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Terasaki S, Kotani Y, Katsuno R, Matsuno T, Fukunaga TM, Ikemoto K, Isobe H. Exfoliatable Layered 2D Honeycomb Crystals of Host-guest Complexes Networked by CH-π Hydrogen Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406502. [PMID: 38797709 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Studies of graphene show that robust chemical bonds such as covalent bonds with trigonal-planar atoms afford layered atomic 2D crystals possessing unique properties. Although layered molecular crystals are of interest to diversify elements and structures of 2D materials, the structural diversity of molecules as well as weak intermolecular interactions inevitably makes the design to be one-off and individual. We herein report a versatile method to assemble layered molecular crystals. By developing a D3-symmetry host at vertices to form a honeycomb layer, a diverse range of layered 2D host-guest crystals were obtained. Substituents on the host, elements/structures of the guest, the stereochemistry of the host and types of intercalants were diversified, which should allow for 6×32×3×2 combinations for structural diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Terasaki
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuki Kotani
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Katsuno
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taisuke Matsuno
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshiya M Fukunaga
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Koki Ikemoto
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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Biswas S, Chowdhury A. Organic Supercapacitors as the Next Generation Energy Storage Device: Emergence, Opportunity, and Challenges. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200567. [PMID: 36215082 PMCID: PMC10092279 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing new materials for developing high-energy storage devices set off research in the field of organic supercapacitors. Various attractive properties like high energy density, lower device weight, excellent cycling stability, and impressive pseudocapacitive nature make organic supercapacitors suitable candidates for high-end storage device applications. This review highlights the overall progress and future of organic supercapacitors. Sustainable energy production and storage depend on low cost, large supercapacitor packs with high energy density. Organic supercapacitors with high pseudocapacitance, lightweight form factor, and higher device potential are alternatives to other energy storage devices. There are many recent ongoing research works that focus on organic electrolytes along with the material aspect of organic supercapacitors. This review summarizes the current research status and the chemistry behind the storage mechanism in organic supercapacitors to overcome the challenges and achieve superior performance for future opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Southern District, Israel
| | - Ananya Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institution of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Rimmele M, Nogala W, Seif-Eddine M, Roessler MM, Heeney M, Plasser F, Glöcklhofer F. Functional group introduction and aromatic unit variation in a set of π-conjugated macrocycles: revealing the central role of local and global aromaticity. Org Chem Front 2021; 8:4730-4745. [PMID: 34484800 PMCID: PMC8382046 DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00901j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
π-Conjugated macrocycles are molecules with unique properties that are increasingly exploited for applications and the question of whether they can sustain global aromatic or antiaromatic ring currents is particularly intriguing. However, there are only a small number of experimental studies that investigate how the properties of π-conjugated macrocycles evolve with systematic structural changes. Here, we present such a systematic experimental study of a set of [2.2.2.2]cyclophanetetraenes, all with formally Hückel antiaromatic ground states, and combine it with an in-depth computational analysis. The study reveals the central role of local and global aromaticity for rationalizing the observed optoelectronic properties, ranging from extremely large Stokes shifts of up to 1.6 eV to reversible fourfold reduction, a highly useful feature for charge storage/accumulation applications. A recently developed method for the visualization of chemical shielding tensors (VIST) is applied to provide unique insight into local and global ring currents occurring in different planes along the macrocycle. Conformational changes as a result of the structural variations can further explain some of the observations. The study contributes to the development of structure-property relationships and molecular design guidelines and will help to understand, rationalize, and predict the properties of other π-conjugated macrocycles. It will also assist in the design of macrocycle-based supramolecular elements with defined properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rimmele
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK .,Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Wojciech Nogala
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Maxie M Roessler
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK .,Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Felix Plasser
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University Loughborough LE11 3TU UK
| | - Florian Glöcklhofer
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK .,Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
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