDAC, Gange GB, Smith MD, Martin CR, Park KC, Popov AA, Peryshkov DV. Bimetallic Ru-Pd and Trimetallic Ru-Pd-Cu Assemblies on the Carborane Cluster Surface. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16911-16916. [PMID: 34710327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of well-defined heterometallic complexes remains a frontier challenge in inorganic chemistry. We report an approach that relies on the sequential insertion of electrophilic metal fragments into electron-rich Ru-B bonds of the η2-BB-carboryne complex (POBBOP)Ru(CO)2 [POBBOP = 1,7-OP(iPr)2-m-2,6-dehydrocarborane]. Utilizing this synthetic strategy, bimetallic (POBBOP)(Ru)(CO)2[Pd(PtBu3)] and trimetallic (POBBOP)(Ru)(CO)2[Pd(PtBu3)](CuBr) complexes were selectively prepared. Structural and theoretical analysis of the features of chemical bonding within Ru-B-B-Cu and Ru-B-B-Pd fragments is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bennett J Eleazer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - H D A Chathumal Jayaweera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Gayathri B Gange
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Mark D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Corey R Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Kyoung Chul Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dmitry V Peryshkov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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15
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Shoji Y, Tanaka N, Ikabata Y, Sakai H, Hasobe T, Koch N, Nakai H, Fukushima T. Tetraaryldiborane(4) Can Emit Dual Fluorescence Responding to the Structural Change around the B-B Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113549. [PMID: 34677888 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We report the successful synthesis of tetramesityldiborane(4) (Mes4 B2 ) through the reductive coupling of a dimesitylborinium ion. Owing to the steric protection conferred by the mesityl groups, Mes4 B2 shows exceptional chemical stability and remains intact in water. Single-crystal X-ray analysis revealed that Mes4 B2 has an orthogonal geometry, where the B-B center is completely hidden by the mesityl groups. Remarkably, Mes4 B2 emits dual fluorescence at 460 and 620 nm, both in solution and in the solid state. Theoretical calculations showed that Mes4 B2 in the excited S1 state adopts a twisted or planar geometry, which is responsible for the shorter- or longer-wavelength fluorescence, respectively. The intensity ratio of the dual fluorescence is sensitive to the viscosity of the medium, which suggests that Mes4 B2 has potential as a ratiometric viscosity sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Shoji
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,Present address: Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research, (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ikabata
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.,Present address: Information and Media Center, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan
| | - Hayato Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Taku Hasobe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Norbert Koch
- Institut für Physik and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, 12489, Germany
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
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16
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McManus C, Hicks J, Cui X, Zhao L, Frenking G, Goicoechea JM, Aldridge S. Coinage metal aluminyl complexes: probing regiochemistry and mechanism in the insertion and reduction of carbon dioxide. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13458-13468. [PMID: 34777765 PMCID: PMC8528051 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04676d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of coinage metal aluminyl complexes, featuring M-Al covalent bonds, is reported via a salt metathesis approach employing an anionic Al(i) ('aluminyl') nucleophile and group 11 electrophiles. This approach allows access to both bimetallic (1 : 1) systems of the type ( t Bu3P)MAl(NON) (M = Cu, Ag, Au; NON = 4,5-bis(2,6-diisopropylanilido)-2,7-di-tert-butyl-9,9-dimethylxanthene) and a 2 : 1 di(aluminyl)cuprate system, K[Cu{Al(NON)}2]. The bimetallic complexes readily insert heteroallenes (CO2, carbodiimides) into the unsupported M-Al bonds to give systems containing a M(CE2)Al bridging unit (E = O, NR), with the μ-κ1(C):κ2(E,E') mode of heteroallene binding being demonstrated crystallographically for carbodiimide insertion in the cases of all three metals, Cu, Ag and Au. The regiochemistry of these processes, leading to the formation of M-C bonds, is rationalized computationally, and is consistent with addition of CO2 across the M-Al covalent bond with the group 11 metal acting as the nucleophilic partner and Al as the electrophile. While the products of carbodiimide insertion are stable to further reaction, their CO2 analogues have the potential to react further, depending on the identity of the group 11 metal. ( t Bu3P)Au(CO)2Al(NON) is inert to further reaction, but its silver counterpart reacts slowly with CO2 to give the corresponding carbonate complex (and CO), and the copper system proceeds rapidly to the carbonate even at low temperatures. Experimental and quantum chemical investigations of the mechanism of the CO2 to CO/carbonate transformation are consistent with rate-determining extrusion of CO from the initially-formed M(CO)2Al fragment to give a bimetallic oxide that rapidly assimilates a second molecule of CO2. The calculated energetic barriers for the most feasible CO extrusion step (ΔG ‡ = 26.6, 33.1, 44.5 kcal mol-1 for M = Cu, Ag and Au, respectively) are consistent not only with the observed experimental labilities of the respective M(CO)2Al motifs, but also with the opposing trends in M-C (increasing) and M-O bond strengths (decreasing) on transitioning from Cu to Au.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitilín McManus
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Jamie Hicks
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Xianlu Cui
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität, Marburg D-35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Jose M Goicoechea
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
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17
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Sorbelli D, Belpassi L, Belanzoni P. Reactivity of a Gold-Aluminyl Complex with Carbon Dioxide: A Nucleophilic Gold? J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14433-14437. [PMID: 34472349 PMCID: PMC8447181 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A gold-aluminyl complex has been recently reported to feature an unconventional gold nucleophilic center, which was revealed through reactivity with carbon dioxide leading to the Au-CO2 coordination mode. In this work, we computationally investigate the reaction mechanism, which is found to be cooperative, with the gold-aluminum bond being the actual nucleophile and Al also behaving as electrophile. The Au-Al bond is shown to be mainly of an electron-sharing nature, with the two metal fragments displaying a diradical-like reactivity with CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sorbelli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.,Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO) c/o Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.,Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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18
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Suzuki A, Wu L, Lin Z, Yamashita M. Isomerization of a cis-(2-Borylalkenyl)Gold Complex via a Retro-1,2-Metalate Shift: Cleavage of a C-C/C-Si Bond trans to a C-Au Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21007-21013. [PMID: 34288308 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript describes the first example of an alkyne insertion to the Au-B bond of a di(o-tolyl)borylgold complex to afford a cis-2-borylalkenylgold complex, and its isomerization to result in interchanging substituents on the alkenyl carbon atom and the boron atom. The former reaction is the first example of an alkyne insertion to a Au-B bond. In the latter reaction, the regiochemistry of the isomerized alkenylgold products varied depending on the substituents. DFT calculations revealed the formation of gold alkynylborates as a common intermediate via a "retro-1,2-metalate shift", which can be considered as an anti-β-carbon/silicon elimination, and identified a subsequent 1,2-metalate shift as the regiochemistry-determining step. Relative energies of the transition states to each isomer and natural-bond-orbital (NBO) analyses were used to clearly rationalize the regiochemistry of the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Suzuki
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Aichi, Japan
| | - Linlin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Makoto Yamashita
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Aichi, Japan
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19
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Suzuki A, Wu L, Lin Z, Yamashita M. Isomerization of a
cis
‐(2‐Borylalkenyl)Gold Complex via a Retro‐1,2‐Metalate Shift: Cleavage of a C−C/C−Si Bond
trans
to a C−Au Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akane Suzuki
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Aichi Japan
| | - Linlin Wu
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Makoto Yamashita
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Aichi Japan
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20
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Liu H, Schwamm RJ, Hill MS, Mahon MF, McMullin CL, Rajabi NA. Ambiphilic Al−Cu Bonding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Han‐Ying Liu
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | | | | | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK
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21
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Liu HY, Schwamm RJ, Hill MS, Mahon MF, McMullin CL, Rajabi NA. Ambiphilic Al-Cu Bonding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14390-14393. [PMID: 33899319 PMCID: PMC8252794 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Copper-alumanyl complexes, [LCu-Al(SiNDipp )], where L=carbene=NHCiPr (N,N'-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethyl-2-ylidene) and Me2 CAAC (1-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrrolidin-2-ylidene) and featuring unsupported Al-Cu bonds, have been prepared. Divergent reactivity observed with carbodiimides and CO2 implies an ambiphilicity in the Cu-Al interaction that is dependent on the identity of the carbene co-ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Ying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Ryan J Schwamm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Mary F Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | - Nasir A Rajabi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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22
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Guo X, Yang T, Sheong FK, Lin Z. Beyond the Nucleophilic Role of Metal–Boryl Complexes in Borylation Reactions. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Guo
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tilong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fu Kit Sheong
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
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